Author: "David Harrison" / Publisher: elsevier - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

16 results on '"David Harrison"'

1. Clinical coding of long COVID in primary care 2020–2023 in a cohort of 19 million adults: an OpenSAFELY analysisResearch in context

Author: Alasdair D. Henderson, Ben FC. Butler-Cole, John Tazare, Laurie A. Tomlinson, Michael Marks, Mark Jit, Andrew Briggs, Liang-Yu Lin, Oliver Carlile, Chris Bates, John Parry, Sebastian CJ. Bacon, Iain Dillingham, William A. Dennison, Ruth E. Costello, Yinghui Wei, Alex J. Walker, William Hulme, Ben Goldacre, Amir Mehrkar, Brian MacKenna, Emily Herrett, Rosalind M. Eggo, Alex Walker, Amelia Green, Andrea Schaffer, Andrew Brown, Ben Butler-Cole, Caroline Morton, Caroline Walters, Catherine Stables, Christine Cunningham, Christopher Wood, Colm Andrews, David Evans, George Hickman, Helen Curtis, Henry Drysdale, Jessica Morley, Jon Massey, Linda Nab, Lisa Hopcroft, Louis Fisher, Lucy Bridges, Milan Wiedemann, Nicholas DeVito, Orla Macdonald, Peter Inglesby, Rebecca Smith, Richard Croker, Robin Park, Rose Higgins, Sebastian Bacon, Simon Davy, Steven Maude, Thomas O'Dwyer, Tom Ward, Victoria Speed, Liam Hart, Pete Stokes, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Ruth Costello, Thomas Cowling, Ian Douglas, Rosalind Eggo, Stephen Evans, Harriet Forbes, Richard Grieve, Daniel Grint, Sinead Langan, Viyaasan Mahalingasivam, Kathryn Mansfield, Rohini Mathur, Helen McDonald, Edward Parker, Christopher Rentsch, Anna Schultze, Liam Smeeth, Laurie Tomlinson, Jemma Walker, Elizabeth Williamson, Kevin Wing, Angel Wong, Bang Zheng, Christopher Bates, Jonathan Cockburn, Frank Hester, Sam Harper, Shaun O'Hanlon, Alex Eavis, Richard Jarvis, Dima Avramov, Paul Griffiths, Aaron Fowles, Nasreen Parkes, Rafael Perera, David Harrison, Kamlesh Khunti, Jonathan Sterne, and Jennifer Quint
Subjects: Long COVID, Vaccination, Descriptive cohort, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: Long COVID is the patient-coined term for the persistent symptoms of COVID-19 illness for weeks, months or years following the acute infection. There is a large burden of long COVID globally from self-reported data, but the epidemiology, causes and treatments remain poorly understood. Primary care is used to help identify and treat patients with long COVID and therefore Electronic Health Records (EHRs) of past COVID-19 patients could be used to help fill these knowledge gaps. We aimed to describe the incidence and differences in demographic and clinical characteristics in recorded long COVID in primary care records in England. Methods: With the approval of NHS England we used routine clinical data from over 19 million adults in England linked to SARS-COV-2 test result, hospitalisation and vaccination data to describe trends in the recording of 16 clinical codes related to long COVID between November 2020 and January 2023. Using OpenSAFELY, we calculated rates per 100,000 person-years and plotted how these changed over time. We compared crude and adjusted (for age, sex, 9 NHS regions of England, and the dominant variant circulating) rates of recorded long COVID in patient records between different key demographic and vaccination characteristics using negative binomial models. Findings: We identified a total of 55,465 people recorded to have long COVID over the study period, which included 20,025 diagnoses codes and 35,440 codes for further assessment. The incidence of new long COVID records increased steadily over 2021, and declined over 2022. The overall rate per 100,000 person-years was 177.5 cases in women (95% CI: 175.5–179) and 100.5 in men (99.5–102). The majority of those with a long COVID record did not have a recorded positive SARS-COV-2 test 12 or more weeks before the long COVID record. Interpretation: In this descriptive study, EHR recorded long COVID was very low between 2020 and 2023, and incident records of long COVID declined over 2022. Using EHR diagnostic or referral codes unfortunately has major limitations in identifying and ascertaining true cases and timing of long COVID. Funding: This research was supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) (OpenPROMPT: COV-LT2-0073).
Published: 2024
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2. Impact of long COVID on health-related quality-of-life: an OpenSAFELY population cohort study using patient-reported outcome measures (OpenPROMPT)Research in context

Author: Oliver Carlile, Andrew Briggs, Alasdair D. Henderson, Ben F.C. Butler-Cole, John Tazare, Laurie A. Tomlinson, Michael Marks, Mark Jit, Liang-Yu Lin, Chris Bates, John Parry, Sebastian C.J. Bacon, Iain Dillingham, William A. Dennison, Ruth E. Costello, Alex J. Walker, William Hulme, Ben Goldacre, Amir Mehrkar, Brian MacKenna, Emily Herrett, Rosalind M. Eggo, Alex Walker, Amelia Green, Andrea Schaffer, Andrew Brown, Ben Butler-Cole, Caroline Morton, Caroline Walters, Catherine Stables, Christine Cunningham, Christopher Wood, Colm Andrews, David Evans, George Hickman, Helen Curtis, Henry Drysdale, Jessica Morley, Jon Massey, Linda Nab, Lisa Hopcroft, Louis Fisher, Lucy Bridges, Milan Wiedemann, Nicholas DeVito, Orla Macdonald, Peter Inglesby, Rebecca Smith, Richard Croker, Robin Park, Rose Higgins, Sebastian Bacon, Simon Davy, Steven Maude, Thomas O'Dwyer, Tom Ward, Victoria Speed, Liam Hart, Pete Stokes, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Ruth Costello, Thomas Cowling, Ian Douglas, Rosalind Eggo, Stephen Evans, Harriet Forbes, Richard Grieve, Daniel Grint, Sinead Langan, Viyaasan Mahalingasivam, Kathryn Mansfield, Rohini Mathur, Helen McDonald, Edward Parker, Christopher Rentsch, Anna Schultze, Liam Smeeth, Laurie Tomlinson, Jemma Walker, Elizabeth Williamson, Kevin Wing, Angel Wong, Bang Zheng, Christopher Bates, Jonathan Cockburn, Frank Hester, Sam Harper, Shaun O'Hanlon, Alex Eavis, Richard Jarvis, Dima Avramov, Paul Griffiths, Aaron Fowles, Nasreen Parkes, Rafael Perera, David Harrison, Kamlesh Khunti, Jonathan Sterne, and Jennifer Quint
Subjects: Long COVID, HRQoL, QALY, PROMs, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Long COVID is a major problem affecting patient health, the health service, and the workforce. To optimise the design of future interventions against COVID-19, and to better plan and allocate health resources, it is critical to quantify the health and economic burden of this novel condition. We aimed to evaluate and estimate the differences in health impacts of long COVID across sociodemographic categories and quantify this in Quality-Adjusted Life-Years (QALYs), widely used measures across health systems. Methods: With the approval of NHS England, we utilised OpenPROMPT, a UK cohort study measuring the impact of long COVID on health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL). OpenPROMPT invited responses to Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) using a smartphone application and recruited between November 2022 and October 2023. We used the validated EuroQol EQ-5D questionnaire with the UK Value Set to develop disutility scores (1-utility) for respondents with and without Long COVID using linear mixed models, and we calculated subsequent Quality-Adjusted Life-Months (QALMs) for long COVID. Findings: The total OpenPROMPT cohort consisted of 7575 individuals who consented to data collection, with which we used data from 6070 participants who completed a baseline research questionnaire where 24.6% self-reported long COVID. In multivariable regressions, long COVID had a consistent impact on HRQoL, showing a higher likelihood or odds of reporting loss in quality-of-life (Odds Ratio (OR): 4.7, 95% CI: 3.72–5.93) compared with people who did not report long COVID. Reporting a disability was the largest predictor of losses of HRQoL (OR: 17.7, 95% CI: 10.37–30.33) across survey responses. Self-reported long COVID was associated with an 0.37 QALM loss. Interpretation: We found substantial impacts on quality-of-life due to long COVID, representing a major burden on patients and the health service. We highlight the need for continued support and research for long COVID, as HRQoL scores compared unfavourably to patients with conditions such as multiple sclerosis, heart failure, and renal disease. Funding: This research was supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) (OpenPROMPT: COV-LT2-0073).
Published: 2024
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3. #21. PD-1 blockade induces bone loss and reduces bone strength in a breast cancer bone metastasis model

Author: Gwenyth J. Joseph, Lawrence A. Vecchi, III, Sasidhar Uppuganti, Margaret Durdan, Wei Chen, David Harrison, Jeffry S. Nyman, Megan Weivoda, and Rachelle W. Johnson
Subjects: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published: 2024
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4. Ethnic differences in the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical monitoring and hospitalisations for non-COVID conditions in England: a population-based, observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platformResearch in context

