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Background: Ruptured finger distal interphalangeal (DIP) collateral ligament is a rare injury, with controversial treatment until the present. Our case series aimed to demonstrate feasible surgical intervention using a mini anchor., Methods: The present study includes four patients with ruptured finger DIP collateral ligaments who received primary repair in a single institute. They have suffered from joint instability due to ligament loss caused by infection, motorcycle accidents, and work-related accidents. All patients were operated on similarly using a 1.0 mm mini anchor for ligament reattachment., Results: The finger DIP joint range of motion (ROM) was documented in all patients during follow-up. Joint ROM recovered to almost normal degrees, and the pinch strength recovered to > 90% compared to the contralateral side in all patients. Additionally, collateral ligament re-rupture, DIP joint subluxation or re-dislocation, and infection were not noted during follow-up., Conclusions: Ruptured finger DIP joint ligament requiring surgery is usually based on a combination with other soft tissue injuries and defects. However, repair with a 1.0 mm mini anchor is a feasible surgical intervention to reattach the ligament with minimal complication., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The author declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Nucleolus is viewed as a plurifunctional center in the cell, tightly linked to ribosome biosynthesis. As a non-membranous structure, how the size of nucleolus is determined is a long outstanding question, and the possibility of "direct size scaling to the nucleus" was raised by genetic studies in fission yeast. Here, we used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to test this hypothesis in multi-cellular organisms. We depleted ani-2, ima-3, or C27D9.1 by RNAi feeding, which altered embryo sizes to different extents in ncl-1 mutant worms. DIC imaging provided evidence that in size-altering embryo nucleolar size decreases in small cells and increases in large cells. Furthermore, analyses of nucleolar size in four blastomeres (ABa, ABp, EMS, and P2) within the same embryo of ncl-1 mutants consistently demonstrated the correspondence between cell and nucleolar sizes - the small cells (EMS and P2) have smaller nucleoli in comparison to the large cells (ABa)., (Copyright © 2018 Chang Gung University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)