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2. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Author

ABELL, C.W., primary, ALFORD, ROBERT H., additional, ALTER, B.J., additional, ANDERSON, A.O., additional, ANDERSON, DEBORAH J., additional, ANDERSON, SUSAN M., additional, ANDRON, L.A., additional, ANTON, ELIZABETH, additional, ARALA-CHAVES, M.P., additional, ARNON, R., additional, ASCHER, M.S., additional, BACH, F.H., additional, BAIRD, LYNN G., additional, BARCINSKI, MARCELLO A., additional, BARKER, BARBARA E., additional, BARTH, ROLF F., additional, BATTISTO, JACK R., additional, BELL, CLARA, additional, BEN-SASSON, SHMUEL A., additional, BERKE, GIDEON, additional, BERNHEIM, JAN L., additional, BESSLER, WOLFGANG G., additional, BETEL, IDO, additional, BETZ, SALLY J., additional, BEYER, C.F., additional, BLAESE, R. MICHAEL, additional, BLANKWATER, M.J., additional, BOCHERT, G., additional, BOCKMAN, D.E., additional, BOLDT, DAVID H., additional, BONA, CONSTANTIN, additional, BONAVIDA, BENJAMIN, additional, BONNARD, GUY D., additional, BOREL, J.F., additional, BOWERS, W.E., additional, BRAATZ, J.A., additional, BRADLEY, B., additional, BRADLEY, B.A., additional, BRAUNSTEINER, HERBERT, additional, BRODER, S., additional, BROWN, JOHN M., additional, BUNDY, BONITA M., additional, BURGER, D.R., additional, CAMBELL, D.A., additional, CARPENTER, C.B., additional, CASTAGNOLA, JAN, additional, CAVILES, ALENDRY P., additional, CHAKRAVARTY, A.K., additional, CHAPLIN, D.D., additional, CHARMOT, D., additional, CHISARI, F.V., additional, CLARK, W.R., additional, CLEMENTS, PHILIP J., additional, COHEN, I.R., additional, COOPER, HERBERT L., additional, COOPER, M.D., additional, COOPER, R.A., additional, CORLEY, RONALD B., additional, CROSIER, P., additional, CUNNINGHAM-RUNDLES, S., additional, CURTISS, LINDA K., additional, DANIELE, RONALD P., additional, DARAI, G., additional, DAUSSET, J., additional, DAVID, JOHN R., additional, DAYNES, RAYMOND A., additional, DEAN, JACK H., additional, DEBATES, MARY JO, additional, DECKER, JEAN M., additional, DE GOEDE, R.E.Y, additional, DEHEER, DAVID H., additional, DELFRAISSY, J.F., additional, DEWOLF, W.C., additional, DOOLEY, N.D., additional, DOOLEY, NANCY J., additional, DORIAN, RANDEL, additional, DORMONT, J., additional, DOUGLAS, GARY N., additional, DRAY, SHELDON, additional, DUPONT, B., additional, DURM, M., additional, DWYER, JOHN M., additional, EDGINGTON, THOMAS S., additional, ELFERINK, DIENNE, additional, ENDRES, ROBERT O., additional, ESSELMAN, WALTER J., additional, FAGAN, G., additional, FARNES, PATRICIA, additional, FAUCI, ANTHONY S., additional, FERGUSON, RONALD M., additional, FERRARINI, M., additional, FLETCHER, MARK P., additional, FRELINGER, JEFFREY A., additional, FORSDYKE, D.R., additional, FROST, A.F., additional, FUDENBERG, H. HUGH, additional, GALANAUD, P., additional, GAROVOY, M.R., additional, GARRIDO, F., additional, GEHA, RAIF S., additional, GEMSA, DIETHARD, additional, GEORGE, K., additional, GERSHWIN, M. ERIC, additional, GLICKMAN, E., additional, GOLDBLUM, R.M., additional, GOLDMAN, C., additional, GOLDSTEIN, ALLAN L., additional, GOOD, R.A., additional, GORDON, DAVID S., additional, GORDON, G., additional, GORDON, IAN L., additional, GORDON, JULIUS, additional, GORENBERG, DAVID J., additional, GORSKA, R., additional, GORSKI, A.J., additional, GOTTLIEB, M.N., additional, GRANBERG, CHRISTER, additional, GRANGER, GALE A., additional, GRAYBILL, J. RICHARD, additional, GREY, HOWARD M., additional, GRILLOT-COURVALIN, C., additional, GRIMM, ELIZABETH