Author: Ruth E. Costello, John Tazare, Dominik Piehlmaier, Emily Herrett, Edward P.K. Parker, Bang Zheng, Kathryn E. Mansfield, Alasdair D. Henderson, Helena Carreira, Patrick Bidulka, Angel Y.S. Wong, Charlotte Warren-Gash, Joseph F. Hayes, Jennifer K. Quint, Brian MacKenna, Amir Mehrkar, Rosalind M. Eggo, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Laurie Tomlinson, Sinéad M. Langan, Rohini Mathur, Nishi Chaturvedi, Chloe Park, Alisia Carnemolla, Dylan Williams, Anika Knueppel, Andy Boyd, Emma L. Turner, Katharine M. Evans, Richard Thomas, Samantha Berman, Stela McLachlan, Matthew Crane, Rebecca Whitehorn, Jacqui Oakley, Diane Foster, Hannah Woodward, Kirsteen C. Campbell, Nicholas Timpson, Alex Kwong, Ana Goncalves Soares, Gareth Griffith, Renin Toms, Louise Jones, Herbert Annie, Ruth Mitchell, Tom Palmer, Jonathan Sterne, Venexia Walker, Lizzie Huntley, Laura Fox, Rachel Denholm, Rochelle Knight, Kate Northstone, Arun Kanagaratnam, Elsie Horne, Harriet Forbes, Teri North, Kurt Taylor, Marwa A.L. Arab, Scott Walker, Jose I.C. Coronado, Arun S. Karthikeyan, George Ploubidis, Bettina Moltrecht, Charlotte Booth, Sam Parsons, Bozena Wielgoszewska, Charis Bridger-Staatz, Claire Steves, Ellen Thompson, Paz Garcia, Nathan Cheetham, Ruth Bowyer, Maxim Freydin, Amy Roberts, Ben Goldacre, Alex Walker, Jess Morley, William Hulme, Linda Nab, Louis Fisher, Colm Andrews, Helen Curtis, Lisa Hopcroft, Amelia Green, Praveetha Patalay, Jane Maddock, Kishan Patel, Jean Stafford, Wels Jacques, Kate Tilling, John Macleod, Eoin McElroy, Anoop Shah, Richard Silverwood, Spiros Denaxas, Robin Flaig, Daniel McCartney, Archie Campbell, Liam Smeeth, Thomas Cowling, Kate Mansfield, Kevin Wang, Kathryn Mansfield, Viyaasan Mahalingasivam, Ian Douglas, Sinead Langan, Sinead Brophy, Michael Parker, Jonathan Kennedy, Rosie McEachan, John Wright, Kathryn Willan, Ellena Badrick, Gillian Santorelli, Tiffany Yang, Bo Hou, Andrew Steptoe, Di Gessa Giorgio, Jingmin Zhu, Paola Zaninotto, Angela Wood, Genevieve Cezard, Samantha Ip, Tom Bolton, Alexia Sampri, Elena Rafeti, Fatima Almaghrabi, Aziz Sheikh, Syed A. Shah, Vittal Katikireddi, Richard Shaw, Olivia Hamilton, Michael Green, Theocharis Kromydas, Daniel Kopasker, Felix Greaves, Robert Willans, Fiona Glen, Steve Sharp, Alun Hughes, Andrew Wong, Lee Hamill Howes, Alicja Rapala, Lidia Nigrelli, Fintan McArdle, Chelsea Beckford, Betty Raman, Richard Dobson, Amos Folarin, Callum Stewart, Yatharth Ranjan, Jd Carpentieri, Laura Sheard, Chao Fang, Sarah Baz, Andy Gibson, John Kellas, Stefan Neubauer, Stefan Piechnik, Elena Lukaschuk, Laura C. Saunders, James M. Wild, Stephen Smith, Peter Jezzard, Elizabeth Tunnicliffe, Zeena-Britt Sanders, Lucy Finnigan, Vanessa Ferreira, Mark Green, Rebecca Rhead, Milla Kibble, Yinghui Wei, Agnieszka Lemanska, Francisco Perez-Reche, Lucy Teece, Edward Parker, Alex J. Walker, Peter Inglesby, Helen J. Curtis, Caroline E. Morton, Jessica Morley, Sebastian C.J. Bacon, George Hickman, Richard Croker, David Evans, Tom Ward, Nicholas J. DeVito, Amelia C.A. Green, Jon Massey, Rebecca M. Smith, William J. Hulme, Simon Davy, Colm D. Andrews, Lisa E.M. Hopcroft, Henry Drysdale, Iain Dillingham, Robin Y. Park, Rose Higgins, Christine Cunningham, Milan Wiedemann, Steven Maude, Orla Macdonald, Ben F.C. Butler-Cole, Thomas O'Dwyer, Catherine L. Stables, Christopher Wood, Andrew D. Brown, Victoria Speed, Lucy Bridges, Andrea L. Schaffer, Caroline E. Walters, Christopher T. Rentsch, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Anna Schultze, Elizabeth J. Williamson, Helen I. McDonald, Laurie A. Tomlinson, Kevin Wing, Richard Grieve, Daniel J. Grint, Ian J. Douglas, Stephen J.W. Evans, Jemma L. Walker, Thomas E. Cowling, Emily L. Herrett, Christopher Bates, Jonathan Cockburn, John Parry, Frank Hester, Sam Harper, Shaun O'Hanlon, Alex Eavis, Richard Jarvis, Dima Avramov, Paul Griffiths, Aaron Fowles, Nasreen Parkes, Brian Nicholson, Rafael Perera, David Harrison, Kamlesh Khunti, Jonathan AC. Sterne, and Jennifer Quint
Subjects: Ethnic differences, Pandemic, Healthcare utilisation, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare and may have impacted ethnic inequalities in healthcare. We aimed to describe the impact of pandemic-related disruption on ethnic differences in clinical monitoring and hospital admissions for non-COVID conditions in England. Methods: In this population-based, observational cohort study we used primary care electronic health record data with linkage to hospital episode statistics data and mortality data within OpenSAFELY, a data analytics platform created, with approval of NHS England, to address urgent COVID-19 research questions. We included adults aged 18 years and over registered with a TPP practice between March 1, 2018, and April 30, 2022. We excluded those with missing age, sex, geographic region, or Index of Multiple Deprivation. We grouped ethnicity (exposure), into five categories: White, Asian, Black, Other, and Mixed. We used interrupted time-series regression to estimate ethnic differences in clinical monitoring frequency (blood pressure and Hba1c measurements, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma annual reviews) before and after March 23, 2020. We used multivariable Cox regression to quantify ethnic differences in hospitalisations related to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and mental health before and after March 23, 2020. Findings: Of 33,510,937 registered with a GP as of 1st January 2020, 19,064,019 were adults, alive and registered for at least 3 months, 3,010,751 met the exclusion criteria and 1,122,912 were missing ethnicity. This resulted in 14,930,356 adults with known ethnicity (92% of sample): 86.6% were White, 7.3% Asian, 2.6% Black, 1.4% Mixed ethnicity, and 2.2% Other ethnicities. Clinical monitoring did not return to pre-pandemic levels for any ethnic group. Ethnic differences were apparent pre-pandemic, except for diabetes monitoring, and remained unchanged, except for blood pressure monitoring in those with mental health conditions where differences narrowed during the pandemic. For those of Black ethnicity, there were seven additional admissions for diabetic ketoacidosis per month during the pandemic, and relative ethnic differences narrowed during the pandemic compared to the White ethnic group (Pre-pandemic hazard ratio (HR): 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41, 0.60, Pandemic HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.87). There was increased admissions for heart failure during the pandemic for all ethnic groups, though highest in those of White ethnicity (heart failure risk difference: 5.4). Relatively, ethnic differences narrowed for heart failure admission in those of Asian (Pre-pandemic HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.49, 1.64, Pandemic HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.19, 1.29) and Black ethnicity (Pre-pandemic HR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.53, Pandemic HR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.09, 1.25) compared with White ethnicity. For other outcomes the pandemic had minimal impact on ethnic differences. Interpretation: Our study suggests that ethnic differences in clinical monitoring and hospitalisations remained largely unchanged during the pandemic for most conditions. Key exceptions were hospitalisations for diabetic ketoacidosis and heart failure, which warrant further investigation to understand the causes. Funding: LSHTM COVID-19 Response Grant (DONAT15912).
Published: 2023
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5. Tachyarrhythmias arising from the conduction system in pediatric patients with complete heart block

Author: Soham Dasgupta, MD, David Harrison, MD, Iqbal El-Assaad, MD, Doug Mah, MD, FHRS, Edward O’Leary, MD, and Elizabeth DeWitt, MD
Subjects: Arrhythmias, Postoperative, Complete heart block, Congenital heart disease, Pediatrics, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Published: 2022
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6. Fault diagnosis of a centrifugal pump using MLP-GABP and SVM with CWT

Author: Maamar Ali Saud ALTobi, Geraint Bevan, Peter Wallace, David Harrison, and K.P. Ramachandran
Subjects: Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative study of Multilayer Feedforward Perceptron Neural Network which is trained with Back Propagation (MLP-BP) and also using hybrid training using Genetic Algorithm (GA) (MLP-GABP), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers to classify the fault conditions of a centrifugal pump. Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) with three different wavelet functions (Morlet, db8 and rbio1.5) is used to extract the features. GA is also used to optimize the number of hidden layers and neurons of MLP. From the results obtained, MLP-BP has shown better performance than MLP-GABP and SVM using a lower number of features. SVM has performed better using polynomial kernel function using a smaller number of features and parameters. A centrifugal pump test rig has been specifically designed and built for this work in order to create the desired faults. Keywords: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Multilayer Feedforward Perceptron (MLP), Support vector machine (SVM), Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT)
Published: 2019
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7. Representative Sequencing: Unbiased Sampling of Solid Tumor Tissue

Author: Kevin Litchfield, Stacey Stanislaw, Lavinia Spain, Lisa L. Gallegos, Andrew Rowan, Desiree Schnidrig, Heidi Rosenbaum, Alexandre Harle, Lewis Au, Samantha M. Hill, Zayd Tippu, Jennifer Thomas, Lisa Thompson, Hang Xu, Stuart Horswell, Aoune Barhoumi, Carol Jones, Katherine F. Leith, Daniel L. Burgess, Thomas B.K. Watkins, Emilia Lim, Nicolai J. Birkbak, Philippe Lamy, Iver Nordentoft, Lars Dyrskjøt, Lisa Pickering, Stephen Hazell, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, James Larkin, Charles Swanton, Nelson R. Alexander, Samra Turajlic, Chris Abbosh, Kai-Keen Shiu, John Bridgewater, Daniel Hochhauser, Martin Forster, Siow-Ming Lee, Tanya Ahmad, Dionysis Papadatos-Pastos, Sam Janes, Peter Van Loo, Katey Enfield, Nicholas McGranahan, Ariana Huebner, Sergio Quezada, Stephan Beck, Peter Parker, Henning Walczak, Tariq Enver, Rob Hynds, Mary Falzon, Ian Proctor, Ron Sinclair, Chi-wah Lok, Zoe Rhodes, David Moore, Teresa Marafioti, Elaine Borg, Miriam Mitchison, Reena Khiroya, Giorgia Trevisan, Peter Ellery, Mark Linch, Sebastian Brandner, Crispin Hiley, Selvaraju Veeriah, Maryam Razaq, Heather Shaw, Gert Attard, Mita Afroza Akther, Cristina Naceur-Lombardelli, Lizi Manzano, Maise Al-Bakir, Simranpreet Summan, Nnenna Kanu, Sophie Ward, Uzma Asghar, Faye Gishen, Adrian Tookman, Paddy Stone, Caroline Stirling, Andrew Furness, Kim Edmonds, Nikki Hunter, Sarah Sarker, Sarah Vaughan, Mary Mangwende, Karla Pearce, Scott Shepherd, Haixi Yan, Ben Shum, Eleanor Carlyle, Steve Hazell, Annika Fendler, Fiona Byrne, Nadia Yousaf, Sanjay Popat, Olivia Curtis, Gordon Stamp, Antonia Toncheva, Emma Nye, Aida Murra, Justine Korteweg, Nahid Sheikh, Debra Josephs, Ashish Chandra, James Spicer, Ula Mahadeva, Anna Green, Ruby Stewart, Lara-Rose Iredale, Tina Mackay, Ben Deakin, Debra Enting, Sarah Rudman, Sharmistha Ghosh, Lena Karapagniotou, Elias Pintus, Andrew Tutt, Sarah Howlett, Vasiliki Michalarea, James Brenton, Carlos Caldas, Rebecca Fitzgerald, Merche Jimenez-Linan, Elena Provenzano, Alison Cluroe, Grant Stewart, Colin Watts, Richard Gilbertson, Ultan McDermott, Simon Tavare, Emma Beddowes, Patricia Roxburgh, Andrew Biankin, Anthony Chalmers, Sioban Fraser, Karin Oien, Andrew Kidd, Kevin Blyth, Matt Krebs, Fiona Blackhall, Yvonne Summers, Caroline Dive, Richard Marais, Fabio Gomes, Mat Carter, Jo Dransfield, John Le Quesne, Dean Fennell, Jacqui Shaw, Babu Naidu, Shobhit Baijal, Bruce Tanchel, Gerald Langman, Andrew Robinson, Martin Collard, Peter Cockcroft, Charlotte Ferris, Hollie Bancroft, Amy Kerr, Gary Middleton, Joanne Webb, Salma Kadiri, Peter Colloby, Bernard Olisemeke, Rodelaine Wilson, Ian Tomlinson, Sanjay Jogai, Christian Ottensmeier, David Harrison, Massimo Loda, Adrienne Flanagan, Mairead McKenzie, Allan Hackshaw, Jonathan Ledermann, Abby Sharp, Laura Farrelly, and Hayley Bridger
Subjects: tumor sampling, tumor sequencing, representative sampling, molecular profiling, tumor hetereogeneity, biomarkers, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Summary: Although thousands of solid tumors have been sequenced to date, a fundamental under-sampling bias is inherent in current methodologies. This is caused by a tissue sample input of fixed dimensions (e.g., 6 mm biopsy), which becomes grossly under-powered as tumor volume scales. Here, we demonstrate representative sequencing (Rep-Seq) as a new method to achieve unbiased tumor tissue sampling. Rep-Seq uses fixed residual tumor material, which is homogenized and subjected to next-generation sequencing. Analysis of intratumor tumor mutation burden (TMB) variability shows a high level of misclassification using current single-biopsy methods, with 20% of lung and 52% of bladder tumors having at least one biopsy with high TMB but low clonal TMB overall. Misclassification rates by contrast are reduced to 2% (lung) and 4% (bladder) when a more representative sampling methodology is used. Rep-Seq offers an improved sampling protocol for tumor profiling, with significant potential for improved clinical utility and more accurate deconvolution of clonal structure.
Published: 2020
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8. Risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes associated with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and immune-modifying therapies: a nationwide cohort study in the OpenSAFELY platform

