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A rising sustainability concern is occurring in the space sector: 29,000 human-made objects, larger than 10cm are orbiting the Earth but only 6% are operational spacecrafts. Today, space debris is today a significant and constant danger to all space missions. Consequently, it becomes compelled to design new space missions considering End-of-Life requirements in order to ensure the sustainable use of space orbits. Furthermore, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been identified by the European Space Agency as an adequate tool to measure the environmental impact of spacecraft missions. Hence, our challenge is to integrate orbital space use into Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) to broaden the scope of LCA for space systems. The generation of debris in the near-Earth's orbital regions leads to a decrease in volume availability. The Area-of-Protection (AoP) 'resources' seems to be the most relevant reflection of this depletion. To address orbital space use in a comprehensive way, we propose a first attempt at establishing an impact pathway linking outer space use to resources. This framework will be the basis for defining new indicator(s) related to orbital space use., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To study heart rate variability during sleep in children with multiple disabilities in order to observe the behavior of the autonomic nervous system., Methods: The R-R interval variability of 4 to 12 years old children was recorded with a heart rate monitor during one night. Children with multiple disabilities (G1) and healthy children (G2) were compared in time, frequency, and non-linear domains., Results: Temporal (P<0.01), frequency (P<0.05), and non-linear (P<0.01) variables in the G1 were lower than in the G2 group., Discussion: The time and frequency analysis confirmed the predominance of the sympathetic nervous system during sleep in G1 children. Reduced non-linear variables can explain sleep with less informations (correlation dimension: 2.203 ± 1.239 versus 3.842 ± 0.378; P<0.001), less complex cycles of sleep (approximate entropy: 1.153 ± 0.200 versus 1.365 ± 0.099; P<0.01), and a reduced correlation in short-term variability (SD1: 42.37 ± 19.0 (ms) versus 73.44 ± 25.3; P<0.01). The fractal structure of the recordings was not affected (P>0.05). The diseases encountered are probably the reason for these findings, but the variety of disorders and medications of the children with multiple disabilities needs to be studied with a larger and more varied sample., Conclusion: Sympathetic predominance during sleep in children with multiple disabilities is associated with a decrease in adaptive abilities of these children's autonomic nervous system., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

A total of 121 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients diagnosed in Haiti were studied between June 1979 and December 1983. Risk factors were identified in 65% of 34 patients evaluated in a standardized manner since July 1983 and included: bisexuality, 38%; blood transfusion, 21%; and intravenous drug abuse or a spouse with AIDS, 6%. These risk factors were reported by only 20% of the 85 patients studied between June 1979 and June 1983. AIDS patients also reported more frequent parenteral injections prior to the onset of their illness than control subjects (e.g., siblings, friends, sexual partners). Heterosexual activity among female AIDS patients was also greater than in their female controls. It was concluded that, in contrast to the experience reported among Haitians with AIDS in the USA, risk factors are present among most patients with AIDS in Haiti.