ANN, additional, GRINWICH, KAZIMIERA, additional, GROSSI, C.E., additional, GüNTHER, EBERHARD, additional, GUERRY, D., additional, HAMILL, BARBARA, additional, HANSEN, J.A., additional, HANTKE, KLAUS, additional, HAYWARD, A.R., additional, HEININGER, D., additional, HELDERMAN, J. HAROLD, additional, HENKART, PIERRE A., additional, HENNEY, CHRISTOPHER H., additional, HERBERMAN, R.B., additional, HESTER, RAYMOND B., additional, HIRSCHBERG, HENRY, additional, HISERODT, JOHN C., additional, HOETTE, M., additional, HOLIMAN, B.J., additional, HORSMANHEIMO, A., additional, HORSMANHEIMO, M., additional, SUNY, MICHAEL L. HOWE, additional, HUBER, CHRISTOPH, additional, HURTUBISE, P.E., additional, IKEDA, RICHARD, additional, ITZCHAKI, M., additional, JACOBS, DIANE M., additional, JANICKI, BERNARD W., additional, JARRETT-TOTH, E., additional, JENSEN, PAMELA, additional, JERRY, L. MARTIN, additional, JONES, THOMAS B., additional, JONGENEEL, C. VICTOR, additional, JUNGFER, H., additional, KACENA, AMELIA, additional, KALDANY, A., additional, KAPLAN, ALAN M., additional, KAPLAN, J.G., additional, KASHKET, EVA R., additional, KAY, H. DAVID, additional, KAZURA, J., additional, KEARNEY, J.K., additional, KERMANI-ARAB, V., additional, KIERSZENBAUM, F., additional, KEYSSNER, K., additional, KIRCHNER, H., additional, KIRKPATRICK, CHARLES H., additional, KLEIN, J., additional, KLIMPEL, GARY, additional, KOLB, W.P., additional, KORN, J., additional, KOSKI, L.J., additional, KRAKAUER, R., additional, KRUISBEEK, ADA M., additional, KRUITHOF, E.K.O., additional, KUBO, RALPH T., additional, LANOTTE, M., additional, LAUGHTER, ARLINE H., additional, LAUGHTER, BARBARA J., additional, LA VIA, D.S., additional, LA VIA, M.F., additional, LAWRENCE, E.C., additional, LAWTON, A.R., additional, LEGRAND, L., additional, LEON, MYRON A., additional, LESLIE, G.A., additional, UCLA, JOSHUA LEVY, additional, LICHTMAN, M.A., additional, LIFTON, J., additional, LIGHTBODY, JAMES J., additional, LINKER-ISRAELI, M., additional, LOPATIN, DENNIS E., additional, LORARCHER, ALOIS, additional, LORD, EDITH M., additional, LUCAS, DAVID O., additional, LUCAS, KEES, additional, LUNDIN, A.P., additional, LYDYARD, P.M., additional, MCCALMON, ROBERT T., additional, MACDERMOTT, RICHARD P., additional, MCDOUGAL, J.S., additional, MCINTIRE, K.R., additional, MACKLER, BRUCE F., additional, MADYASTHA, K.R., additional, MADYASTHA, P.R., additional, MÄHLER, BERND, additional, MAKI, TAKASHI, additional, MANNINEN, KIMMO, additional, MARTIJNSE, JOKE, additional, MAWAS, C., additional, MAYER, EUGENE P., additional, MEADE, B., additional, MENDELSOHN, JOHN, additional, MENZEL, J., additional, MERGENHAGEN, S.E., additional, METZGER, JOACHIM, additional, MILLER, GINGER W., additional, MILLER, HAROLD C., additional, MILLER, J., additional, MILLS, G., additional, MINGARI, M.C., additional, MOERMAN, C., additional, MOLDOW, C.F., additional, MONAHAN, T.M., additional, MORETTA, A., additional, MORETTA, L., additional, MORRISON, DAVID C., additional, MOTICKA, EDWARD J., additional, MUCHMORE, ANDREW V., additional, MULLER-EBERHARD, H.J., additional, MUNK, K., additional, MUUL, L., additional, NASH, GEOFFREY S., additional, NEGENDANK, W., additional, NELSON, DAVID L., additional, NELSON, J.A., additional, NETA, R., additional, NEWELL, LAURIE, additional, NG, A.K., additional, O'BRIEN, RICHARD L., additional, OEHLER, J.R., additional, O'NEILL, PEGGY A., additional, OPPENHEIM, JOOST J., additional, ORTALDO, J.R., additional, PAHWA, S., additional, PANIJEL, J., additional, PAPE, GERD R., additional, PARADYSZ, J., additional, PARKER, C.W., additional, PARKER, JOHN W., additional, PARRILLO, JOSEPH E., additional, PAWELEC, G.P., additional, PEARSON, CARL