Author: Brian MacKenna, Nicholas A Kennedy, Amir Mehrkar, Anna Rowan, James Galloway, Julian Matthewman, Kathryn E Mansfield, Katie Bechman, Mark Yates, Jeremy Brown, Anna Schultze, Sam Norton, Alex J Walker, Caroline E Morton, David Harrison, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Christopher T Rentsch, Elizabeth Williamson, Richard Croker, Seb Bacon, George Hickman, Tom Ward, Simon Davy, Amelia Green, Louis Fisher, William Hulme, Chris Bates, Helen J Curtis, John Tazare, Rosalind M Eggo, David Evans, Peter Inglesby, Jonathan Cockburn, Helen I McDonald, Laurie A Tomlinson, Rohini Mathur, Angel Y S Wong, Harriet Forbes, John Parry, Frank Hester, Sam Harper, Ian J Douglas, Liam Smeeth, Charlie W Lees, Stephen J W Evans, Ben Goldacre, Catherine H Smith, and Sinéad M Langan
Subjects: Rheumatology, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract: Background: The risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and on immune-modifying drugs might not be fully mediated by comorbidities and might vary by factors such as ethnicity. We aimed to assess the risk of severe COVID-19 in adults with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and in those on immune-modifying therapies. Methods: We did a cohort study, using OpenSAFELY (an analytics platform for electronic health records) and TPP (a software provider for general practitioners), analysing routinely collected primary care data linked to hospital admission, death, and previously unavailable hospital prescription data. We included people aged 18 years or older on March 1, 2020, who were registered with TPP practices with at least 12 months of primary care records before March, 2020. We used Cox regression (adjusting for confounders and mediators) to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) comparing the risk of COVID-19-related death, critical care admission or death, and hospital admission (from March 1 to Sept 30, 2020) in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases compared with the general population, and in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases on targeted immune-modifying drugs (eg, biologics) compared with those on standard systemic treatment (eg, methotrexate). Findings: We identified 17 672 065 adults; 1 163 438 adults (640 164 [55·0%] women and 523 274 [45·0%] men, and 827 457 [71·1%] of White ethnicity) had immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, and 16 508 627 people (8 215 020 [49·8%] women and 8 293 607 [50·2%] men, and 10 614 096 [64·3%] of White ethnicity) were included as the general population. Of 1 163 438 adults with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, 19 119 (1·6%) received targeted immune-modifying therapy and 181 694 (15·6%) received standard systemic therapy. Compared with the general population, adults with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases had an increased risk of COVID-19-related death after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, deprivation, and smoking status; HR 1·23, 95% CI 1·20-1·27) and further adjusting for mediators (body-mass index [BMI], cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and current glucocorticoid use; 1·15, 1·11-1·18). Adults with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases also had an increased risk of COVID-19-related critical care admission or death (confounder-adjusted HR 1·24, 95% CI 1·21-1·28; mediator-adjusted 1·16, 1·12-1·19) and hospital admission (confounder-adjusted 1·32, 1·29-1·35; mediator-adjusted 1·20, 1·17-1·23). In post-hoc analyses, the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases was higher in non-White ethnic groups than in White ethnic groups (as it was in the general population). We saw no evidence of increased COVID-19-related death in adults on targeted, compared with those on standard systemic, therapy after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, deprivation, BMI, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases [bowel, joint, and skin], cardiovascular disease, cancer [excluding non-melanoma skin cancer], stroke, and diabetes (HR 1·03, 95% CI 0·80-1·33), and after additionally adjusting for current glucocorticoid use (1·01, 0·78-1·30). There was no evidence of increased COVID-19-related death in adults prescribed tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, interleukin (IL)-12/IL‑23 inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, or Janus kinase inhibitors compared with those on standard systemic therapy. Rituximab was associated with increased COVID-19-related death (HR 1·68, 95% CI 1·11-2·56), with some attenuation after excluding people with haematological malignancies or organ transplants (1·54, 0·95-2·49). Interpretation: COVID-19 deaths and hospital admissions were higher in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. We saw no increased risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes in those on most targeted immune-modifying drugs for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases compared with those on standard systemic therapy. Funding: UK Medical Research Council, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, and Wellcome Trust.
Published: 2022

9. Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Author: Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Hakam Abbass, Alfie Abbott, Nabeel Abdallah, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Bushra Abdelqader, Basir Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Ajibode Abdulakeem, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Rasheed Abdul-Raheem, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer Abeer Ul Amna, Katrina Abernethy, Adebanke Aboaba, Hani Abo-Leyah, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmed Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yaa Aceampong, Amaka Achara, Devikumar Acharya, Sarah Acheampong, Janet Acheson, Andres Acosta, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Carol Adams, Charlotte Adams, Kate Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Kirsty Adcock, Jemaimah Addai, Ade Adebiyi, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Sherna Adenwalla, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Joyce Adeyemi, Rina Adhikary, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, John Aeron-Thomas, Debbie Affleck, Carmel Afnan, Muhammad Afridi, Zainab A Aftab, Meenakshi Agarwal, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Penny Agent, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Mohammad Ahmad, Syed Ahmad, Asim Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Hamze Ahmed, Iram Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Khaled Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Mahin Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sara Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Syed Haris Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Sana Ahmed, Sana Ahmer, Dhiraj Ail, Mark Ainsworth, Myriam Aissa, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Nasim Akhtar, Nauman Akhtar, Suha Akili, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Olugbenro Aktinade, Ahmad Al Aaraj, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Aladdin Al Swaifi, Eslam Al-Abadi, Narendra Aladangady, Ayaz Alam, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Paul Albert, Lorraine Albon, Gemma Alcorn, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, John Alexander, Peter D G Alexander, Charlotte Alford, Julyan Al-Fori, Laith Alghazawi, Bahij Al-Hakim, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Asad Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohammad Ali, Nayab Ali, Oudai Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Abid Alina, Fine Aliyuda, Katrin Alizaedeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Saba Al-Juboori, Majid Al-Khalil, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Fiona Allan, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Eireann Allen, Kerry Allen, Louise Allen, Poppy Allen, Rebecca Allen, Sam Allen, Sharon Allen, Simon Allen, Kathryn Allison, Bethan Allman, Lynne Allsop, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Magda Al-Obaidi, Lina Alomari, Akram Al-Rabahi, Bahar Al-Ramadhani, Zayneb Al-Saadi, Inji Alshaer, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Warkaq Al-Shamkhani, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Sara Altaf, Mary Alvarez, Maysaa Alzetani, Susan Amamou, Noor Amar, Sakkarai Ambalavanan, Sarah-Jayne Ambler, Robert Ambrogetti, Chris Ambrose, Amir Ameen, Ken Amenyah, Maria R Amezaga, Allison Amin, Amina Amin, Kanish Amin, Syed Amin, Tara Amin, Amjad Amjad, Neelma Amjad, Victoria Amosun, Khaled Amsha, Pugh Amy, Atul Anand, Samantha Anandappa, Julie Anderson, Laura Anderson, Michelle Anderson, Nicola Anderson, Rachel Anderson, Rory Anderson, Wendy Anderson, Prematie Andreou, Angela Andrews, Antonette Andrews, Jill Andrews, Kanayochukwu Aneke, Andrew Ang, Wan Wei Ang, Tammy Angel, Aramburo Angela, Paola Angelini, Lazarus Anguvaa, Oleg Anichtchik, Millicent Anim-Somuah, Krishnan Aniruddhan, Marie Anne Ledingham, Jessica Annett, Patrick James Anstey, Rebekah Anstey, Alpha Anthony, Aaron Anthony-Pillai, Philip Antill, Zhelyazkova Antonina, Varghese Anu, Muhammad Anwar, Aristeidis Apostolopoulos, Diane Appleyard, Maia Far Aquino, Bianca Araba, Samuel Aransiola, Mariana Araujo, Ann Archer, Denise Archer, Simon Archer, Christian Ardley, Ana-Maria Arias, Ryoki Arimoto, Charlotte Arkley, Charlotte Armah, Ilianna Armata, Adam Armitage, Ceri Armstrong, Maureen Armstrong, Sonia Armstrong, Philippa Armtrong, Heike Arndt, Clare Arnison-Newgass, David Arnold, Rachael Arnold, Dhawal Arora, Kavan Arora, Pardeep Arora, Rishi Arora, Arslam Arter, Ayush Arya, Rita Arya, Denisa Asandei, Adeeba Asghar, Catherine Ashbrook-Raby, Helen Ashby, Jan Ashcroft, John Ashcroft, Samuel Ashcroft, Deborah Asher, Ayesha Ashfaq, Abdul Ashish, Sally Ashman-Flavell, Sundar Ashok, Abd-El-Aziz Ashour, Muhammad Z Ashraf, Saima Ashraf, Mohammad B Ashraq, Deborah Ashton, Susan Ashton, Andrew Ashworth, Rebecca Ashworth, Arshia Aslam, Harshini Asogan, Atif Asrar, Omar Assaf, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Deborah Athorne, Billie Atkins, Christopher Atkins, Stacey Atkins, John Atkinson, Vicki Atkinson, Brygitta Atraskiewicz, Abdul Ahmad Attia, Rita Atugonza, Paula Aubrey, Avinash Aujayeb, Aye C T Aung, Hnin Aung, Kyaw T Aung, Yin Aung, Zaw M Aung, Emily Austin, Karen Austin, Abdusshakur Auwal, Miriam Avery, Joanne Avis, Georgina Aviss, Cristina Avram, Paula Avram, Gabriel Awadzi, Atia Awan, Aszad Aya, Eman Ayaz, Amanda Ayers, Jawwad Azam, Mohammed Azharuddin, Ghazala Aziz, N Aziz, Ali Azkoul, Ashaari Azman Shah, Giada Azzopardi, Hocine Azzoug, Fiyinfoluwa Babatunde, Melvin Babi, Babiker Babiker, Gayna Babington, Matthew Babirecki, Marta Babores, Adetona O Babs-Osibodu, Sammy Bacciarelli, Roudi Bachar, Gina Bacon, Jenny Bacon, Bibi Badal, Gurpreet R Badhan, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Joseph P Bae, Sibel Bafekr, Alice Baggaley, Amy Baggott, Graham Bagley, Dinesh Bagmane, Lynsey Bagshaw, Kasra Bahadori, James Bailey, Katie Bailey, Lindsey Bailey, Liz Bailey, Morgan Bailey, Pippa Bailey, Sarah Bailey, Hamish Baillie, J Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer Bain, Vikram Bains, David Baird, Susan Baird, Tracy Baird, Yolanda Baird, Aiysha Bajandouh, Evelyn Baker, Johanne Baker, Josephine Baker, Kenneth Baker, Rebecca Baker, Terri-Anne Baker, Victoria Baker, Hugh Bakere, Nawar Bakerly, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Nauman Bakhtiar, Panos Bakoulas, Niranjan Balachandran, Andrea Balan, Theodosios Balaskas, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Alison Balcombe, Alexander Baldwin, Ashley Baldwin, Caron Baldwin, Danielle Baldwin, Rebekah Baldwin-Jones, James Balfour, Ceri Ball, Kasia Ballard, Ismael Balluz, Craig Balmforth, Emese Balogh, Amir Baluwala, Gabby Bambridge, Alasdair Bamford, Amy Bamford, Peter Bamford, Adefunke Bamgboye, Elizabeth Bancroft, Hollie Bancroft, Tanya Bancroft, Joyce Banda, Krishna Bandaru, Srini Bandi, Nageswar Bandla, Somaditya Bandyopadhyam, Amit Banerjee, Ritwik Banerjee, Harrison Banks, Luke Banks, Paul Banks, Oliver Bannister, Laura Banton, Mariamma Baptist, Tanya Baqai, Ananya Mouli Baral, Desislava Baramova, Russel Barber, Emma Barbon, Monica Barbosa, Jamie Barbour, Alexander Barclay, Claire Barclay, George Bardsley, Stephanie Bareford, Shahedal Bari, Amy Barker, Debbie Barker, Helen Barker, Joseph Barker Barker, Leon Barker, Oliver Barker, Kerry Barker-Williams, Sinha Barkha, Juliana Barla, Gavin Barlow, Richard Barlow, Valerie Barlow, James Barnacle, Alex Barnard, Debi Barnes, Nicky Barnes, Theresa Barnes, Calum Barnetson, Amy Barnett, Matthew Barnett, Ashton Barnett-Vanes, William Barnsley, Andrew Barr, David Barr, Shaney Barratt, Manuella Barrera, Amy Barrett, Fiona Barrett, Jessica Barrett, Jazz Bartholomew, Claire Bartlett, Georgina Bartlett, Greg Barton, Jill Barton, Lorna Barton, Rachael Barton, Rosaleen Baruah, Sonia Baryschpolec, Archana Bashyal, Betsy Basker, Ayten Basoglu, John Bassett, G Bassett, Chris Bassford, Bengisu Bassoy, Victoria Bastion, Anupam Basumatary, Tristan Bate, Harry J Bateman, Kathryn Bateman, Vhairi Bateman, Eleanor Bates, Hayley Bates, Michelle Bates, Simon Bates, Sally Batham, Ana Batista, Amit Batla, Dushyant Batra, Harry Batty, Thomas Batty, Miranda Baum, Carina Bautista, Fareha Bawa, Fatima S Bawani, Simon Bax, Matt Baxter, Nicola Baxter, Zachary Baxter, Hannah Bayes, Farid Bazari, Rohit Bazaz, Ahmad Bazli, Laura Beacham, Wendy Beadles, Philip Beak, Andy Beale, Jack Bearpark, Karen Beaumont, Dawn Beaumont-Jewell, Theresa Beaver, Sarah Beavis, Christy Beazley, Sarah Beck, Virginia Beckett, Rosie Beckitt, Heidi Beddall, Seonaid Beddows, Deborah Beeby, Gail Beech, Michelle Beecroft, Sally Beer, Jane Beety, Gabriela Bega, Alison Begg, Susan Begg, Sara Beghini, Ayesha Begum, Salman Begum, Selina Begum, Teresa Behan, Jasmine Beharry, Roya Behrouzi, Jon Beishon, Claire Beith, James Belcher, Holly Belfield, Katherine Belfield, Ajay Belgaumkar, Dina Bell, Gareth Bell, Gillian Bell, Lauren Bell, Louise Bell, Nicholas Bell, Pippa Bell, Stephanie Bell, Jennifer L Bell, Jennifer Bellamu, Mary Bellamy, Arianna Bellini, Amanda Bellis, Fionn Bellis, Lesley Bendall, Naveena Benesh, Nicola Benetti, Leonie Benham, Guy Benison-Horner, Ann Bennett, Caroline Bennett, Gillian Bennett, Kristopher Bennett, Lorraine Bennett, Sara Bennett, Karen Bennion, Vivienne Benson, Andrew Bentley, James Bentley, Ian Benton, Eva Beranova, Matthew Beresford, Colin Bergin, Malin Bergstrom, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Thomas Berriman, Zoe Berry, Kimberley Best, Ans-Mari Bester, Yvonne Beuvink, Emily Bevan, Sarah Bevins, Tom Bewick, Andrew Bexley, Sonay Beyatli, Fenella Beynon, Arjun Bhadi, Sanjay Bhagani, Shiv Bhakta, Rekha Bhalla, Khushpreet Bhandal, Kulbinder Bhandal, Ashwin Bhandari, Sangam Bhandari, Aashutosh Bhanot, Ravina Bhanot, Prashanth Bhat, Nikhil Bhatia, Rahul Bhatnagar, Karan Bhatt, Janki Bhayani, Deepika Bhojwani, Salimuzzaman Bhuiyan, Anna Bibby, Fatima Bibi, Naheeda Bibi, Salma Bibi, Tihana Bicanic, Sarah Bidgood, Julie Bigg, Sarah Biggs, Alphonsa Biju, Andras Bikov, Sophie Billingham, Jessica Billings, Martin Binney, Alice Binns, Muhammad BinRofaie, Oliver Bintcliffe, Catherine Birch, Jenny Birch, Katherine Birchall, Sam Bird, Sumedha Bird, Mark Birt, Kilanalei Bishop, Linda Bishop, Lisa Bishop, Karen Bisnauthsing, Nibedan Biswas, Sahar Biuk, Karen Blachford, Ethel Black, Helen Black, Karen Black, Mairead Black, Polly Black, Hayley Blackgrove, Bethan Blackledge, Joanne Blackler, Samantha Blackley, Helen Blackman, Caroline Blackstock, Loraine Blackwood, Francesca Blakemore, Helen Blamey, Alison Bland, Sujata Blane, Simon Blankley, Parry Blaxill, Katie Blaylock, Jane Blazeby, Natalie Blencowe, Ben Bloom, Jack Bloomfield, Angela Bloss, Hannah Bloxham, Louise Blundell, Andrew Blunsum, Mark Blunt, Ian Blyth, Kevin Blyth, Andrew Blythe, Karen Blythe, Marilyn Boampoaa, Boniface Bobie, Karen Bobruk, Pritesh Bodalia, Neena Bodasing, Tanya Bodenham, Gabriele Boehmer, Marta Boffito, Kristyna Bohmova, Sumit Bokhandi, Maria Bokhar, Saba Bokhari, Sakina Bokhari, Syed O Bokhari, Ambrose Boles, Charlotte Bond, Helena Bond, Stuart Bond, Thomas Bond, Alice Bone, Georgia Boniface, Lizzy Bonney, Joanne Borbone, Naomi Borman, Fiona Bottrill, Laura Bough, Hayley Boughton, Zoe Boult, Miriam Bourke, Stephen Bourke, Michelle Bourne, Rachel Bousfield, Lucy Boustred, Alexandra Bowes, Amy Bowes, Philip Bowker, Louise Bowman, Simon Bowman, Rachel Bowmer, Angie Bowring, Helen Bowyer, Jenny Boyd, Laura Boyd, Namoi Boyle, Pauline Boyle, Rosalind Boyle, Louise Boyles, Leanna Brace, Jodie Bradder, Clare Jane Bradley, Pamela Bradley, Patrick Bradley, Paul Bradley, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Lynne Bradshaw, Zena Bradshaw, Rebecca Brady, Shirin Brady, Denise Braganza, Marie Branch, Thomas Brankin-Frisby, Jamie Brannigan, Louise Brassington, Sophie Brattan, Fiona Bray, Nancy Bray, Manny Brazil, Lucy Brear, Tracy Brear, Stephen Brearey, Laura Bremner, Morwenna Brend, Giovanna Bretland, Chris Brewer, Hannah Bridge, Gavin Bridgwood, Sara Brigham, John Bright, Christopher E Brightling, Lutece Brimfield, Elaine Brinkworth, Robin Brittain-Long, Vianne Britten, Lauren Broad, Sarah Broad, Rosie Broadhurst, Andrew Broadley, Marie Broadway, Christopher Brockelsby, Megan Brocken, Tomos Brockley, Mary Brodsky, Fiona Brogan, Liz Brohan, Felicity Brokke, Jacob Brolly, David Bromley, Hannah Brooke-Ball, Verity Brooker, Matthew Brookes, Alison Brooks, Karen Brooks, Nicole Brooks, Philip Brooks, Rachel Brooks, Sophie Brooks, Natalie Broomhead, Chloe Broughton, Nathaniel Broughton, Matt Brouns, Alison Brown, Ammani Brown, Carly Brown, Catrin Brown, Ellen Brown, Heather Brown, Janet Brown, Louise Brown, Niall Brown, Pauline Brown, Richard Brown, Robert Brown, Steven