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Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the relationship of biogenic amines to behavior. Biogenic amines exist in brain and localized within specific neural pathways. The importance of brain catecholamines to the maintenance of self-stimulation of brain is supported by anatomical, neurochemical, and pharmacological data. Catecholamine hypothesis of self-stimulation showed that responding was increased in animals treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and amphetamine but reduced by compounds that depleted brain catecholamine. In addition to depleting both catecholamines, 6-hydroxydopamineindicates that relatively selective reductions of norepinephrine or dopamine can be produced either by giving multiple small intracisternal injections of 6-OHDA to reduce norepinephrine or by treating rats with desipramine intraperitoneally prior to 6-hydroxydopamine administration to deplete dopamine.