M., additional, PERLMANN, PETER, additional, PILARSKI, LINDA M., additional, PLATA, FERNANDO, additional, PLESCIA, ANNE M., additional, PLESCIA, OTTO J., additional, PONZIO, N.M., additional, POPLACK, D.G., additional, PRATT, KAREN R., additional, PUNTIS, M.C.A, additional, RANNEY, DAVID F., additional, RASMUSSEN, HOWARD, additional, REDELMAN, DOUG, additional, RESCH, KLAUS, additional, RICH, ROBERT R., additional, RICH, SUSAN SOLLIDAY, additional, ROBERTS, R.L., additional, RODE, HAROLD N., additional, ROSENSTREICH, DAVID L., additional, ROSENTHAL, ALAN S., additional, ROSSIO, JEFFREY L., additional, ROWDEN, GEOFFREY, additional, ROWLAND, GEORGE, additional, RUBIN, ARNOLD S., additional, RüDE, ERWIN, additional, RüHL, H., additional, RüHL, U., additional, RYAN, JOHN L., additional, SALVIN, S.B., additional, SASPORTES, M., additional, SCHIRRMACHER, V., additional, SCHMALSTIEG, F.C., additional, SCHMIDTKE, JON R., additional, SCHOLLE, H., additional, SCHRIEBER, A.D., additional, SCHUBERT, RICHARD D., additional, SEGEL, G.B., additional, SELL, STEWART, additional, SHALLER, C., additional, SHARON, N., additional, SHEA, MARY, additional, SHEEHAN, JAMES M., additional, SHEPPARD, HAYNES W., additional, SHEPPARD, J.R., additional, SHERIDAN, JOHN, additional, SHEVACH, ETHAN M., additional, SHIFRINE, M., additional, SHIFTAN, THOMAS A., additional, SHORE, STEVEN L., additional, SIMMONS, RICHARD L., additional, SMITH, ALAN, additional, SMITH, TERRILL K., additional, SOULILLOU, J.P., additional, SPECKART, STEPHEN F., additional, SPELLMAN, CRAIG W., additional, STEGGEMANN, LUDWIG, additional, STEINMAN, L., additional, STEJSKAL, VERA, additional, STEWART, CARLETON C., additional, STITES, DANIEL P., additional, ST. LOUIS, G., additional, STOBO, J.D., additional, STOECK, MICHAEL, additional, STRAUSS, PHYLLIS R., additional, STROBER, W., additional, STROM, TERRY B., additional, SULLIVAN, ARTHUR K., additional, SUNDSMO, J.S., additional, SUTCLIFFE, MARILYN C., additional, SUTHANTHIRAN, M., additional, SWART, A.C.W., additional, TAYLOR, CLIVE R., additional, TEITELBAUM, D., additional, TEODORESCU, MARIUS, additional, TERMIJTELEN, A., additional, THESTRUP-PEDERSEN, KRISTIAN, additional, LE THI, HIEN, additional, THOMAS, DAVID W., additional, THORBECKE, G.J., additional, THORSBY, ERIK, additional, THURMAN, GARY B., additional, TILL, GERD, additional, TILNEY, N.L., additional, TOIVANEN, PAAVO, additional, TOMASI, THOMAS B., additional, TOUTON, M., additional, TRAININ, N., additional, TREFTS, PARK E., additional, TROWBRIDGE, SIDNEYE, additional, TRUFFA-BACHI, PAULO, additional, UBELS-POSTMA, JOSÉ, additional, UMIEL, T., additional, VAN BEKKUM, D.W., additional, VAN DE BERG, TINEKE, additional, VAN DEN TWEEL, JAN G., additional, VAN DEN WESTEN, GERARD, additional, VAN HEES, MARITA, additional, VAN OERS, M.H.J., additional, VAN ROOD, J.J., additional, VOGT, W., additional, WAKSMAN, B.H., additional, WALDMANN, T.A., additional, WALKER, WILLIAM S., additional, WALLON, CH., additional, WARE, CARL F., additional, WEBB, S.R., additional, WEBER, W.T., additional, WEDNER, H.J., additional, WERNET, P., additional, WEST, WILLIAM H., additional, WHISLER, R.L., additional, WIESINGER, DOROTHEE, additional, WIGZELL, HANS, additional, WILCOX, C., additional, WILSON, F.D., additional, WINKELSTEIN, A., additional, WOOD, DAVID D., additional, WOODWARD, JEROLD G., additional, WRIGHT, S.C., additional, YEN, BELINDA, additional, YOSHIDA, TAKESHI, additional, YU, DAVID TAK YAN, additional, ZEIJLEMAKER, W.P., additional, ZICCA, A., additional, ZIER, KAREN, additional, and ZIMMERMANN, RITA, additional