Brown, Tom Brown, Bria Browne, Charlotte Browne, Duncan Browne, Mitchell Browne, Stephen Brownlee, Alba Brraka, David Bruce, Johanna Bruce, Michelle Bruce, Wojciech Brudlo, Nigel Brunskill, Alan Brunton, Margaret Brunton, Mandy Bryan, Meera Bryant, April Buazon, Maya H Buch, Ruaridh Buchanan, Danielle Buche, Amanda Buck, Matthew Buckland, Laura Buckley, Philip Buckley, Sarah Buckley, Carol Buckman, Kathleen Buckmire, George Bugg, Ramadan Bujazia, Marwan Bukhari, Shanze Bukhari, Richard Bulbulia, Alex Bull, Damian Bull, Rhian Bull, Thomas Bull, Naomi Bulteel, Kasun Bumunarachchi, Roneleeh Bungue-Tuble, Caroline Burchett, Dorota Burda, Christy Burden, Thomas G Burden, Mika Burgess, Richard Burgess, Sophia Burgess, Paula Burgett, Adrian Burman, Sara Burnard, Caroline Burnett, Amanda Burns, Amy Burns, Collette Burns, James Burns, Karen Burns, Daniel Burrage, Kate Burrows, Claire Burston, Ben Burton, Fiona Burton, Matthew Burton, Deborah Butcher, Aaron Butler, Jessica Butler, Joanne Butler, Joshua Butler, Peter Butler, Susan Butler, Al-Tahoor Butt, Mohammad M Butt, Caryl Butterworth, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Robert Buttery, Tom Buttle, Heather Button, Daniel Buttress, Jane Byrne, Wendy Byrne, Victoria Byrne-Watts, Eleanor Byworth, Amanda Cabandugama, Ruth Cade, Anthony Cadwgan, Donna Cairney, James Calderwood, Darren Caldow, Giorgio Calisti, Debbie Callaghan, Jennifer Callaghan, Claire Callens, Donaldson Callum, Caroline Calver, Melissa Cambell-Kelly, Tracey Camburn, David R Cameron, Eleanor Cameron, Fraser Cameron, Sheena Cameron, Christian Camm, Renee F D Cammack, Alison Campbell, Amy Campbell, Barbara Campbell, Bridget Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Helen Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Jonathan Campbell, Mark Campbell, Robyn Campbell, Wynny Campbell, Quentin Campbell Hewson, Julie Camsooksai, Lisa Canclini, Shaula M Candido, Janie Candlish, Cielito Caneja, Johnathon Cann, Ruby Cannan, Emma Cannon, Michael Cannon, Petra Cannon, Vivienne Cannons, Jane Cantliff, Ben Caplin, Santino Capocci, Noemi Caponi, Angelika Capp, Anne Capps-Jenner, Thomas Capstick, Ishmael Carboo, Mary Cardwell, Rachel Carey, Simon Carley, Tammy Carlin, Samantha Carmichael, Mandy Carnahan, Charlotte Caroline, Jodi Carpenter, Sharon Carr, Anna Carrasco, Zoe Carrington, Paul Carroll, Anne Carstairs, Jonathan Carter, Michael Carter, Paul Carter, Penny Carter, Steven Carter, Douglas Cartwright, Jo-Anne Cartwright, Claire Carty, Sinead Carty, Jaime Carungcong, Susan Casey, Annie Cassells, Barbara Cassimon, Teresa Castiello, Gail Castle, Bridget Castles, Melanie Caswell, Ana Maria Catana, Heidi Cate, Susanne Cathcart, Katrina Cathie, Christine Catley, Laura Catlow, Matthew Caudwell, Jill Caulfield, Anna Cavazza, Luke Cave, Simon Cavinato, Frianne Cawa, Kathryn Cawley, Chloe Caws, Hankins Cendl, Hannah Century, Jeva Cernova, Mansur Cesay, Ed Cetti, Stephanie Chabane, Manish Chablani, Cathleen Chabo, David Chadwick, Julie Chadwick, Robert Chadwick, Ela Chakkarapani, Arup Chakraborty, Mallinath Chakraborty, Mollika Chakravorty, James Chalmers, Richard Chalmers, Georgina Chamberlain, Sarah Chamberlain, Emma Chambers, Jonathan Chambers, Lucy Chambers, Naomi Chambers, Alex Chan, Carmen Chan, Cheuk Chan, Evelyn Chan, Kayen Chan, Kimberley Chan, Ping Chan, Rebekah (Pui-Ching) Chan, Xin Hui Chan, Chris Chandler, Heidi Chandler, Kim Jessica Chandler, Stuart Chandler, Zoe Chandler, Sumit Chandra, Navin Chandran, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, Yvonne Chang, Josephine Chaplin, Graeme Chapman, John Chapman, Katie Chapman, Laura Chapman, Lianne Chapman, Polly Chapman, Timothy Chapman, Lucy Chappell, Linda Chapple, Amanda Charalambou, Bethan Charles, Dianne Charlton, Kevin Chatar, Calvin Chatha, Ritesh Chaube, Muhammad Y N Chaudhary, Iram Chaudhry, Nazia Chaudhuri, Muhammad Chaudhury, Anoop Chauhan, Ruchi S Chauhan, Vipul Chauhan, Nicola Chavasse, Vipal Chawla, Lindsay Cheater, James Cheaveau, Charlotte Cheeld, Michelle Cheeseman, Fang Chen, Hui M Chen, Terence Chen, Lok Y Cheng, Zhihang Cheng, Helen Chenoweth, Chun H Cheong, Shiney Cherian, Mary Cherrie, Helen Cheshire, Barry Chesterson, Chee K Cheung, Elaine Cheung, Michelle Cheung, Claire Cheyne, Swati Chhabra, Wei L Chia, Eric Chiang, Angela Chiapparino, Rosavic Chicano, Zviedzo A Chikwanha, Sam Chilcott, Phillipa Chimbo, KokWai Chin, Wen J Chin, Rumbidzai Chineka, Amol Chingale, Vashira Chiroma, Heather Chisem, Claire Chisenga, Ben Chisnall, Carolyn Chiswick, Sunder Chita, Nihil Chitalia, Matthew Chiu, Brenda Chivima, Catherine Chmiel, Soha Choi, Willy Choon Kon Yune, Vandana Choudhary, Sarah Choudhury, Bing-Lun Chow, Mahibbur Chowdhury, Shahid Chowdhury, Victoria Christenssen, Peter Christian, Alexander Christides, Fiona Christie, Daniel Christmas, Thereza Christopherson, Mark Christy, Paris Chrysostomou, Yunli Chua, Dip Chudgar, Richard Chudleigh, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Michael Eze Chukwu, Izu Chukwulobelu, Chi Y Chung, Elaine Church, Sara R Church, David Churchill, Nicole Cianci, Paola Cicconi, Paola Cinardo, Zdenka Cipinova, Bessie Cipriano, Sarah Clamp, Melanie Clapham, Edel Clare, Sarbjit Clare, Andrew Clark, Charlotte Clark, Diane Clark, Felicity Clark, Gabrielle Clark, James Clark, Katherine Clark, Kaylea Clark, Louise Clark, Lucy Clark, Matthew Clark, Patricia Clark, Richard Clark, Thomas Clark, Zoe Clark, Andrea Clarke, Heather Clarke, Paul Clarke, Robert Clarke, Roseanne Clarke, Samantha Clarke, Sheron Clarke, Tracy Clarke, Alleyna Claxton, Kate Clay, Elizabeth Clayton, Olivia Clayton, Jill Clayton-Smith, Chris Cleaver, Carlota Clemente de la Torre, Jayne Clements, Suzanne Clements, Rachael Clifford, Sarah Clifford, Amelia Clive, Samantha Clueit, Andrea Clyne, Michelle Coakley, Peter G L Coakley, Tony Coates, Kathryn Cobain, Alexandra Cochrane, Patricia Cochrane, Maeve Cockerell, Helen Cockerill, Shirley Cocks, Rachel Codling, Adam Coe, Samantha Coetzee, David Coey, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Cohen, Oliver Cohen, Mike Cohn, Louise Coke, Olutoyin Coker, Nicholas Colbeck, Roghan Colbert, Esther Cole, Jade Cole, Joby Cole, Julie Cole, Richard Cole, Garry Coleman, Matt Coleman, Holly Coles, Macleod Colin, Alicia Colino-Acevedo, Julie Colley, Dawn Collier, Heather Collier, Paul Collini, Emma Collins, Jaimie Collins, Joanne Collins, Nicola Collins, Sally Collins, Vicky Collins, Andrew Collinson, Bernadette Collinson, Jennifer Collinson, Matthew Collis, Madeleine Colmar, Hayley Emma Colton, James Colton, Katie Colville, Carolyn Colvin, Ryan Colwell, Edward Combes, David Comer, Alison Comerford, Dónal Concannon, Robin Condliffe, Lynne Connell, Natalie Connell, Karen Connelly, Gavin Connolly, Emma Connor, Antonia Conroy, Veronica Conteh, Rory Convery, Francesca Conway, Grainne Conway, Rhiannon Conway, Jo-Anna Conyngham, Colette Cook, Eloise Cook, Gemma Cook, Helen Cook, Julie Cook, Danielle Cooke, Graham Cooke, Katrina Cooke, Tim Cooke, Adele Cooper, Chris Cooper, David Cooper, Helen Cooper, Jamie Cooper, Joanne Cooper, Joshua Cooper, Lauren Cooper, Nick Cooper, Rowena Cooper, Thomas Cope, Sinead Corbet, Carolyn Corbett, John Corcoran, Chris Cordell, Jessica Cordle, Alasdair Corfield, John Corless, Alison Corlett, Joe Cornwell, Michael Cornwell, Diana Corogeanu, Mirella Corredera, Ruth Corrigan, Rita Corser, Denise Cosgrove, Tracey Cosier, Patricia Costa, Charlie Coston, Susannah Cotgrove, Zoe Coton, Lisa-Jayne Cottam, Rhiannon Cotter, Donna Cotterill, Caroline Cotton, Katy Cotton, Andrew Coull, James Coulson, David Counsell, David Counter, Cherry Coupland, Ellie Courtney, Julia Courtney, Rebecca Cousins, Alexander Cowan, Elena Cowan, Richard Cowell, Louise Cowen, Steve Cowman, Amanda Cowton, Ellie Cox, Giles Cox, Karina Cox, Miriam Cox, Karen Coy, Beverly Craig, Victoria Craig, Felicity Craighead, Matthew Cramp, Jacolene Crause, Adrian Crawford, Angie Crawford, Emma Crawford, Isobel Crawford, Richard Crawforth, Sarah Crawshaw, Ben Creagh-Brown, Andrew Creamer, Joanne Cremona, Saveria Cremona, Janet Cresswell, Mark Cribb, Charles Crichton, Declan Crilly, Lauren Crisp, Nikki Crisp, Dominic Crocombe, Maria Croft, Jennifer Crooks, Harriet Crosby, Tim Cross, Amy Crothers, Stephen Crotty, Susan Crouch, Madeleine Crow, Amanda Crowder, Kate Crowley, Teresa Crowley, Rebecca Croysdill, Callum Cruickshank, Conor Cruickshank, Irena Cruickshank, James Cruise, Carina Cruz, Trino Cruz Cervera, Dominic Cryans, Guanguo Cui, Helen Cui, Lorraine Cullen, Gillian Cummings-Fosong, Marie Cundall, Victoria Cunliffe, Lorraine Cunningham, Neil Cunningham, Nicola Cunningham, Jason Cupitt, Hollie Curgenven, David Curran, Simon Curran, Craig Currie, Jacqueline Currie, Scarlett Currie, Jonathan Curtis, Katrina Curtis, Olivia Curtis, Thomas Curtis, Rebecca Cuthbertson, Sean Cutler, Marta Czekaj, Patrycja Czylok, Dhanishta D Ramdin, Joana da Rocha, Andrew Dagens, Helen Daggett, Jacqui Daglish, Sandeep Dahiya, Anne Dale, Katie Dale, Michaela Dale, Sam Dale, Jolyon Dales, Helen Dalgleish, Helen Dallow, Dermot Dalton, Zoe Daly, Eleanor Damian, Akila Danga, Amelia Daniel, Priya Daniel, Allison Daniels, Adela Dann, Sandra Danso-Bamfo, Nimo Daoud, Alex Darbyshire, Janet Darbyshire, Paul Dargan, Paul Dark, Kate Darlington, Tom Darton, Guledew Darylile, Manjusha Das, Sukamal Das, Martin Daschel, Joanne Dasgin, Dibyendu Datta, Anna Daunt, Emily Davenport, Mark Davey, Miriam Davey, Molly Davey, Mini David, Alexander Davidson, Laura Davidson, Neil Davidson Davidson, Richard Davidson, Albert Davies, Alison Davies, Amanda Davies, Amy Davies, Angela Davies, Carolyn Davies, Catrin Davies, Cheryl Davies, Drew Davies, Elaine Davies, Ffyon Davies, Helen Davies, Jeni Davies, Jim Davies, Karen Davies, Kelly Davies, Kim Davies, Louisa Davies, Matthew Davies, Michelle Davies, Nina Davies, Owen Davies, Patrick Davies, Rachel Davies, Rhys Davies, Ruth Davies, Sarah Davies, Simon Davies, Alison Davis, Gwyneth Davis, Illinos Davis, Julie-Ann Davis, Katherine Davis, Peter Davis, Alexander Davison, Mark Davy, Christine Dawe, H Dawe, Mark Dawkins, Danielle Dawson, Elizabeth Dawson, Joy Dawson, Susan Dawson, Tom Dawson, Andrew Daxter, Andrew Day, Jacob Day, Jeremy Day, Jamie D'Costa, Parijat De, Duneesha de Fonseka, Toni de Freitas, Frederico De Santana Miranda, Eleanor de Sausmarez, Shanika de Silva, Thushan de Silva, Jessica De Sousa, Paulo De Sousa, James de Souza, Anthony de Soyza, Natasha de Vere, Johannes de Vos, Bethan Deacon, Sharon Dealing, Anna Dean, Julie Dean, Katrina Dean, Stephen Dean, Tessa Dean, Jill Deane, James Dear, Effie Dearden, Catherine Deas, Samuel Debbie, Gabor Debreceni, Vashist Deelchand, Matthew Deeley, Joanne Deery, Emmanuel Defever, Manuela Del Forno, Arnold Dela Rosa, Amanda Dell, Carrie Demetriou, David DeMets, Jane Democratis, Jacqueline Denham, Emmanuelle Denis, Laura Denley, Craig Denmade, Kathy Dent, Martin Dent, Elise Denton, Tom Denwood, Nishigandh Deole, Darshita Depala, Maria Depante, Susan Dermody, Amisha Desai, Asmita Desai, Purav Desai, Sanjeev Deshpande, Vai Deshpande, Sirjana Devkota, Prakash Dey, Vishal Dey, Rogin Deylami, Kevin Dhaliwal, Sundip Dhani, Amandeep Dhanoa, Mili Dhar, Devesh Dhasmana, Ekanjali Dhillon, Reiss Dhillon, Priya Dias, Stephanie Diaz, Kayleigh Diaz-Pratt, Debbie Dickerson, Pamela Dicks, Stuart Dickson, Sean Dillane, Sarah Diment, ThaiHa Dinh, Alex Dipper, Laura Dirmantaite, Lisa Ditchfield, Sarah Diver, Lavanya Diwakar, Caroline Dixon, Giles Dixon, Brice Djeugam, Petr Dlouhy, Paul Dmitri, Laurence Dobbie, Marinela Dobranszky Oroian, Charlotte Dobson, Lee Dobson, Marie Docherty, David Dockrell, James Dodd, Jackie Dodds, Rebecca Dodds, Steve Dodds, Richi Dogra, Erin Doherty, Warren Doherty, Yumiko Doi, Iain Doig, Eleanor Doke, Daniel Dolan, Mark Dolman, Rozzie Dolman, Lisa Donald, Callum Donaldson, Christopher Donaldson, Denise Donaldson, Gillian Donaldson, Kate Donaldson, Joanne Donnachie, Christopher Donnelly, Eilish Donnelly, Ronan Donnelly, Aravindhan Donohoe, Gemma Donohoe, Bryan Donohue, Sinead Donton, Emma Dooks, Grainne Doran, Kane Dorey, Sharon Dorgan, Moonira Dosani, Davinder Dosanjh, Paula Dospinescu, Katie Douglas, Jonathan Douse, Lucy Dowden, Michelle Dower, Kerry Dowling, Sud Dowling, Nicola Downer, Charlotte Downes, Rob Downes, Thomas Downes, Damian Downey, Robert Downey, Louise Downs, Simon Dowson, Cornel Dragan, Cristina Dragos, Maire Drain, Chelsea Drake, Victoria Drew, Olivia Drewett, Celine Driscoll, Helena Drogan, Graham Drummond, Ronald Druyeh, Simon Drysdale, An Du Thinh, Hazel Dube, Judith Dube, Stephen Duberley, Hayley Duckles-Leech, Nicola Duff, Emma Duffield, Helen Duffy, Lionel 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Mohamed Ekoi, Ayomide Ekunola, Soha El Behery, Mohamed