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15 results on '"Applied Veterinary Research"'

1. Toxoplasma gondii in stranded marine mammals from the North Sea and Eastern Atlantic Ocean: Findings and diagnostic difficulties

Author

van de Velde, Norbert, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Leopold, Mardik, Begeman, Lineke, IJsseldijk, Lonneke, Hiemstra, Sjoukje, IJzer, Jooske, Brownlow, Andrew, Davison, Nicholas, Haelters, Jan, Jauniaux, Thierry, Siebert, Ursula, Dorny, Pierre, De Craeye, Stéphane, dPB I&I, Applied Veterinary Research, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, Virology, dPB I&I, Applied Veterinary Research, and Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Aquatic Organisms, Antibodies, Protozoan, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Seroprevalence, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 0403 veterinary science, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Direct agglutination test, Parasite hosting, Atlantic Ocean, Mammals, biology, Ecology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 030108 mycology & parasitology, Haemolysis, Caniformia, PCR, MAT, ELISA, North Sea, Lutra, Toxoplasma, IFA, 040301 veterinary sciences, Zoology, Toxoplasma gondii, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Phocoena, 03 medical and health sciences, Onderzoeksformatie, Agglutination Tests, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, Animals, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, General Veterinary, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, DNA, Protozoan, biology.organism_classification, Toxoplasmosis, Animal, Marine mammals, Parasitology, Cetacea, Porpoise, Otters
Abstract

The occurrence of the zoonotic protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in marine mammals remains a poorly understood phenomenon. In this study, samples from 589 marine mammal species and 34 European otters (Lutra lutra), stranded on the coasts of Scotland, Belgium, France, The Netherlands and Germany, were tested for the presence of T. gondii. Brain samples were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of parasite DNA. Blood and muscle fluid samples were tested for specific antibodies using a modified agglutination test (MAT), a commercial multi-species enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Out of 193 animals tested by PCR, only two harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) cerebrum samples, obtained from animals stranded on the Dutch coast, tested positive. The serological results showed a wide variation depending on the test used. Using a cut-off value of 1/40 dilution in MAT, 141 out of 292 animals (41%) were positive. Using IFA, 30 out of 244 tested samples (12%) were positive at a 1/50 dilution. The commercial ELISA yielded 7% positives with a cut-off of the sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio ≥ 50; and 12% when the cut-off was set at S/P ratio ≥ 20. The high number of positives in MAT may be an overestimation due to the high degree of haemolysis of the samples and/or the presence of lipids. The ELISA results could be an underestimation due to the use of a multispecies conjugate. Our results confirm the presence of T. gondii in marine mammals in The Netherlands and show exposure to the parasite in both the North Sea and the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. We also highlight the limitations of the tests used to diagnose T. gondii in stranded marine mammals.

Published
2016
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4. Large amounts of marine debris found in sperm whales stranded along the North Sea coast in early 2016

Author

dPB CR, LS Pathologie, Applied Veterinary Research, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, Unger, Bianca, Rebolledo, Elisa L Bravo, Deaville, Rob, Gröne, Andrea, IJsseldijk, Lonneke L, Leopold, Mardik F, Siebert, Ursula, Spitz, Jérôme, Wohlsein, Peter, Herr, Helena, dPB CR, LS Pathologie, Applied Veterinary Research, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, Unger, Bianca, Rebolledo, Elisa L Bravo, Deaville, Rob, Gröne, Andrea, IJsseldijk, Lonneke L, Leopold, Mardik F, Siebert, Ursula, Spitz, Jérôme, Wohlsein, Peter, and Herr, Helena

Published
2016

5. Toxoplasma gondii in stranded marine mammals from the North Sea and Eastern Atlantic Ocean: Findings and diagnostic difficulties

Author

dPB I&I, Applied Veterinary Research, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, van de Velde, Norbert, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Leopold, Mardik, Begeman, Lineke, IJsseldijk, Lonneke, Hiemstra, Sjoukje, IJzer, Jooske, Brownlow, Andrew, Davison, Nicholas, Haelters, Jan, Jauniaux, Thierry, Siebert, Ursula, Dorny, Pierre, De Craeye, Stéphane, dPB I&I, Applied Veterinary Research, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, van de Velde, Norbert, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Leopold, Mardik, Begeman, Lineke, IJsseldijk, Lonneke, Hiemstra, Sjoukje, IJzer, Jooske, Brownlow, Andrew, Davison, Nicholas, Haelters, Jan, Jauniaux, Thierry, Siebert, Ursula, Dorny, Pierre, and De Craeye, Stéphane