Published
1977
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3. Interleukin-6 Contributes to the Development of Anemia in Juvenile CKD.

Author

Akchurin O, Patino E, Dalal V, Meza K, Bhatia D, Brovender S, Zhu YS, Cunningham-Rundles S, Perelstein E, Kumar J, Rivella S, and Choi ME

Abstract

Introduction: Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children; however, the role of inflammation in its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood., Methods: To elucidate the role of interleukin (IL)-6 in renal anemia, we induced CKD by adenine diet in juvenile wild-type (WT) and IL-6 deficient ( Il6 KO) mice, and examined serum IL-6 and relevant parameters in children with CKD., Results: WT-CKD mice developed anemia despite increases in serum erythropoietin and displayed low serum iron and elevated serum IL-6. IL-6 deficiency resulted in a significant improvement of red blood cell count and hemoglobin in CKD mice. This effect was associated with improvement of hypoferremia by Il6 deletion, likely mediated by hepcidin. However, correction of hypoferremia by oral iron supplementation in WT-CKD mice did not fully replicate the protective effects of Il6 deletion, suggesting an additional iron-independent role for IL-6 in CKD-anemia. Indeed, Il6 deletion mitigated the severity of renal fibrosis and alleviated relative erythropoietin insufficiency in CKD mice. Cytokine profiling in a pediatric CKD cohort demonstrated that of 10 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon-γ), only IL-6 was significantly (inversely) associated with hemoglobin when adjusted for glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The association between IL-6 and hemoglobin in children with CKD remained significant after adjustment for CKD stage, iron therapy, and hepcidin., Discussion: IL-6 contributes to development of anemia in juvenile CKD, through mechanisms that include induction of hypoferremia, aggravation of renal fibrosis, and alteration of the erythropoietin axis. IL-6 appears to be a promising therapeutic target in the management of CKD-anemia.