Elbeshy, Kate El-Bouzidi, Jennifer Elder, Mohammed El-Din, Diana Eleanor, Ibrahim Eletu, Eman Elfar, Mayy M Elgamal, Amr Elgohary, Stellios Elia, Jennifer Elias, Tania Elias, Nadia Elkaram, Mohammed El-Karim, Andrew V Elkins, Julie Ellam, Nikki Ellard, Laura N Ellerton, Lucy Elliot, Amy Elliott, Chris Elliott, Fiona Elliott, Kerry Elliott, Scott Elliott, Annie Ellis, Christine Ellis, Kaytie Ellis, Tak-Yan Ellis, Yvette Ellis, Megan Ellison, Rahma Elmahdi, Einas Elmahi, Hannah-May Elmasry, Mohamed Elmi, Najla Elndari, Omer Elneima, Mohamed Elokl, Ahmed Elradi, Mohamed Elsaadany, Sally El-Sayeh, Hana El-Sbahi, Tarek Elsefi, Karim El-Shakankery, Robert Elshaw, Hosni El-Taweel, Sarah Elyoussfi, Jonathan Emberey, Jonathan R Emberson, John Emberton, Julian Emmanuel, Ingrid Emmerson, Michael Emms, Florence Emond, Marieke Emonts, Nicu Enachi, Angila Engden, Katy English, Emma Entwistle, Hene Enyi, Marios Erotocritou, Peter Eskander, Hanif Esmail, Brynach Evans, Chris Evans, Debra evans, Gail Evans, Gareth Evans, Jennifer Evans, Lisa Evans, Lynn Evans, Margaret Evans, Mim Evans, Morgan Evans, Ranoromanana Evans, Teriann Evans, Terry J Evans, Caroline Everden, Serenydd Everden, Hayley Evison, Lynsey Evison, Penny Eyton-Jones, Jacqueline Faccenda, Leila Fahel, Youstina Fahmay, Sara Fairbairn, Terry Fairbairn, Andy Fairclough, Louise Fairlie, Mark Fairweather, Anne Fajardo, Naomi Falcone, Euan Falconer, Jonathan Falconer, John Fallon, Andrea Fallow, David Faluyi, Victoria Fancois, Qayyum Farah, Nowin Fard, Amr Farg, Margaret Farinto, Adam Farmer, Katie Farmer, Toni Farmery, Samantha Farnworth, Faiyaz Farook, Hadia Farooq, Sidrah Farooq, Fiona Farquhar, Karen Farrar, Aaron Farrell, Barbara Farrell, James Farthing, Syeda Farzana, Rahmatu Fasina, Azam Fatemi, Mina Fatemi, Nibah Fatimah, Maria Faulkner, Saul N Faust, Joe Fawke, Sinmidele Fawohunre, Abul Fazal, Simon Fearby, Alex Feben, Federico Fedel, Daria Fedorova, Christopher Fegan, Mae Felongco, Lynsey Felton, Tim Felton, Kate Fenlon, Andrea Fenn, Isabelle Fenner, Ciara Fenton, Melisa Fenton, Cameron Ferguson, Jenny Ferguson, Kathryn Ferguson, Katie Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, Susie Ferguson, Victoria Ferguson, Denzil Fernandes, Candida Fernandez, Eduardo Fernandez, Maria Fernandez, Sonia Fernandez Lopez, Callum Jeevan Fernando, Ahmed Feroz, Pietro Ferranti, Thais Ferrari, Eleanor Ferrelly, Alexandra Ferrera, Emma Ferriman, Nicholas Fethers, Ben Field, Janet Field, Rebecca Field, Karen Fielder, Lindsey Fieldhouse, Andra Fielding, Julie Fielding, Len Fielding, Sarah Fielding, Asma Fikree, Sarah Ann Filson, Sarah Finbow, Debbie Finch, Joanne Finch, Laurie Finch, Natalie Fineman, Lauren Finlayson, Adam Finn, Joanne Finn, Clare Finney, Sofia Fiouni, Jo Fiquet, James Fisher, Neil Fisher, Daniel Fishman, Krystofer Fishwick, Lorraine Fitzgerald, Jan Flaherty, Michael Flanagan, Charles Flanders, Julie Fleming, Lucy Fleming, Paul Fleming, William Flesher, Alison Fletcher, Jonathan Fletcher, Lucy Fletcher, Simon Fletcher, Sophie Fletcher, Karen Flewitt, Christopher Flood, Ian Floodgate, Vincent Florence, Sharon Floyd, Rachel Flynn, Claire Foden, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Paul Foley, Linda Folkes, Daniela M Font, Aiwyne Foo, Jane Foo, Andrew Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Jamie Ford, Jennifer Foreman, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Miranda Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Julian Forton, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel Anne Foster, Tracy Foster, Theodora Foukanelli, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Caroline Fox, Claire Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Olivia Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Jason Frankcam, Helen Frankland, Jessica Franklin, Catherine Fraser, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Matthew Free, Carol Freeman, 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Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Anita Hanson, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Steve Hanson, Mazhar Ul Haq, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Lesley Harden, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Joanna Hardy, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, Carolyn Hargreaves, James Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Edward Harlock, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie Harper, Heather Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Jade Harris, Jess Harris, John Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Nichola Harris, Sophie Harris (CTP), David Harrison, Julie Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Thomas Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Lisa Hartley, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Phillipa Hartridge, Stuart Hartshorn, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Brigitte 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Alexander Horsley, Ashley Horsley, Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Catherine Houghton, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Hamish Houston, Tawe Hove, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Sarah Howard, Stuart Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Serena Howe, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Kerry Howlett, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Naing Z Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Chiang O H Huah, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Heather Hudson, Oli Hudson, Alison Hufton, Alistair Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rebecca Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Grace Hull, Robert Hull, Amanda Hulme, Peter Hulme, Wendy Hulse, George Hulston, Ryan Hum, Megan Hume, Charlotte Humphrey, Ismay Humphreys, Alasdair Humphries, Joanne Humphries, Fiona Hunt, Kristen Hunt, Luke Hunt, Sophie Hunt, Alexandra Hunter, Karl Hunter, Neil Hunter, George Huntington, Elizabeth Hurditch, Cian Hurley, Katrina Hurley, Mohammed A Husain, Syeda Y Husaini, Coralie Huson, Afreen Hussain, Ibraar Hussain, Ifza Hussain, Mohammad Hussain, Muhammad Hussain, Reda Hussain, Sajid Hussain, Samia Hussain, Sanniah Hussain, Yasmin Hussain, Mohammed Hussam El-Din, Rebecca Hussey, Camille Hutchinson, Dorothy Hutchinson, Elizabeth Hutchinson, John Hutchinson, Claire Hutsby, Paula Hutton, Daniella Hydes, Jamie Hyde-Wyatt, Niamh Hynes, Megan Hyslop, Mazen Ibraheim, Abdalla Ibrahim, Ahmed Ibrahim, Asil Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Wadah Ibrahim, Adetokunbo I Idowu, Muhammad Idrees, Hina Iftikhar, Mawara Iftikhar, Chukwuemeka Igwe, Mohammad Ijaz, Amaju Ikomi, Clare Iles, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Mary Ilsley, Lorna Ilves, La'ali Imam-Gutierrez, Christopher Imray, Haider Imtiaz, Jack Ingham, Julie Ingham, Rory Ingham, Tejas Ingle, Jennifer Inglis, Anne Ingram, Luke Ingram, Peter Inns, Ken Inweregbu, Andreea A Ionescu, Ana Ionita, Ilian P Iordanov, Anil Ipe, Madiha Iqbal, Mohammed Iqbal, Faisal Iqbal Sait, Jane Ireland, Robert Irons, Mohannad Irshad, Muhammad S Irshad, Janice Irvine, Val Irvine, Robert Irving, Mina Ishak, Erica IsherwoodOC User, Aminul Islam, Abdurrahman Islim, Ali Ismail, Omar Ismail, Caroline Ison, M'hamedi Israa, Sharon Isralls, Monica Ivan, Chineze Ivenso, Ashleigh Ivy, Sophie Iwanikiw, Karen Ixer, Menaka Iyer, Mia Iyer, Calum Jack, Amanda Jackson, Ben Jackson, Beth Jackson, Ella Jackson, Hayley Jackson, Helen Jackson, Jane Jackson, Lauren Jackson, Melanie Jackson, Nicola Jackson, Shane Jackson, Patricia Jacob, Reni Jacob, Nicola Jacques, Anisa Jafar, Daniel Jafferji, Ali Jaffery, Chandrashekar Jagadish, Vijay Jagannathan, Mandeep Jagpal, Fernandez R Jaime, Neemisha Jain, Seema Jain, Susan Jain, Sanjay Jaiswal, Danyal Jajbhay, Thomas Jaki, Bintou Jallow, Yusuf Jaly, Sabine Jamal, Zeba Jamal, Yasmin Jameel, Albie James, Christie James, Kate 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Laura Jimenez, Ana Jimenez Gil, Jithin Jith, Teishel Joefield, Navraj Johal, Karine Johannessen, Aisyah Johari, Annie John, Anu John, Navin John, Emma Johns, Margaret Johns, Antoinette Johnson, David Johnson, Emma Johnson, Gillian Johnson, Kathryn Johnson, Katie Johnson, Luke Johnson, Mark Johnson, Nelson Johnson, Oliver Johnson, Tracy Johnson, Claire Johnston, Janet Johnston, Laura Johnston, Susan Johnston, Victoria Johnston, Dawn Johnstone, Ed Johnstone, Janet Johnstone, Manohar Joishy, Adam Jones, Alistair Jones, Annabel Jones, Ben Jones, Bryony Jones, Carys Jones, Ceri Jones, Charlotte Jones, Christine E Jones, Debra Jones, Emily Jones, Gareth Jones, Geraldine Jones, Jac Jones, James Jones, Jessica Jones, Jonathon Jones, Julie Jones, Kate E Jones, Laura Jones, Laura M Jones, Louise Jones, Mathew Jones, Nicola Jones, Paul Jones, R E Jones, Rhianna Jones, Samantha Jones, Sophie Jones, Stefanie Jones, Steve Jones, Taya Jones, Tim Jones, Tracey Jones, Ramya Jonnalagadda, Rebecca 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Khan, Mehrunnisha Khan, Mohammad Khan, Nayeem Khan, Omar Khan, Rahila Khan, Shabana Khan, Shahul Khan, Shoaib Khan, Tasaduksultan Khan, Waseem Khan, Usman F Khatana, Jibran Khatri, Jyoti Khatri, Hafiza Khatun, Taslima Khatun, Mena Kheia, Jacyntha Khera, Htet H E Khin, Najaf Khoja, Kiran Khokhar, Chloe Khurana, Faith Kibutu, Andrew damian, Michelle Kidd, Joe Kidney, Shane Kidney, Will Kieffer, James Kilbane, Caroline Kilby, Eileen Killen, Susan Kilroy, Bomee Kim, Jee Whang Kim, Sarah Kimber, Andy King, Barbara King, Jennifer King, Kirsten King, Rachel King, Sarah King, Victoria King, Emily King-Oakley, Laura Kingsmore, Fiona Kinney, Sidra Kiran, Jeremy Kirk, Jodie Kirk, Amy Kirkby, Emily Kirkham, Gemma Kirkman, Ursula Kirwan, Kelly Kislingbury, Toby Kitching, Laura Kitto, Lauren Kittridge, Sarah Klaczek, Frieder Kleemann, Susan Kmachia, Chris Knapp, Lucy Knibbs, Alicia Knight, Fraser Knight, Marian Knight, Sarah Knight, Steven Knight, Tom Knight, Ellen Knights, Jane Knights, Martin Knolle, Carol Knott, Charlotte Knowles, Karen Knowles, Laurence Knowles, Emily Knox, Lucy Knox, Oliver Koch, Ronan Kodituwakku, Gouri Koduri, Aisha Koirata, Eirene Kolakaluri, Magdalena Kolodziej, Eirini Kolokouri, Samantha Kon, Niladri Konar, Mari Kononen, Athanasios Konstantinidis, Hui Fen Koo, Imogen Koopmans, Emmanuela Kopyj, Laura Korcierz, James Korolewicz, George Koshy, Chris Kosmidis, Jalpa Kotecha, Easwari Kothandaraman, Koushan Kouranloo, Rukhsana Kousar, Margarita Kousteni, Maja Kovac, Alex Kozak Eskenazia, Kestutis Krasauskas, Raghu Krishnamurthy, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Manju Krishnan, Hari Krishnan, Suzanne Krizak, Sean Krupej, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Soren Kudsk-Iversen, Aurimas Kudzinskas, Chirag Kukadiya, Nainesha Kulkarni, Aditi Kumar, Mayur Kumar, Ramesh Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Rita Kumar, Rupa Kumar, Satish Kumar, Vimal Kumar, Arun Kundu, Heinke Kunst, Amit Kurani, Mohammed Kurdy, Rincy Kurian, Vimal Kurmars, Cameron Kuronen-Stewart, Ranganai S Kusangaya, Vlad Kushakovsky, Mandy Kuunal, Apexa Kuverji, Amma Kyei-Mensah, Thyra Kyere-Diabour, Moe Kyi, Nyan M Kyi, Laura Kyle, Karali-Tsilimpari Kyriaki, Julius Labao, Louise Lacey, Nikki Lack, Emma Ladlow, Heather Lafferty, Shondipon Laha, Sushil Lahane, Clement Lai, James Lai, Robert Laing, Inez Laing-Faiers, Emily Laity, Nicki Lakeman, David Lalloo, Fiona Lalloo, Alison Lam, Fiona Lamb, Lucy Lamb, Thomas Lamb, Pauline Lambert, Claudia Lameirinhas, Mohammed K G Lami, Holly Lamont, Michal Lamparski, Djillali Lamrani, Christine Lanaghan, Ivone Lancona-Malcolm, Julia Lancut, Geraldine Landers, Martin J Landray, Matthew Lane, Nicholas Lane, Alidih Lang, Stephen Lang, Daniel Langer, Margaret Langley, Charles Langoya, Emily Langthorne, Taiya Large, Anna Last, Scott Latham, John Latham-Mollart, Afzal Latheef, Nang Latt, Carly Lattimore, Dawn Lau, Eva Lau, Myra Laurenson, Hou Law, Jennifer Law, Jessica Law, Penny Law, Richard Law, Emma Lawrence, Neil Lawrence, Ryan Lawrie, Joanne Lawson, Louise Lawson, Michael Lay, Christine Laycock, Reina Layug, Maria Lazo, Vietland Le, Amelia Lea, William Lea, Ian Leadbitter, Thomas Leahy, Richard Lean, Lorna Leandro, Darren Leaning, Sandra Leason, Emma Lee, Hannah Lee, Irish Lee, Judith Lee, Sam Lee, Shi H Lee, Simon Lee, Sindy Lee, Stephanie Lee, Tracey Lee, Xiang Lee, Diana Lees, Jennifer Lees, Helen Legge, Julian Leggett, Katie Leigh-Ellis, Kevan Leighton, Nicky Leitch, Eleni Lekoudis, Petula Lemessy, Nicholas Lemoine, Katy Leng, Katrina Lennon, Liz Lennon, Kelly Leonard, Wen Leong, Nicky Leopold, Oskar Lepiarczyk, Isla Leslie, Eleni Lester, Joe Leung, Emma Levell, Chris Levett, Alice Lewin, Michaela Lewin, Alison