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Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes traditional medicine's diverse practices, including herbal remedies, as a significant component of global healthcare. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), originating over 3,000 years ago, incorporates herbal medicine, acupuncture, and other techniques. The term ''carminative'' is derived from the Latin word ''carminare,'' meaning to cleanse. Carminatives can reduce lower esophageal pressure, thereby potentially increasing the susceptibility to gastroesophageal reflux disease or heartburn. Methods: The online databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using different via keywords: Carminatives, Chinese herb, and Herbal. The objective of this review was to provide a concise summary of the herbal ingredients that have been previously documented for their gastro-stimulating properties in carminative products. Results: Medicinal plants are widely recognized as a crucial and valuable resource for the development of pharmaceutical products. These herbal products possess carminative properties and offer additional health benefits in a wide range of therapeutic uses of carminative like as Anti-microbial, Diuretic, Irritable bowel syndrome, etc. Discussion: With the increasing global interest in natural medicines, there is a potential for higher demand for TCM as carminatives. Novel formulations with a blend of TCM can be created to improve their effectiveness and convenience. This review can provide chances for more research and increase understanding of TCM for usage as a carminative. Conclusion: In conclusion traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) incorporates herbal remedies, like those with carminative properties, to address gastrointestinal discomfort and promote overall well-being. TCM's global popularity reflects its effectiveness in integrating herbal medicine, acupuncture, and other techniques. The use of carminatives in TCM aligns with their historical role in relieving digestive issues and promoting balance in bodily humors.

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EuO) is a traditional Chinese herb with effects on repairing disorders of liver lipid metabolism and enhancing immunity in mice. In this study, the effects of EuO on immune enhancement and liver protection of M. salmoides were tested by adding 3% EuO to a high-starch diet and were evaluated by histopathology, enzymology, flow cytometry, and molecular biology. The results showed that the high starch diet promoted hepatocytes apoptosis, damaged the liver, and led to impaired immune function. However, the integrality of liver was recoverd, innate response was enhanced, hepatocyte apoptosis was inhibited, and antioxidant capacity was improved after treatment with EuO. These findings reveal that EuO could improve the immune function while also repairing the M. salmoides liver injury induced by a high starch diet. This study provides a theoretical basis for EuO to solve the liver disease of M. salmoides caused by a high starch diet.

ABSTRACT: This experiment examined the separate and combined effects of daidzein (Da) and Chinese herbs (CH) on laying performance and egg quality of post-peak laying hens. Additionally, we explored potential mechanisms of action for these 2 additives by examining plasma hormone levels. After 4 wk of acclimation to caging, 60-week-old Hyline Brown hens (360) were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates and 15 chickens per replicate. The following 4 dietary groups were utilized: 1) control group (basal diet); 2) Da group (basal diet + 0.03 kg/t DA); 3) CH group (basal diet +0.6 kg/t CH); 4) Da + CH group (basal diet + 0.03 kg/t Da + 0.6 kg/t CH). Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Egg production and FCR treatment averages were analyzed in the following 3 phases: wk 1-4, 5-8, and 1-8 of treatment administration. Results revealed that Da increased egg production but decreased FCR (P < 0.05) for wk 1-8 and especially during wk 5-8 (P < 0.05). CH decreased FCR in wk 1-4 and 5-8 (P < 0.05), but increased egg production only during wk 5-8 (P < 0.05). Da increased Haugh units (P < 0.05) on wk 4 and 8; CH increased Haugh units (P < 0.05) but decreased yolk ratio (P < 0.05) on wk 4 and 8. Da increased the plasma levels of T3, PROG, FSH, LH and E2 (P < 0.05); CH increased the plasma level of T3 (P < 0.05). Additionally, Da x CH interactions existed for albumen height, Haugh units, albumen ratio and the level of T3 on wk 8 (P < 0.05), indicating that the combination of Da and CH was more effective than administration of either of these dietary components independently. In conclusion, Da and CH, both independently and in combination, increase laying performance, egg quality and plasma hormones levels in post-peak laying hens. Therefore, these treatments may be able to provide prolonged economic benefits to aged laying hens.

