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The study aimed to investigate the suitability of some food wastes for use in the production of herbal tea and to reveal their properties in terms of bioactive component content, some physical properties and sensory quality. Three new blends consisting of banana, pomegranate, mandarin, eggplant and red onion peels, walnut shell, cherry stalk and corn tassel were infused at different temperatures (70 and 100 °C) and time (3, 4 and 5 min). Corn tassel tea, which has a high phenolic component content (677.7 mg GAE/L), received less sensory acceptance due to its bitter aftertaste. Therefore, walnut shell tea containing moderate phenolic content was the most preferred tea blend. Significant effects of different infusion temperatures and times on the color indices of teas were also demonstrated. The sensory properties of samples infused for 3 min were more acceptable. The highest correlation coefficients were calculated between total phenolic compounds and subjective odor parameters. Utilization of mandarin, pomegranate, banana, eggplant and red onion peels, walnut shell, corn tassel and cherry stalk in formulating a functional and an alternative food product can be attractive to consumers and industrial producers due to their affordability and high bioactivity.

Ultrasound pretreatment with different times (0, 4, 8, 10 min) on olive paste previous malaxation of olive oil extraction along with depitting and water application procedures were studied. The effects of these procedures on oil yield, quality parameters and oxidative stability have been studied. Therefore, the olive oil yield increase with increasing time of ultrasound treatment. On the other hand, the application of ultrasound did not adversely affect the quality characteristics, as well as the antioxidant activity, when comparing with untreated paste. Furthermore, the oxidative stability data, we can conclude that ultrasound treatment can affect the olive oil oxidative stability. This study could provide useful information for industry to produce olive oil with high yield and quality.

Background and objectives: It has been demonstrated that smoking increases pain perception; however the effect of smoking on perception of pain during venous cannulation is not known. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not smoking has an effect on pain perception due to peripheral venous cannulation. Methods: 220 patients scheduled to have elective surgery were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups (Group S and C, n = 110 for each) according to their smoking habits. Numerical rating scale was introduced to the patients and then peripheral venous cannulation at the dorsum of the hand was made with a 20 G intracath. Pain perception of the patients was scored by subsequent numerical rating scale questioning. Results: The demographic characteristics of the groups were identical. Numerical rating scale scores in Group S and C were 3.31 ± 1.56 and 1.65 ± 1.23, respectively (p

Background and objectives: : Initiation of epidural anesthesia with long-lasting local anesthetics consumes a significant amount of time, which could be problematic in busy obstetric anesthesia suites. We have hypothesized that a combination of articaine and ropivacaine provides faster onset and even an early recovery of sensory-motor block characteristics. Methods: : Sixty term parturients scheduled to have elective cesarean section were randomly allocated into three groups to receive either 20 mL 2% articaine (Group A), 10 mL 2% articaine + 10 mL 0.75% ropivacaine (Group AR) or 20 mL 0.75% ropivacaine (Group R) via lumbar epidural catheter. The onset time of sensory block to T10, T6 and maximum sensory block level, time to two segments regression from maximum sensory block level, onset time and duration of motor block were all recorded. Intraoperative and postoperative additional analgesic requirements were also recorded. Results: : Demographic data were similar. The onset times of sensorial block to T10 and T6 were significantly shorter in Groups A and AR in comparison with Group R (p < 0.05). The onset times of motor block were similar in all groups, but a more intense motor block was observed in Group R (p < 0.05). Two segments regression time and motor block durations were significantly shorter in Groups A and AR in comparison with Group R (p < 0.05). Intraoperative supplementary analgesic requirements were higher in Group A than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: : A combination of 2% articaine and 0.75% ropivacaine for epidural anesthesia in a cesarean section should be preferred over epidural 0.75% ropivacaine alone. Keywords: Anesthesia, Epidural, Anesthetics, Local/ropivacaine, Carticaine, Cesarean Section.

The study aims to evaluate 16 stadiums having different façade features in a comparative manner from a perceptual point of view. Therefore, the 16 stadiums constructed between 2011 and 2021 in Turkey were classified according to their facade and roof, shell forms and shell colors. The semantic differentiation scale consisting of adjective pairs of likability, complexity, impressiveness, familiarity and environmental compatibility that were found valid and reliable in previous studies was used to evaluate the selected stadiums. The means and standard deviations values were determined. Thereafter, the One-Way Analysis of Variance method was used in order to examine the impact of variables like gender and profession. The study concluded that stadiums with a circular shape and a neutral color whose covers are separete from façade, are more popular and evaluated more positively. Besides, women have a more negative approach than men and architects have a more positive approach than lay-persons (not-architect).

Spatial organization is very important for shopping malls having complex functional buildings. Spatial organizational differences in shopping malls affect customer' easy access to stores and their buying behavior. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the spatial organization of shopping malls having different plan schemes. In line with the determined purpose, connectivity, visual integration and visual step depth analyzes were conducted using the Space Syntax method of the ground floors of three different plan typed (Dumbbell, Cluster and Branch) shopping malls selected from Turkey via DepthmapX software. In the direction of the data obtained, Dumbbell and Cluster plan types were evaluated successfully in terms of spatial organization, respectively. In the Branch plan type, it has been determined that there are insufficient spaces in terms of connectivity and integration. In the evaluation made according to the program analysis results and design criteria, it has been determined that the Dumbbell plan type, one of the shopping center schemes, gives positive results in terms of spatial organization and it is recommended to be used in designs.