Lewis, David Lewis, Dee Lewis, Gillian Lewis, Joanne Lewis, Joseph Lewis, Kathryn Lewis, Keir Lewis, Leon Lewis, Marissa Lewis, Rob Lewis, Robert Lewis, Catherine Lewis-Clarke, Katherine Lewiston, Adam Lewszuk, Penny Lewthwaite, Samantha Ley, Angela Liao, Victoria Licence, David Lieberman, Susan Liebeschuetz, Nicky Lightfoot, Patrick Lillie, Ben Lim, Carys Lim, Ee Thong Lim, Ivy Lim, Terence Lim, Wei Shen Lim, Wilson Lim, James Limb, Usha Limbu, Christian Linares, Dermot Linden, Gabriella Lindergard, Kate Lindley, Charlotte Lindsay, Emily Lindsay, Max Lindsay, Helen Lindsay- Clarke, Mirella Ling, Claire Lingam, Linette Linkson, Mike Linney, Louise Linsell, Conrad Lippold, George Lipscomb, Karen Lipscomb, Laura Lipskis, Ana Lisboa, Evangeline Lister, Jeff Little, Sam Little, Xuedi Liu, Daniel Kevin Llanera, Rhiannon Llewellyn, Martin Llewelyn, Adam Lloyd, Aimee Lloyd, Arwel Lloyd, Oliver Lloyd, Richard Lloyd, Su Lo, David Loader, Lydianne Lock, Sara Lock, Stephen Lock, Angela Locke, Jacqueline Locke, Thomas Locke, Teresa Lockett, Jeorghino Lodge, Terrence Lodge, Martina Lofthouse, Heather Loftus, Meg Logan, Chloe Logue, Sook Y Loh, Siddharth Lokanathan, Kaatje Lomme, Emily London, Gabriella Long, Natalie Long, Bev Longhurst, Mark Longshaw, Jennifer Lonnen, Caroline Lonsdale, Laura Looby, Ronda Loosley, Paola Lopez, Paula Lopez, Robert Lord, Catherine Lorenzen, Claire Lorimer, Francesco Loro, Rachel Lorusso, Robert Loveless, Maxine Lovell, Angeliki Loverdou, Andrew Low, Jen M Low, Alastair Lowe, Caroline Lowe, Catherine Lowe, Emily Lowe, Faye Lowe, Michael Lowe, Richard Lowsby, Vicki Lowthorpe, Gamu Lubimbi, Alexandra Lubina Solomon, Georgia Lucas, Jacob Lucas, Alice Lucey, Olivia Lucey, Suzanne Luck, Jane Luke, Apurva Lunia, Muriel Lunn, Ji Luo, Cindy Nisha Luximon, Barrie Lyell, Elisavet Lyka, Audrey Lynas, Ceri Lynch, Daniel Lynch, Daniella Lynch, Stephen Lynch, Helen Lyon, Rea-Grace Maamari, Hannah Mabb, Louies Mabelin, Jessica Macaro, Kateryna Macconaill, Chloe Macdonald, Stuart MacDonald, Claire Macfadyen, James Gray Macfarlane, Jill Macfarlane, Laura Macfarlane, Lisa MacInnes, Iain MacIntyre, Jill MacIntyre, Kirsten Mack, Callum Mackay, Euan Mackay, Laura Mackay, Alexander Mackenzie, Matt Mackenzie, Robert MacKenzie Ross, Ami Mackey, Fiona Mackie, Robert Mackie, Carolyn Mackinlay, Claire 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Louise Mallon, Edward Malone, Gracie Maloney, Edgar Malundas, Madhu Mamman, Irene Man, Kathy Man, Rossana Mancinelli, Marco Mancuso-Marcello, Tracy Manders, Lauren Manderson, Justin Mandeville, Roope Manhas, Carmen Maniero, Ravi Manikonda, Bobby Mann, Jonathan Manning, Katherine Mansi, Katarina Manso, Dina Mansour, Isheunesu T Mapfunde, Predeesh Mappa, Hemant Maraj, Clare Marchand, Neil Marcus, Maria Marecka, Gomathi Margabanthu, Jordi Margalef, Lavinia Margarit, Georgios Margaritopoulos, Mike Margarson, Fernandez M Maria del Rocio, Teresa Maria Pfyl, Victor Mariano, Helen Maria-Osborn, Ashleigh Maric, Grace Markham, Maria Marks, Pamela Marks, Elisabeth Marouzet, Arran Marriott, Cheryl Marriott, Nemonie Marriott, Karen Marsden, Paul Marsden, Sarah Marsden, Tracy Marsden, Robyn Marsh, Adam Marshall, Andrew Marshall, Gail Marshall, Henry Marshall, Jaimie Marshall, Jenna Marshall, Nicola Marshall, Riley Marshall, Jennifer Marshall, Samantha Marston, Emmeline Martin, Hayley Martin, Hope Martin, Jane Martin, Karen Martin, Kate Martin, Laila Martin, Michael Martin, Noelia Martin, Tim Martin, Winston Martin, Tim Martindale, Marcus Martineau, Lauren Martinez, Jose C Martinez Garrido, Juan Martin-Lazaro, Vijay K Maruthamuthu, Gemma Maryan, Roman Mary-Genetu, Sam Maryosh, Vidan Masani, Diego Maseda, Sheila Mashate, Yasaman Mashhoudi, Al Mashta, Izhaq Masih, Sanna Masih, Nick Maskell, Perry Maskell, Matthew Masoli, Rebecca Mason, Richard Mason, Ruth Mason, Claire Mason, Mohammad Masood, Mohammad T Masood, Syed Masood, Syed S M E Masood, Aaqib Masud, Lear Matapure, Cristina Matei, Ropafadzo Matewe, Manraj Matharu, Stephy Mathen, Alex Mather, Nicole Mather, Jonathan Mathers, Joanna Matheson, Amal Mathew, Anna Mathew, Moncy Mathew, Verghese Mathew, Caroline Mathews, Jesha Mathews, Kate Mathias, Darwin Matila, Wadzanai Matimba-Mupaya, Nashaba Matin, Elina Matisa, Max Matonhodze, Elijah Matovu, Jaysankar Mattappillil, Alison J Matthews, Heather Matthews, Helen Matthews, Gwynn 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Perez, Jane Perez, Tanaraj Perinpanathan, Lakshmi Periyasamy, Francesca Perkins, Elizabeth Perritt, Alison Perry, Emily Perry, Meghan Perry, Terrie Perry, Thomas M Perumpral, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Ruth Petch, Lionel Peter, Cecilia Peters, Mark Peters, Steve Peters, Tim Peters, Remy Petersen, Alexandra Peterson, Leon Peto, Iulia Petras, Ilianna Petrou, Boyanka Petrova, Mirela Petrova, Paul Pfeffer, Mysore Phanish, Paul Phelan, Christopher Philbey, Jennifer Philbin, Alex Phillips, Dylan Phillips, Karen Phillips, Rachael Phillips, Marie Phipps, Virach Phongsathorn, Mandeep Phull, Masroor M Phulpoto, Myat T T PI, Sara Pick, James Pickard, Charlotte Pickering, Gillian Pickering, Thomas Pickett, Joanna Pickles, Benjamin Pickwell-Smith, Natalia Pieniazek, Charlie Piercy, Angelo Pieris, Samia Pilgrim, Paul A Pillai, Zoe Pilsworth, Heather Pinches, Stacey Pinches, Kirsty Pine, Muni T Pinjala, Stefania Pintus, Graeme Piper, Tasneem Pirani, Marcus Pittman, Sally Pitts, Nicolene Plaatjies, Aiden J Plant, Naomi Platt, Robert Pleass, Laura Plummer, Charles Plumptre, Jonathan Pobjoy, Tatiana Pogreban, Stephen Poku, Rachel Pollard, Louisa Pollock, Oluwamayowa Poluyi, Gary J Polwarth, Fiona Pomery, Ponmurugan Ponnusamy, Suresh Ponnusamy, Aravind Ponnuswamy, Inês Ponte Bettencourt dos Reis, Suman Pooboni, Alice Poole, Christopher Poole, Lorraine Poole, Lynda Poole, Michele Poole, Sharon Poon, Tajinder Poonian, David Porter, Jo Porter, Linda Porter, Ross Porter, Kelly Postlethwaite, Narayana Pothina, Priyadarshan Potla, Dorota Potoczna, Jason Pott, Alison Potter, Jean Potter, Sarah Potter, Tracey Potter, Elspeth Potton, Joanne B Potts, Julie Potts, Kathryn Potts, K Poultney, Una Poultney, Vanessa Poustie, James Powell, Jordan Powell, Deborah Power, Nick Power, Joseph Poxon, Robin Poyner, Vidushi Pradhan, Helena Prady, Aalekh Prasad, Krishna Prasad, Fredy Prasanth Raj, Sangeetha Prasath, Anezka Pratley, Steven Pratt, David Preiss, Claire Prendergast, Lynn Prentice, Peter 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Samantha Weller, Lucy Wellings, Brian Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, RIchard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Lauren Wentworth, Kate Wesseldine, Jim Wesson, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Luke Western, Ruth Westhead, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Bill Wetherill, Sharon Wheaver, Helen Wheeler, Ben Whelan, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Alison Whitcher, Andrew White, Benjamin White, Christopher White, Duncan White, Emily White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Julia Whiteley, Sophie Whiteley, Gabriel Whitlingum, David Whitmore, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Andrew Whittingham-Hirst, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Robert Whittle, Suzanne Whyte, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Christopher Wignall, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Peter Wilding, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Donna Wiles, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, Janet Wilkie, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Aimee Williams, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Gail Williams, Gemma Williams, Gina Williams, Hannah Williams, James Williams, Jennie Williams, John Williams, Joseph Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Marie Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Rachael Williams, Rupert Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Tamanna Williams, Annie Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Rachel Williamson, Helen Williamson, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Catherine Willshire, Francesca Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Billy Wilson, Eve Wilson, James Wilson, Karen Wilson, Kate Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Toni Wilson, Marlar Win, Tin T Win, Wut Y W Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Kerry Winham-Whyte, Helen Winmill, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Stephen Wisdom, Matthew Wise, Martin Wiselka, Rebecca Wiseman, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Holly Wissett, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Therese Wodehouse, Will Wolf, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Elena Wolodimeroff, Adam Wolstencroft, Alan Wong, Charlotte Wong, Chi-Hung Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica S Y Wong, Kit Y Wong, Mei Yin Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Amanda Wood, Caroline Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Kathryn Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Michelle Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Elizabeth Woodford, Jill Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Zoe Woodward, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Christopher Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Katharine Wooodall, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Daniel Worley, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Maria Wray, Tim Wreford-Bush, Joanne Wren, Kim Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Catherine Wright, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Imogen Wright, Lianne Wright, Rachel Wright, Rebecca Wright, Stephanie Wright, Tim Wright, Caroline Wroe, Hannah Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Jonathan Wubetu, Retno Wulandari, Craig Wyatt, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Arnold Xhikola, Zhongyang Xia, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Freda Yang, Yingjia Yang, Michael Yanney, Woei Lin Yap, Nabil Yaqoob, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Julie Yates, Mark Yates, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Khin Yein, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Peter Yew, Kawai Yip, Laura Ylquimiche, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, H Yong, Jemma Yorke, Jasmine Youens, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Eoin Young, Gail Young, Louise Young, Asfand Yousafzar, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Chrissie Yu, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Said Yusef, Intekhab Yusuf, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Aqsa Zahoor, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Raisa Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei Thankt Zin, Eleanor Zinkin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Azam Zubir, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Sabrina Zulfikar, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, UK Research and Innovation, Group, RECOVERY Collaborative, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, General & Internal Medicine, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Humans, Hospital Mortality, Hypoxia, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Science & Technology, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Covid19, Articles, General Medicine, 3rd-DAS, Middle Aged, NIS, Respiration, Artificial, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Hospitalization, RECOVERY Collaborative Group, Treatment Outcome, Oxygen Saturation, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Anaesthesia Pain and Critical Care
Abstract: The RECOVERY trial is supported by a grant to the University of Oxford from UK Research and Innovation–NIHR (Grant reference: MC_PC_19056) and by core funding provided by NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Department for International Development, Health Data Research UK, the Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, and NIHR Clinical Trials Unit Support Funding. TJ is supported by a grant from UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_0002/14) and an NIHR Senior Research Fellowship (NIHR-SRF-2015-08-001). WSL is supported by core funding provided by NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre. Background : In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tocilizumab in adult patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 with both hypoxia and systemic inflammation. Methods : This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. Those trial participants with hypoxia (oxygen saturation
Published: 2021

