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Start Over Author "Barbara A. Gilchrest" Publisher elsevier
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2. Section Editors

Author

Sherleen Chen, Bradford C. Dickerson, M. Brian Fennerty, John A. Fromson, Barbara A. Gilchrest, Michael D. Katz, Lisa Kaufmann, Michael Klompas, Patricia Kritek, and Ana Maria López

Published
2010

3. Leg Ulcer

Author

Cynthia A. O'Neil and Barbara A. Gilchrest

Published
2010

5. Contributors

Author

Louis R. Amundsen, Cheryl Anderson, Susan Barker, John O. Barr, The late E. Frederick Barrick, Margaret Basiliadis, Randy Berger Ugent, Richard W. Bohannon, Michelle Bolton, Jennifer M. Bottomley, Mark A. Brimer, Stephen Brunton, Eli Carmeli, Blaine Carmichael, Mary M. Checovich, Ronni Chernoff, Charles D. Ciccone, Meryl Cohen, Anita S.W. Craig, Joanne Dalgleish, Carol M. Davis, Gordon Dickinson, Joan E. Edelstein, Reenie Euhardy, Michael Fischer, Walter R. Frontera, Wade S. Gamber, Emily L. Germain-Lee, Barbara A. Gilchrest, Deborah Gold, Stephen A. Gudas, Brenda Hage, Patricia A. Hageman, June E. Hanks, Marilia Harumi Higuchi dos Santos, Barry Hull, Osa Jackson Schulte, Robert R. Karpman, Benjamin W. Kauffman, Beth E. Kauffman, Timothy L. Kauffman, Dennis W. Klima, Edmund M. Kosmahl, Lars Larsson, Megan Laughlin, Rolando T. Lazaro, Sandra J. Levi, David Levine, Rosanne W. Lewis, Dario G. Liebermann, Carleen Lindsey, Mark V. Lombardi, Katie Lundon, Michelle M. Lusardi, Zoran Maric, Carolyn Marshall, Jeff A. Martin, David C. Martin, P. Christopher Metzger, Molly Mika, Marilyn E. Miller, Stephen E. Mock, Michael Moran, Richard Mowrer, Dominique Noë Long, Caroline O'Connell, S. Scott Paist, Alexandra Papaioannou, David Patrick, Clive Perry, Steven Pheasant, The late Lynn Phillippi, Randolph Rasch, Pamela Reynolds, James K. Richardson, Jodi Robinson, Anita Alonte Roma, Maureen Romanow Pascal, Bruce P. Rosenthal, John Sanko, Jane K. Schroeder, Ron Scott, James Siberski, Everett L. Smith, Christine Stabler, William H. Staples, Emma K. Stokes, Hilmar H.G. Stracke, Lisa Tews, LaDora V. Thompson, Eeric Truumees, Darcy A. Umphred, Pamela G. Unger, Kristin von Nieda, Chris L. Wells, Mary Ann Wharton, Susan L. Whitney, and Diane M. Wrisley

Published
2007

6. Skin disorders

Author

Randy Berger and Barbara A. Gilchrest

Subjects
business.industry, Medicine, business
Published
2007

7. Contributors

Author

Bilal Ahmed, Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Lodovico Balducci, Stefania Bandinelli, Steven R. Barczi, Rebecca J. Beyth, Neil Binkley, Suzanne F. Bradley, Thomas V. Caprio, Ashok C. Choithani, Mary E. Cohan, Harvey Jay Cohen, Eric A. Coleman, Charles N. Cornell, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Ellen Danto-Nocton, Faith B. Davis, Paul J. Davis, Kathryn M. Denson, Ananias C. Diokno, Kulwinder S. Dua, Erin Duecy, Edmund H. Duthie, Carmel Bitondo Dyer, Rebecca D. Elon, Luigi Ferrucci, David C. Foster, Barbara A. Gilchrest, Emilio B. Gonzalez, James S. Goodwin, Ihab Hajjar, Jack M. Guralnik, Willam J. Hall, Karen E. Hansen, Linda A. Hershey, Elizabeth S. Hile, Helen Hoenig, Jay B. Hollander, Timothy Howell, Phuog N. Huynh, Timothy M. Juergens, Fran E. Kaiser, Marshall B. Kapp, Jurgis Karuza, Paul R. Katz, Timothy R. Koch, Christopher Koh, Matthew C. Leinung, Jeffrey M. Lyness, William L. Lyons, Scott L. Mader, Michael L. Malone, Edward R. Marcantonio, Frederick J. Marshall, Gregory J. McCormick, Larry Medwetsky, Michelle Muller Mehta, Marcos L. Montagnini, Robert M. Palmer, Sanjeevkumar R. Patel, Kurt J. Pfeifer, Janice Kuiper Pikna, Michael R. Privitera, Arati V. Rao, Willam E. Reichman, James L. Rudolph, Thomas P. Sculco, James L. Sebastian, Reza Shaker, Kenneth Shay, Ronald I. Shorr, Michael J. Siebers, Gwen K. Sterns, Stephanie A. Studenski, Theodore T. Suh, Jack Twersky, Art Walaszek, Jocelyn Wiggins, and T. Franklin Williams

Published
2007

8. Inducible photoprotection in skin: Evidence for a eukaryotic SOS response

Author

Barbara A. Gilchrest and Mark S. Eller

Subjects
Genetics, integumentary system, DNA repair, DNA damage, Photoaging, Human skin, Biology, medicine.disease, Cell biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Photoprotection, medicine, Mutation frequency, SOS response, DNA
Abstract

Extensive data suggest that human skin and skin-derived cells exhibit an SOS response initiated by DNA damage. This response includes increased pigmentation (tanning), transient cell cycle arrest, and enhanced DNA repair capacity. It appears highly homologous to the SOS response in bacteria, which acts through single stranded DNA fragments to transcriptionally upregulate genes relevant to protecting against subsequent DNA damage. Available data pertain primarily to damage resulting from UV irradiation but chemical carcinogens and X-irradiation also appear effective. The consequence of this SOS response is represented schematically in Figure 8, for which many but not all of the quantitative aspects derive from experimental data, as presented in the preceeding sections. This hypothesis predicts a lower UV-induced mutation frequency in previously (recently) irradiated skin than in previously unirradiated skin, as well as a reduced mutation frequency in pTpT-treated skin in which the dinucleotides have presumably induced the SOS response by mimicking DNA damage or its repair. Indeed, in preliminary experiments, we have recently measured mutation frequency in a reporter vector integrated into the genome of transgenic mice ( Boerrigter et al., 1995 ) and demonstrated that pTpT-pre-treatment, before UV irradiation, reduces UV-induced mutations by approximately half in cultured mouse fibroblasts and 20–30% in intact mouse skin ( Khlgatian et al., 1999B ), a lesser effect presumably due to poor oligonucleotide absorption through the stratum corneum. Whether this reduction in UV-induced mutations is accomplished solely through increased melanin pigmentation and up-regulation of DNA repair or perhaps also through affecting the duration of the UV-induced cell cycle arrest remains to be determined. Regardless, these results suggest that the SOS hypothesis is correct and that topical application of DNA fragments may induce protective functions in human skin without exposure to genotoxins such as UV light. Such reduced formation and hastened removal of potentially mutagenic DNA lesions would be expected to reduce the risk of photoaging and photocarcinogenesis in sun-exposed human skin.

Published
2001

9. Introduction

Author

Barbara A. Gilchrest and Vilhelm A. Bohr

Published
2001

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