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The objective of this work was to develop, characterize and evaluate the application of active edible films based on gelatin and green tea extract in coating of fresh sausages. The green tea extract showed IC 50 of 0.088 mg/mL and minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.05 mg/mL for Listeria monocytogenes, 0.025 mg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, 0.04 mg/mL for Escherichia coli, and >1.0 mg/mL for Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. The formulation with 15% (w/v) of gelatin and 30% (w/w) of glycerol showed better adhesion and appearance in the coating of the product. When using 1.0% of green tea extract, the lowest IC 50 , was obtained and the antioxidant activity was maintained for 35 days. There was a more accentuated decrease in pH and an increase in acidity and peroxide index in fresh sausages without film compared to those coated with the active film (1.0% of green tea extract) during storage. In addition, it was found that the use of active gelatin film (1.0% of green tea extract) kept the TBARS indexes of fresh sausage samples lower than the standard (without coating) and of films containing only gelatin, after 48 days of storage., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Daniele Hamann, Bruna Maria Saorin Puton, Thais Comin, Rosicler Colet, Eunice Valduga, Jamile Zeni, Juliana Steffens, Geciane Toniazzo Backes, Rogério Luis Cansian., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the early results of gingival recession in patients with Class II malocclusion treated with Class II intermaxillary elastics and the Twin Force appliance., Methods: The sample comprised 55 patients with Class II malocclusion treated without extraction and divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 23 patients treated with fixed appliances and Class II elastics, with mean initial age of 15.41 ± 5.65 years and a mean treatment time of 3.11 ± 0.91 years. Group 2 consisted of 32 patients treated with fixed appliances and the Twin Force mandibular protraction appliance, with a mean initial age of 18.45 ± 6.63 years and a mean treatment time of 3.17 ± 1.59 years. Dolphin software measured gingival recession in initial and final intraoral photographs. Initial and final lateral cephalograms were used to measure the position of the mandibular incisors. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were performed by dependent and independent t tests, respectively., Results: In both groups, there was no significant increase in gingival recession with orthodontic treatment, and there was significant protrusion and buccal inclination of the mandibular incisors. When changes with treatment were compared between the groups, there was no statistically significant difference in gingival recession and mandibular incisor position., Conclusions: There was no significant increase in gingival recession immediately after orthodontic treatment performed with intermaxillary elastics and the Twin Force appliance., (Copyright © 2022 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)