Published
2016

6. Validation of a noninvasive diagnostic tool to verify neuter status in dogs: The urinary FSH to creatinine ratio

Author

Sub Voortplanting, Sub Celbiologisch lab., Sub Endocrinologie, dCSCA AVR, dES/dFAH FR, Applied Veterinary Research, Fertility & Reproduction, Albers-Wolthers, C. H J, de Gier, J., Oei, C. H Y, Schaefers-Okkens, A. C., Kooistra, H. S., Sub Voortplanting, Sub Celbiologisch lab., Sub Endocrinologie, dCSCA AVR, dES/dFAH FR, Applied Veterinary Research, Fertility & Reproduction, Albers-Wolthers, C. H J, de Gier, J., Oei, C. H Y, Schaefers-Okkens, A. C., and Kooistra, H. S.

Published
2016

7. Risk factors related to Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in indoor-housed Dutch dairy goats

Author

dFAH AVR, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, LS Evidence Based Vet Medicine, LS IRAS VPH VV (veterinaire volksgezh.), Applied Veterinary Research, Deng, Huifang, Dam-Deisz, Cecile, Luttikholt, Saskia, Maas, Miriam, Nielen, Mirjam, Swart, Arno, Vellema, Piet, van der Giessen, Joke, Opsteegh, Marieke, dFAH AVR, LS Theoretische Epidemiologie, LS Evidence Based Vet Medicine, LS IRAS VPH VV (veterinaire volksgezh.), Applied Veterinary Research, Deng, Huifang, Dam-Deisz, Cecile, Luttikholt, Saskia, Maas, Miriam, Nielen, Mirjam, Swart, Arno, Vellema, Piet, van der Giessen, Joke, and Opsteegh, Marieke

Published
2016

8. Dynamic computed tomography of the pituitary gland using a single slice scanner in dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism

Author

dPB CR, Applied Veterinary Research, dCSCA AVR, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, Pathologie, Del Magno, Sara, Grinwis, Guy C M, Voorhout, George, Meij, Björn P., dPB CR, Applied Veterinary Research, dCSCA AVR, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, Pathologie, Del Magno, Sara, Grinwis, Guy C M, Voorhout, George, and Meij, Björn P.

Published
2016

9. Ultrasonographic reproductive tract measures and pelvis measures as predictors of pregnancy failure and anestrus in restricted bred beef heifers

Author

dFAH AVR, LS Evidence Based Vet Medicine, Sub GZ Herkauwer, Applied Veterinary Research, Holm, Dietmar E, Nielen, Mirjam, Jorritsma, Ruurd, Irons, Peter C, Thompson, Peter N, dFAH AVR, LS Evidence Based Vet Medicine, Sub GZ Herkauwer, Applied Veterinary Research, Holm, Dietmar E, Nielen, Mirjam, Jorritsma, Ruurd, Irons, Peter C, and Thompson, Peter N

Published
2016

10. Workaholic ferrets: Does a two-chamber consumer demand study give insight in the preferences of laboratory ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)?

Author

dASS BW-2, Behaviour & Welfare, dCSCA AVR, Applied Veterinary Research, Sub 3V Centrum ULS, Sub Gedragskliniek, Vogels en bijzondere dieren, Reijgwart, Marsinah L., Vinke, Claudia M., Hendriksen, Coenraad F.m., Van Der Meer, Miriam, Schoemaker, Nico J., Van Zeeland, Yvonne R.a., dASS BW-2, Behaviour & Welfare, dCSCA AVR, Applied Veterinary Research, Sub 3V Centrum ULS, Sub Gedragskliniek, Vogels en bijzondere dieren, Reijgwart, Marsinah L., Vinke, Claudia M., Hendriksen, Coenraad F.m., Van Der Meer, Miriam, Schoemaker, Nico J., and Van Zeeland, Yvonne R.a.