The variety and content of phenolic acids and flavonoids in a Chinese herb Rhinacanthus nasutus were determined by developing an HPLC method coupled with photodiode-array-detection and tandem-mass-spectrometry. A high yield of phenolic acids and flavonoids was obtained using 30% ethanol-in-water and shaking in 60 °C water-bath for 3 h. By employing a C18 column and gradient mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid-in-water and acetonitrile, a total of 20 phenolic acids and 3 flavonoids were separated within 45 min with detection at 280 nm, flow rate at 0.8 mL/min and column temperature at 35 °C. Internal standards vanillic acid and quercetin were used for quantitation of phenolic acids and flavonoids in R. nasutus, respectively, which included caffeic acid derivatives (6.40 mg/g), quercetin derivatives (4.43 mg/g), ferulic acid derivatives (3.20 mg/g), p-coumaric acid derivatives (1.63 mg/g), sinapic acid hexoside (1.11 mg/g), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (1.02 mg/g), hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (0.44 mg/g) and protocatechuic acid (0.39 mg/g).

This experiment examined the separate and combined effects of daidzein (Da) and Chinese herbs (CH) on laying performance and egg quality of post-peak laying hens. Additionally, we explored potential mechanisms of action for these 2 additives by examining plasma hormone levels. After 4 wk of acclimation to caging, 60-week-old Hyline Brown hens (360) were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates and 15 chickens per replicate. The following 4 dietary groups were utilized: 1) control group (basal diet); 2) Da group (basal diet + 0.03 kg/t DA); 3) CH group (basal diet +0.6 kg/t CH); 4) Da + CH group (basal diet + 0.03 kg/t Da + 0.6 kg/t CH). Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Egg production and FCR treatment averages were analyzed in the following 3 phases: wk 1-4, 5-8, and 1-8 of treatment administration. Results revealed that Da increased egg production but decreased FCR (P < 0.05) for wk 1-8 and especially during wk 5-8 (P < 0.05). CH decreased FCR in wk 1-4 and 5-8 (P < 0.05), but increased egg production only during wk 5-8 (P < 0.05). Da increased Haugh units (P < 0.05) on wk 4 and 8; CH increased Haugh units (P < 0.05) but decreased yolk ratio (P < 0.05) on wk 4 and 8. Da increased the plasma levels of T3, PROG, FSH, LH and E2 (P < 0.05); CH increased the plasma level of T3 (P < 0.05). Additionally, Da x CH interactions existed for albumen height, Haugh units, albumen ratio and the level of T3 on wk 8 (P < 0.05), indicating that the combination of Da and CH was more effective than administration of either of these dietary components independently. In conclusion, Da and CH, both independently and in combination, increase laying performance, egg quality and plasma hormones levels in post-peak laying hens. Therefore, these treatments may be able to provide prolonged economic benefits to aged laying hens., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Twenty-four compounds, including the previously unknown artoxanthocarpuone A, artoxanthocarpuone B, hydroxylakoochin A, methoxylakoochin A, epoxylakoochin A, and artoxanthol, were isolated and characterized spectroscopically. Among them, artoxanthol is stilbene oligomer presumably constructed in a 5,11,12-triphenyl hexahydrochrysene scaffold by a Diels-Alder type of reaction, for which a biosynthetic pathway is proposed. Artoxanthol, alboctalol, steppogenin, norartocarpetin, resveratrol, oxyresveratrol, and chlorophorin potently inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity with IC50 values from 0.9 to 5.7 μM that were all far stronger than the positive controls. Artoxanthocarpuone A, artoxanthocarpuone B, methoxylakoochin A, lakoochin A, cudraflavone C, artonin A, resveratrol, and chlorophorin reduced tyrosinase activity and inhibited α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells without affecting cell proliferation. Collectively, the results suggest that the constituents of Artocarpus xanthocarpus have potential to be used as depigmentation agents., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Tartarian Buckwheat is an effective hypoglycemic medicinal herb. Its main active ingredients are flavonoids. We report here 5 cases of new onset polyneuropathy with dyskinesia prospectively induced by tartarian buckwheat products. Clinical and electrophysiological evidence along with laboratory tests were reviewed and analyzed. All patients were male, with an average age of 52.2 ± 10.9 years old (range: 40-66 years) and had a recent history of using tartarian buckwheat for diabetes therapy. The average time of use was 2.5 ± 1.0 months (range: 1.5-4 months). The average duration of the clinical course was 0.9 ± 0.2 months (range: 0.5-1 months). Symptoms included numbness and weakness of the limbs (5/5, 100%), hoarseness (4/5, 80%), dysphagia (1/5, 20%), bilateral facial paralysis (1/5, 20%), urinary disorders (3/5, 60%) and gonadal abnormality (4/4, 100%). Nerve conduction studies suggested more severe damages in motor nerves than sensory nerves. All the patients showed abnormality on Von Frey filaments determination. Hence, tartarian buckwheat products may cause toxic peripheral nerve lesion and the use of herbal medication needs to be better regulated and closely monitored., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)