Published
2018
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4. Outcomes 5 years after response to rituximab therapy in children and adults with immune thrombocytopenia.

Author

Patel VL, Mahévas M, Lee SY, Stasi R, Cunningham-Rundles S, Godeau B, Kanter J, Neufeld E, Taube T, Ramenghi U, Shenoy S, Ward MJ, Mihatov N, Patel VL, Bierling P, Lesser M, Cooper N, and Bussel JB

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunologic Factors therapeutic use, Immunotherapy methods, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Rituximab, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived therapeutic use, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic therapy
Abstract

Treatments for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) providing durable platelet responses without continued dosing are limited. Whereas complete responses (CRs) to B-cell depletion in ITP usually last for 1 year in adults, partial responses (PRs) are less durable. Comparable data do not exist for children and 5-year outcomes are unavailable. Patients with ITP treated with rituximab who achieved CRs and PRs (platelets > 150 × 10(9)/L or 50-150 × 10(9)/L, respectively) were selected to be assessed for duration of their response; 72 adults whose response lasted at least 1 year and 66 children with response of any duration were included. Patients had baseline platelet counts < 30 × 10(9)/L; 95% had ITP of > 6 months in duration. Adults and children each had initial overall response rates of 57% and similar 5-year estimates of persisting response (21% and 26%, respectively). Children did not relapse after 2 years from initial treatment whereas adults did. Initial CR and prolonged B-cell depletion predicted sustained responses whereas prior splenectomy, age, sex, and duration of ITP did not. No novel or substantial long-term clinical toxicity was observed. In summary, 21% to 26% of adults and children with chronic ITP treated with standard-dose rituximab maintained a treatment-free response for at least 5 years without major toxicity. These results can inform clinical decision-making.

Published
2012
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5. Algal docosahexaenoic acid affects plasma lipoprotein particle size distribution in overweight and obese adults.

Author

Neff LM, Culiner J, Cunningham-Rundles S, Seidman C, Meehan D, Maturi J, Wittkowski KM, Levine B, and Breslow JL

Subjects
Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Dietary Supplements, Docosahexaenoic Acids therapeutic use, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Interleukin-10 blood, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity drug therapy, Particle Size, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Risk Factors, Triglycerides blood, Young Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases blood, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Docosahexaenoic Acids pharmacology, Lipoproteins blood, Obesity blood, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Rhodophyta chemistry
Abstract

Fish oils containing both EPA and DHA have been shown to have beneficial cardiovascular effects, but less is known about the independent effects of DHA. This study was designed to examine the effects of DHA on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and other biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in the absence of weight loss. In this randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, 36 overweight or obese adults were treated with 2 g/d of algal DHA or placebo for 4.5 mo. Markers of cardiovascular risk were assessed before and after treatment. In the DHA-supplemented group, the decrease in mean VLDL particle size (P ≤ 0.001) and increases in mean LDL (P ≤ 0.001) and HDL (P ≤ 0.001) particle sizes were significantly greater than changes in the placebo group. DHA supplementation also increased the concentrations of large LDL (P ≤ 0.001) and large HDL particles (P = 0.001) and decreased the concentrations of small LDL (P = 0.009) and medium HDL particles (P = 0.001). As calculated using NMR-derived data, DHA supplementation reduced VLDL TG (P = 0.009) and total TG concentrations (P = 0.006). Plasma IL-10 increased with DHA supplementation to a greater extent than placebo (P = 0.021), but no other significant changes were observed in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, or markers of inflammation with DHA. In summary, DHA supplementation resulted in potentially beneficial changes in some markers of cardiometabolic risk, whereas other markers were unchanged.

Published
2011
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6. Bone loss caused by iron overload in a murine model: importance of oxidative stress.

