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Background: The development of competent professional midwives is a pre-requisite for improving access to skilled attendance at birth and reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. Despite an understanding of the skills and competencies needed to provide high- quality care to women during pregnancy, birth and the post-natal period, there is a marked lack of conformity and standardisation in the approach between countries to the pre-service education of midwives. This paper describes the diversity of pre-service education pathways, qualifications, duration of education programmes and public and private sector provision globally, both within and between country income groups., Methods: We present data from 107 countries based on survey responses from an International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) member association survey conducted in 2020, which included questions on direct entry and post-nursing midwifery education programmes., Findings: Our findings confirm that there is complexity in midwifery education in many countries, which is concentrated in low -and middle-income countries (LMICS). On average, LMICs have a greater number of education pathways and shorter duration of education programmes. They are less likely to attain the ICM-recommended minimum duration of 36 months for direct entry. Low- and lower-middle income countries also rely more heavily on the private sector for provision of midwifery education., Conclusion: More evidence is needed on the most effective midwifery education programmes in order to enable countries to focus resources where they can be best utilised. A greater understanding is needed of the impact of diversity of education programmes on health systems and the midwifery workforce., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Caroline Homer declares she is the current Editor-in-Chief of Women & Birth but took no part in the peer review of the manuscript. One of the Associate Editors managed this process. All other authors have no further conflicts to declare., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To examine the accuracy of birth counts for two remote Aboriginal communities in the Top End of the Northern Territory., Methods: We compared livebirth counts from community birth records with birth registration numbers and perinatal counts., Results: For 2004-06, for Community 1, there were 204 recorded local livebirths, 190 birth registrations and 172 livebirths in perinatal data. In Community 2, the counts were 244, 222 and 208, respectively. The mean annual number of babies, indicating service requirements for babies and their mothers, ranged from 57 to 68 (depending on source) in Community 1, and from 69 to 81 in Community 2. Most differences were for births to Aboriginal mothers. Births to 'visitors' accounted for 16 births in Community 1 and 30 cases in Community 2., Conclusion: Birth registration and perinatal data apparently underestimate community birth counts at a local level. Mobility of Aboriginal women seems to partly explain this., Implications: The differences in birth counts have important implications for local planning in relation to demand on housing, health and education services. The number of births is also a critical data requirement for measuring infant health status, including mortality rates, with measures of disadvantage strongly influenced by the number of births. Aboriginal mobility is not a 'data problem', but an integral part of Aboriginal life that needs to be catered for in administrative data collections in the Northern Territory., (© 2012 The Authors. ANZJPH © 2012 Public Health Association of Australia.)

Objective: There are challenges in delivering maternal and infant health (MIH) care to remote Northern Territory (NT) communities. These include fragmented care with birthing in regional hospitals resulting in cultural and geographical dislocation for Aboriginal women. Many NT initiatives are aimed at improving care. Indicators for evaluating these for remote Aboriginal mothers and infants need to be clearer. We reviewed existing indicators to inform a set of pragmatic indicators for reporting improvement in remote MIH care., Methods: Scientific databases and grey literature (organisational websites and Google Scholar) were searched using the terms 'Aboriginal/maternal/infant/remote health/monitoring performance'. Key stakeholders identified omitted indicators sets. Relevant sets were reviewed and organised by indicator type, stage of patient journey, topic and theme., Results: Forty-two indicators sets were found. Seven focused on Aboriginal health, 23 on reproductive/maternal health, eight on child/infant health and four on other aspects, e.g. remote health. We identified more than 1,000 individual indicators. Of these, 656 were relevant for our purpose and were subsequently organised into 300 topics and 16 themes for antenatal, birth and postpartum, and infant care by indicator type., Conclusion: There are many measures for monitoring health care delivery to mothers and infants. Few are framed around remote MIH services, despite poorer health outcomes of remote mothers and infants and the specific challenges with providing care in this setting. Establishing relevant indicators is vital to support relevant data collection and the development of appropriate policy for remote Aboriginal maternal and infant care.