Published
2015

11. Evaluation of pre-breeding reproductive tract scoring as a predictor of long term reproductive performance in beef heifers

Author

Sub GZ Herkauwer, LS Evidence Based Vet Medicine, Advances in Veterinary Medicine, FAH AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Holm, D E, Nielen, M, Jorritsma, R, Irons, P C, Thompson, P N, Sub GZ Herkauwer, LS Evidence Based Vet Medicine, Advances in Veterinary Medicine, FAH AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Holm, D E, Nielen, M, Jorritsma, R, Irons, P C, and Thompson, P N

Published
2015

12. The validity of a monitoring system based on routinely collected dairy cattle health data relative to a standardized herd check

Author

Infection & Immunity, Applied Veterinary Research, dFAH I&I, dFAH AVR, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, Sub GZ Herkauwer, Brouwer, H, Stegeman, Arjan, Straatsma, J W, Hooijer, Gerrit, van Schaik, Gerdien, Infection & Immunity, Applied Veterinary Research, dFAH I&I, dFAH AVR, LS GZ Landbouwhuisdieren, Sub GZ Herkauwer, Brouwer, H, Stegeman, Arjan, Straatsma, J W, Hooijer, Gerrit, and van Schaik, Gerdien

Published
2015

13. Going with the flow: Tidal influence on the occurrence of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the Marsdiep area, The Netherlands

Author

dPB CR, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Research Groups, Applied Veterinary Research, IJsseldijk, Lonneke L., Camphuysen, Kees C J, Nauw, Janine J., Aarts, Geert, dPB CR, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Research Groups, Applied Veterinary Research, IJsseldijk, Lonneke L., Camphuysen, Kees C J, Nauw, Janine J., and Aarts, Geert

Published
2015

14. Cow-specific risk factors for clinical mastitis in Brazilian dairy cattle

Author

Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, FAH AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Oliveira, C S F, Hogeveen, H, Botelho, A M, Maia, P V, Coelho, S G, Haddad, J P A, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, FAH AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Oliveira, C S F, Hogeveen, H, Botelho, A M, Maia, P V, Coelho, S G, and Haddad, J P A

Published
2015

15. Detection and survival of Toxoplasma gondii in milk and cheese from experimentally infected goats.

Author

Dubey JP, Verma SK, Ferreira LR, Oliveira S, Cassinelli AB, Ying Y, Kwok OC, Tuo W, Chiesa OA, and Jones JL

Subjects
Animals, Cats, Feces parasitology, Female, Goats, Humans, Mice, Oocysts, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Toxoplasma physiology, Toxoplasmosis, Animal parasitology, Cheese parasitology, Food Contamination analysis, Food Parasitology, Milk parasitology, Toxoplasma genetics, Toxoplasma isolation & purification
Abstract

The consumption of unpasteurized goat cheese and goat's milk has been suggested as a risk factor for toxoplasmosis in humans. In the present study, detection and survival of Toxoplasma gondii in milk and cheese was studied by bioassay in mice (milk) and in cats (cheese). Eight goats were inoculated orally with 300 to 10,000 oocysts of T. gondii strain TgGoatUS26. Milk samples were collected daily up to 30 days postinoculation and bioassayed in mice and cats. For mouse bioassay, 50 ml of milk samples were centrifuged, and the sediment was inoculated subcutaneously into mice. Mice were tested for T. gondii infection by seroconversion and by the demonstration of parasites. By mouse bioassay, T. gondii was detected in milk from all eight goats. The T. gondii excretion in milk was intermittent. For cat bioassay, 400 ml (100 ml or more from each goat) of milk from four goats from 6 to 27 days postinoculation were pooled daily, and cheese was made using rennin. Ten grams of cheese was fed daily to four cats, and cat feces were examined for oocyst shedding. One cat fed cheese shed oocysts 7 to 11 days after consuming cheese. Attempts were made to detect T. gondii DNA in milk of four goats; T. gondii was detected by PCR more consistently, but there was no correlation between detection of viable T. gondii by bioassay in mice and T. gondii DNA by PCR. Results indicate that T. gondii can be excreted in goat's milk and can survive in fresh cheese made by cold-enzyme treatment. To prevent transmission to humans or animals, milk should not be consumed raw. Raw fresh goat cheese made by cold-enzyme treatment of unpasteurized milk also should not be consumed.

Published
2014
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