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The present study aimed to recognize the recent literature to highlight the pharmacological impacts and highlight the therapeutic potential of the active molecule eriocitrin. Citrus limon are a good resource of the flavanone eriocitrin (eriodictyol 7-O-β-D-rutinoside). Eriocitrin has potent biological actions due to its strong antioxidant, antitumor, anti-allergic, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. Eriocitrin is more potent in suppressing oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus (DM) and other chronic diseases incurred by excessive oxidative stress. During metabolism, eriocitrin is metabolized by gut microbiota, and a chain of molecules such as eriodictyol, methy-eriodictyol, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHCA), and much more conjugated molecules. More in-depth studies are recommended to explore this drug for clinical trials.

Eriocitrin is a flavonoid that is isolated from orange peel. Resveratrol is a polyphenol compound, which is present in various fruits, such as grapes. The aim of the present study was to investigate both in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of eriocitrin combined with resveratrol using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and a mouse model of ear edema. The results showed that eriocitrin combined with resveratrol strongly inhibited LPS-induced secretion of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Moreover, Eriocitrin combined with resveratrol potently inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), phosphor-STAT3, and phosphor-AKT, which was accompanied by inhibition of phosphorylation in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Treatment with eriocitrin combined with resveratrol alleviated edema and subcutaneous tissue inflammation caused by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in vivo. This study also demonstrated that treatment with eriocitrin and resveratrol decreased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. The results of the present study indicate that eriocitrin combined with resveratrol effectively inhibits inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo.

The inhibition of α-glucosidase activity is a prospective approach to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. As two flavonoids extracted from citrus fruits, eriocitrin and eriodictyol have similar structures and show multiple pharmacological activities. In order to investigate the effects of flavonoids structure on enzyme inhibition, spectroscopy and molecular docking analysis were used. Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase (GH13) was used for studying the inhibitory mechanism by multi-spectroscopic analysis. Results indicated that they could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of α-glucosidase, the binding constants at 298 K were (7.02 ± 0.22) × 10 4 and (4.57 ± 0.16) × 10 4  L mol -1 , respectively. The interaction between them with α-glucosidase were mainly driven by hydrophobic interaction, they induced conformational changes of α-glucosidase. The human α-glucosidase (C-terminal maltase-glucoamylase, GH31) was used in the molecular docking analysis to determine the interaction of eriocitrin and eriodictyol with the α-glucosidase. The results revealed that they could bind with α-glucosidase and might cause the decrease of α-glucosidase activity. The inhibitory effect of eriocitrin was stronger than that of eriodictyol, which might be due to the position and amount of hydroxyl groups. This work confirmed two novel α-glucosidase inhibitors and provided the structure-function relationship of flavonoids in inhibition of α-glucosidase activity., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A novel electrochemically activated nanocomposite, CoS 2 Nanoparticles and MoS 2 Nanosheets decorated poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-functionalized graphene (CoS 2 -MoS 2 -PDDA-GR), was successfully synthesized through a simple and low-cost method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques were used to characterize the nanocomposites. Based on the CoS 2 -MoS 2 -PDDA-GR nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode, the electrochemical properties of eriocitrin were investigated in detail and a sensitive determinative method was established synchronously. Compared with others, this sensor exhibited larger effective surface area, more reactive site and excellent voltammetric response for eriocitrin. Under optimum conditions by DPV, the oxidation peak currents responded to eriocitrin linearly over a concentration range from 2.0 × 10 -9 to 1.0 × 10 -6 mol L -1 with a detection limit of 6.7 × 10 -10 mol L -1 (S/N = 3). In addition, this fabricated sensor was successfully applied to detect eriocitrin in real samples with satisfactory results., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)