Author

Tsay J, Yang Z, Ross FP, Cunningham-Rundles S, Lin H, Coleman R, Mayer-Kuckuk P, Doty SB, Grady RW, Giardina PJ, Boskey AL, and Vogiatzi MG

Subjects
Acetylcysteine therapeutic use, Animals, Antioxidants therapeutic use, Bone and Bones drug effects, Bone and Bones metabolism, Bone and Bones pathology, Iron Overload chemically induced, Iron Overload metabolism, Iron-Dextran Complex, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Osteoporosis drug therapy, Osteoporosis metabolism, Osteoporosis pathology, Iron Overload complications, Osteoporosis etiology, Oxidative Stress
Abstract

Osteoporosis is a frequent problem in disorders characterized by iron overload, such as the thalassemias and hereditary hemochromatosis. The exact role of iron in the development of osteoporosis in these disorders is not established. To define the effect of iron excess in bone, we generated an iron-overloaded mouse by injecting iron dextran at 2 doses into C57/BL6 mice for 2 months. Compared with the placebo group, iron-overloaded mice exhibited dose-dependent increased tissue iron content, changes in bone composition, and trabecular and cortical thinning of bone accompanied by increased bone resorption. Iron-overloaded mice had increased reactive oxygen species and elevated serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 concentrations that correlated with severity of iron overload. Treatment of iron-overloaded mice with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented the development of trabecular but not cortical bone abnormalities. This is the first study to demonstrate that iron overload in mice results in increased bone resorption and oxidative stress, leading to changes in bone microarchitecture and material properties and thus bone loss.

Published
2010
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8. Intravenous anti-D treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura: experience in 272 patients.

Author

Scaradavou A, Woo B, Woloski BM, Cunningham-Rundles S, Ettinger LJ, Aledort LM, and Bussel JB

Subjects
Adult, Autoimmune Diseases immunology, Autoimmune Diseases surgery, Child, Child, Preschool, Combined Modality Therapy, Disease Progression, Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic, Female, HIV Infections complications, Hemolysis drug effects, Hemolysis immunology, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Male, Platelet Count, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic immunology, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic immunology, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic surgery, Rho(D) Immune Globulin administration & dosage, Safety, Splenectomy, Treatment Outcome, Autoimmune Diseases therapy, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic therapy, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic therapy, Rho(D) Immune Globulin therapeutic use
Abstract

We report the results of intravenous anti-D (WinRho, WinRho SD) therapy in 261 non-splenectomized patients treated at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center over the period from 1987 to 1994. Children (n = 124) and adult patients (n = 137) with classic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP; n = 156) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related thrombocytopenia (n = 105) and acute (n = 75) or chronic (n = 186) disease at the time of the initial anti-D treatment were studied. In addition, 11 previously splenectomized patients were treated as a separate group. Our objectives were to evaluate the following. (1) Efficacy of anti-D: The response after the initial infusion was analyzed according to clinical parameters, such as patient's age, HIV status, gender, disease duration, pretreatment platelet count, and hemoglobin value, as well as treatment-related factors, including the dose of anti-D, the solvent detergent treatment of the preparation, and the type of administration. (2) Use of anti-D as maintenance therapy: The duration of response after the initial infusion and the results of subsequent treatments were evaluated. (3) Safety/toxicity of anti-D: Postinfusion reactions and hemoglobin decrease after treatment were studied. Anti-D is a safe treatment providing a hemostatic platelet increase in greater than 70% of the Rh+ non-splenectomized patients. The group with the best results is HIV- children, but all patient groups respond and the effect lasts more than 21 days in 50% of the responders. Duration of response is not influenced by HIV status; furthermore, HIV+ patients show no adverse effects on hemoglobin decrease or HIV disease progression. Patients with chronic ITP after splenectomy have minimal or no response to intravenous anti-D.