10. Tourists, mobilities and paradigms

Author: David Harrison
Subjects: Mobilities, Scientific progress, Strategy and Management, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Perspective (graphical), Transportation, Development, Lexicon, Epistemology, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Perception, Slow-start, 0502 economics and business, Relevance (law), 050211 marketing, Sociology, Social science, 050212 sport, leisure & tourism, Tourism, media_common
Abstract: Kuhn's perception of paradigms changed over time, and eventually he considered the exemplar to be a defining feature of specialised scientific communities, the sole arbiters of scientific progress, who possess a shared lexicon, more or less incommensurable to non-members. The ensuing debate as to whether or not paradigms, including the new mobilities paradigm (NMP), are found in the social science is summarised, and claims it is of special relevance to tourism studies are examined. Authenticity has indeed been a key concept, but the 'discourse of authenticity' has not dominated tourism studies, and Western and Asian scholars, despite a slow start, are now increasingly and successfully applying Western social science concepts to Asian (especially Chinese) tourism without recourse to a 'Non-Western' or 'Asian' paradigm. However, while 'mobilities' is not a paradigm, the NMP is a useful perspective that is commensurable with different theoretical approaches to tourism and other forms of travel.
Published: 2017

11. Supporting Sustainable Product-Service System Implementation through Distributed Manufacturing

Author: Fabrizio Ceschin, David Harrison, Eujin Pei, and Aine Petrulaityte
Subjects: product-service system, 05 social sciences, Product-service system, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Manufacturing engineering, Engineering management, customisation, localised production, 0502 economics and business, Sustainability, Learning network, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Business, distributed manufacturing, Erasmus+, additive manufacturing, 050203 business & management, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Distributed manufacturing
Abstract: Despite the potential of Product-Service Systems (PSS) to provide societal and economic well-being and environmental sustainability, they have not been widely implemented. The adoption of sustainable PSS is restricted by a number of implementation barriers linked to organisational, cultural and regulatory challenges. There are some initial yet still very fragmented attempts to support sustainable PSS development through the application of Distributed Manufacturing (DM). Distributed Manufacturing is a production network made of small scale manufacturing units equipped with emerging technologies, which facilitates localised customer-oriented production. This paper aims to fill the knowledge gap and identify the potential to build a systematic analysis for DM-supported PSS development. In order to understand to what extent DM can address some implementation barriers of sustainable PSS, existing PSS barriers and potential DM opportunities were collected. All DM opportunities were applied to each and every one PSS implementation barrier. Most promising pairings were described in initial scenarios. The implications from this research showed that a number of obstacles related to design, development and customer acceptance of PSS can be potentially tackled through the application of DM. The research is framed within the LeNSin project (International Learning Network of networks on Sustainability), a three yearlong project funded by the EU (Erasmus+).
Published: 2017

12. Identifying patent conflicts: TRIZ-Led patent mapping

Author: David Harrison, Zheng Li, and Mark Atherton
Subjects: TRIZ, Computer science, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Bioengineering, Library and Information Sciences, computer.software_genre, Field (computer science), law.invention, law, Reliability (statistics), Scope (project management), Legal judgment, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Management science, Process Chemistry and Technology, Mechanical engineering, Computer Science Applications, Patent map, Visualization, Fuel Technology, Patent claim, Patent visualisation, Data mining, computer
Abstract: This paper presents a novel method of patent mapping for visualising conflicts between patent claims that incorporates the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). The method uses TRIZ engineering parameters as the criteria for evaluating dissimilarities between patent claims, producing a visualisation based on Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) that can be compared with legal judgments. The advantages of the method are that it (a) reduces evaluation complexity by transforming claim-to-claim comparisons into claim-to-criteria comparisons, and (b) provides a means of comparing judgment standards between different legal authorities in mechanical engineering terms. Reliability and validity of the method are tested through focus groups using a case study on aircraft seats. The scope of the method is limited to the field of mechanical inventions.
Published: 2014

13. Domestic UK retrofit challenge: Barriers, incentives and current performance leading into the green deal

Author: Gideon Susman, Mark Dowson, David Harrison, and Adam Poole
Subjects: Finance, General Energy, Incentive, Economy, Passivhaus, business.industry, Green deal, Economics, Hard-to-treat homes, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Current (fluid), business
Abstract: Copyright @ 2012 Elsevier - The official published version can be accessed from the link below. This paper reviews the thermal performance of the existing UK housing stock, the main fabric efficiency incentive schemes and the barriers to obtaining deep energy and CO2 savings throughout the stock. The UK faces a major challenge to improve the thermal performance of its existing housing stock. Millions of dwellings possess ‘hard-to-treat’ solid walls and have glazing which is not cost effective to improve. A range of fabric efficiency incentive schemes exist, but many do not target the full range of private and social housing. From now on, the Green Deal will be the UK's key energy efficiency policy. However, the scheme is forecasted to have low consumer appeal and low incentives for investors. Moreover, calculated Green Deal loan repayments will be reliant upon estimated energy savings, yet it is claimed that retrofit measures may only be half as effective as anticipated due to a lack of monitoring, poor quality installation and the increased use of heating following refurbishment. Looking to Germany, there has been success through the Passivhaus standard, but the UK currently lacks appropriate skills and cost effective components to replicate this approach. In addition, the embodied energy in retrofit products and materials threatens to counter operational savings. This study is funded by the EPSRC, Brunel University and Buro Happold Ltd.
Published: 2012

14. Problem identification

Author: Ashley Merryman, Inclusive Collaborative, Pieter Jan Stappers, George Verghese, David Harrison, Kenneth S. Hurst, Ranjan Faculty, undefined Ideo, Design Head, How Creative, Massimo Vignelli, Alice M Agogino, Albert Camus, Invention Clubs, Bruno Munari, J.F. Suri, I.S. Francisco, Alla Zusman, Grant Young, Bamboo Initiatives, Angela Dumas, M. Buchenau, Are You, Design Manifesto, Neville A. Stanton, Elizabeth B.-N. Sanders, Joseph Mccade, Dan Lockton, and Optimistic Community-centered
Subjects: Product design specification, Identification (information), Engineering, Problem identification, business.industry, Operations management, Engineering design process, Software engineering, business
Abstract: Publisher Summary Research often needs to be conducted and information is sought before a full product design specification (PDS) can be produced. A first draft of a PDS must be developed before any attempt is made for generating solutions to a problem. This is an important discipline because providing a solution to the wrong problem can waste time, effort, and money. The design process is iterative, and the PDS must be regarded as a fluid document that develops along with the design. In general, there are two main tasks that have to be completed if a thorough identification of the problem is to be achieved: (1) definition of the problem area and (2) formulation of the exact problem. As a prelude to writing the PDS, much research must be carried out and much information must be gathered. In this chapter, the required contents of a PDS are explained and the format of a PDS is presented using an example. The writing of a PDS is the essential first step in every design project.
Published: 1999

15. Apoptosis: An Overview of the Process and Its Relevance in Disease

Author: Stephanie Johnson Webb, David Harrison, and Andrew H. Wyllie
Subjects: Programmed cell death, Effector, Cell, Lymphoproliferative disorders, Disease, Biology, Cell cycle, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Apoptosis, medicine, Neuroscience, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of several recent advances in the study of apoptosis, integrating the molecular events with the physiological and pathophysiological significance of this process. Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved, innate process by which cells systematically inactivate, disassemble, and degrade their own structural and functional components to complete their own demise. It can be activated intracellularly through a genetically defined developmental program or extracellularly by endogenous proteins, cytokines, and hormones, as well as xenobiotic compounds, radiation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia. The ability of a cell to undergo apoptosis in response to a death signal is related to its proliferative status, cell cycle position, and the controlled expression of genes that promote, inhibit, and affect the death program. Dysregulated apoptosis, resulting in excessive, untimely, or insufficient cell death, is fundamental to the initiation and progression of many human diseases. Increased neuronal cell apoptosis is thought to contribute to the progression and severity of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease, and even stroke. Excessive apoptosis of circulating T cells is correlated with severe immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS, whereas insufficient apoptosis is a mechanism for certain autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders. A lot of research on the biochemical and genetic mechanisms involved in apoptosis has begun to provide with an appreciation of the complexity of the triggers and effector pathways that mediate this fundamental process.
Published: 1997

16. Designing, Writing, and Implementing Courses for an IT-Integrated Professional Accounting Program

Author: David Harrison
Subjects: Formative assessment, Financial management, Independent study, Engineering, Summative assessment, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Association (object-oriented programming), Accounting, Certification, business, Duty, media_common
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the designing, writing, and implementing courses for an IT-integrated professional accounting program for Certified General Accountants' Association (CGA) of Canada. A fundamental design concept of every course in the CGA program is that it must be written for independent guided study. The rationale for this is both logistical, and educational. Logistical, because independent study materials open up learning access to those who, for reasons of time, distance, or duty cannot attend formal courses given on fixed schedules. Each student is required to obtain practical experience in the accounting, and financial management fields. This provides the opportunity to apply the concepts, and skills learned in the program. As students move to higher program levels, they must be employed, and their performance evaluated in positions of increasing responsibility. The range of practical experience is verified by employers, and evaluated by the Association on a formative and summative basis.
Published: 1994

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1. Clinical coding of long COVID in primary care 2020–2023 in a cohort of 19 million adults: an OpenSAFELY analysisResearch in context

2. Impact of long COVID on health-related quality-of-life: an OpenSAFELY population cohort study using patient-reported outcome measures (OpenPROMPT)Research in context

3. #21. PD-1 blockade induces bone loss and reduces bone strength in a breast cancer bone metastasis model

4. Ethnic differences in the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical monitoring and hospitalisations for non-COVID conditions in England: a population-based, observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platformResearch in context

5. Tachyarrhythmias arising from the conduction system in pediatric patients with complete heart block

6. Fault diagnosis of a centrifugal pump using MLP-GABP and SVM with CWT

7. Representative Sequencing: Unbiased Sampling of Solid Tumor Tissue

8. Risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes associated with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and immune-modifying therapies: a nationwide cohort study in the OpenSAFELY platform

9. Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

10. Tourists, mobilities and paradigms

11. Supporting Sustainable Product-Service System Implementation through Distributed Manufacturing

12. Identifying patent conflicts: TRIZ-Led patent mapping

13. Domestic UK retrofit challenge: Barriers, incentives and current performance leading into the green deal

14. Problem identification

15. Apoptosis: An Overview of the Process and Its Relevance in Disease

16. Designing, Writing, and Implementing Courses for an IT-Integrated Professional Accounting Program

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