Published
1997

9. Micronutrient and cytokine interaction in congenital pediatric HIV infection.

Author

Cunningham-Rundles S, Kim SH, Dnistrian A, Noroski L, Menendez-Botet C, Grassey CB, Hinds G, and Cervia JS

Subjects
Child, Growth Disorders etiology, HIV Infections blood, HIV Infections immunology, Humans, Infant, Vitamin A Deficiency etiology, HIV Infections congenital, Micronutrients analysis, Nutritional Status, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha analysis
Abstract

Malnutrition is a frequent manifestation of HIV infection that has received comparatively little attention despite growing clinical importance with improved treatment and lengthened survival times. Fundamental relationships and mechanisms of HIV viral interaction in nutrient metabolism remain to be established. In an attempt to begin to fill the void of information relative to pediatric HIV infection, we have summarized the extant knowledge with regard to micronutrients and present some of the data from studies performed in our laboratory. Previous studies have shown both that vitamin A deficiency is associated with increased mortality in HIV+ intravenous drug users and that maternal vitamin A deficiency is a risk factor for transmission in congenital exposure. Our most significant finding is that 70% of children congenitally exposed to HIV are vitamin A-deficient in the first months of life compared to age-matched controls whether they are HIV-infected or not. About 25% of our patient population was found to have growth or developmental delay, frequently without other signs of progression and in the presence of an intact T-cell compartment. In addition, we found evidence of cytokine imbalance, specifically elevated plasma levels of TNF which has been implicated in loss of lean body mass. Inflammatory reactions in the mucosa and increased TNF production in association with regional HIV infection may compromise gastrointestinal absorption. Based on the review of the literature and our research findings, it is clear that understanding the interaction between nutrients and both the regional and systemic immune system is vital for intervention and effective nutrient repletion in congenital HIV infection.

Published
1996
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11. Transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency with HLA-A,B,D,DR incompatible parental marrow cells fractionated by soybean agglutinin and sheep red blood cells.

Author

Reisner Y, Kapoor N, Kirkpatrick D, Pollack MS, Cunningham-Rundles S, Dupont B, Hodes MZ, Good RA, and O'Reilly RJ

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Histocompatibility, Humans, Infant, Lectins immunology, Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed, Lymphocyte Depletion, Male, Phenotype, Rosette Formation, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes therapy
Abstract

Three patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) received transplants of HLA haplotype-mismatched parental bone marrow depleted of T lymphocytes by differential agglutination with soybean agglutinin (SBA) and subsequent E-rosette depletion. Two patients achieved durable engraftment with reconstitution of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Neither of these patients developed graft versus host disease (GVHD). The third patient achieved only a transient engraftment with concomitant development of mitogen-responsive lymphocytes of paternal origin. Our experience indicates that depletion of T lymphocytes by this technique can abrogate the potential of histoincompatible marrow grafts to induce lethal GVHD without limiting immunologic reconstitution. It also provides further evidence of nonimmune mechanisms of graft resistance that may necessitate preparative treatment of patients with SCID before transplantation with HLA-mismatched marrow cells.

Published
1983

12. Lymphocyte transformation in vitro to RII mouse milk antigen among woman with breast disease.

Author

Cunningham-Rundles S, Feller WF, Cunningham-Rundles C, Dupont B, Wanebo H, O'Reilly R, and Good RA

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Animals, Antigens, Viral, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Female, Gammaretrovirus immunology, Humans, Male, Mice immunology, Middle Aged, Antigens, Breast Diseases immunology, Breast Neoplasms immunology, Lymphocyte Activation, Milk immunology
Published
1976
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13. Effects of nutritional status on immunological function.

Author

Cunningham-Rundles S

Subjects
Adult, Antibody Formation, Avitaminosis immunology, Child, Child, Preschool, Dinitrochlorobenzene immunology, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Delayed, Immunity, Cellular, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Iron physiology, Obesity immunology, Phytohemagglutinins, Protein Deficiency immunology, Rosette Formation, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Vitamin B 6 Deficiency immunology, Zinc physiology, Protein-Energy Malnutrition immunology
Published
1982
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