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Environmental concerns have initiated the search for greener measures to mitigate pollution issues. Bio Nano CaO was synthesized by reducing CaO extracted from chicken egg shell using tea decoction. The synthesized material was characterized by physico-chemical techniques such as XRD, TGA, BET surface area analyser, TGA and SEM techniques. XRD studied confirmed the crystalline nature of material. The prepared material was found to be stable till 450 ο C from TGA study. The SEM pictures displayed uniform and discrete particles which portrays the high probable sites that maximises the catalytic activity. The optimization of microwave assisted Biodiesel synthesis from chicken feather oil through Transesterification process using the bio-synthesized catalytic material was the main aim of the study. A 500 W microwave irradiation of Chicken feather meal oil using 8:1 Methanol:Oil input, 1% Bio Nano CaO concentration, 5 min of reaction time resulted in 95% conversion of chicken feather meal oil into chicken feather meal methyl esters. The Biodiesel was showed low viscosity (4.15 mm 2 /s), high heating value (50 MJ/kg), high flash point (153 ο C), reasonable pour point (12 ο C) and good cetane number (50 min). The future works will be concentrated on the engine studies related to Torque, fuel consumption, emission data by using the synthesized Biodiesel., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The present research work reports the biosynthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from eggshells and green synthesis of HAp from eggshells with incorporation of Piper betel leaf extract (PBL-HAp) using microwave conversion method. Although there are several works on synthesis of HAp from eggshells and other calcium and phosphorus rich substrates, the incorporation of herbal extract with HAp to promote antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity is less explored and reported. This research work highlights a simple and cost-effective method for development of antimicrobial biomaterials by combining the concepts of waste management, biomaterial science, and herbal medicine. In the present study, characterization of synthesized HAp was applied by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy, and morphological analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The characterization results indicated that the prepared HAp and PBL-HAp were pure b-type carbonated HAp. The PBL-HAp was checked for its antibacterial activity using the well diffusion method and biofilm inhibitory activity by crystal violet assay against some common pathogens. The antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and biofilm inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli, Vibrio harveyi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus of Piper betel leaf extract coated HAp (PBL-HAp) were showed to be significant and offered a promising role for the development of potent dental biomaterials., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The frequent applications of synthetic chemical insecticides and drugs create resistance among insects and microbes, creating a new threat to human and environmental welfare. This investigation focused on evaluating the possibilities of fabricating and characterizing the titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) from titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) through the aqueous leaf extract of Coleus aromaticus. Their biological applications were studied against the larvae of Aedes aegypti human pathogenic bacteria, and cancer cell line. The results revealed that the aqueous leaf extract had the metal reducing proficiency to produce nanoparticles from TiO 2 . The synthesized TiO 2 NPs were initially confirmed by visible color changes and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer analysis that showed a predominant peak at 332 nm. Furthermore, the nanocrystals, structural alignment, functional groups and elemental compositions were studied by following standard operating protocol in XRD (X-ray Powder Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), and EDX (Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) techniques, respectively. The results attained from these techniques confirmed that the plant mediated and fabricated particles were in the nanoscale range (12-33 nm) with a hexagonal shape. The synthesized TiO 2 NPs had an outstanding (1000 μg mL -1 ) larvicidal activity against the four stages of instars larvae of Ae. aegypti at 1000 μg mL -1 . It also had an excellent antibacterial potential against E. faecalis (33 mm), followed by S. boydii (30 mm) at 30 mg L -1 concentration. The green fabricated TiO 2 NPs had a fabulous (92.37%) cytotoxic activity on the HeLa cell line at 100 μg mL -1 dosage within one day of exposure. The entire results concluded that the C. aromaticus mediated TiO 2 NPs have excellent biological applications and thus, could be considered for the welfare of human beings., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The frequent application of synthetic insecticides creates resistance among insects, including mosquitoes, and causes environmental pollution and health issues. The current work aim at assessing the possibilities to produce and characterize the titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) mediated through the aqueous leaf extract of Pouteria campechiana, and their larvicidal and pupicidal activities against Aedes aegypti. The attained results showed that the aqueous leaf extract of P. campechiana had the efficiency to fabricate TiO 2 NPs from TiO 2 . Under the UV-vis spectrum analysis, a sharp peak was recorded at 320 nm, which indicated the production of TiO 2 NPs by the plant extract. The SEM analysis revealed that the synthesized TiO 2 NPs were spherical, and 5 dissimilar diffractions were detected in the XRD spectrum analysis related to the TiO 2 NPs. In FTIR analysis, a prominent peak was found at 1052.41 cm -1 , corresponding to alcohol, and confirmed metal reduction. In the EDX analysis, there was a signal of around 58.44%, confirming the decrease in Ti from TiO 2 NPs, and the remaining percentages were Ca, Al, and Mg. About 900 μg mL -1 of TiO 2 NPs had excellent lethal activity against various larvae and pupa stages of Ae. aegypti. The attained results showed that the P. campechiana aqueous leaf extract could reduce TiO 2 into TiO 2 NPs and could be considered a mosquito control agent. Furthermore, this is the initial report about the aqueous leaf extract of P. campechiana effectively synthesizing the TiO 2 NPs with anti-mosquito activity., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This report presents the development of a novel and primary model of sulfonamide compounds encompassing a chromene azo motif with the intent of becoming applicable for drug candidates in the cases of drug-resistant pathogens. The novel molecules (7a-n) have been synthesized via a two-step reaction. First, 4-((2, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonamide (3a-e) were obtained through the reaction of their corresponding diazotized 4-aminobenzenesulfonamides (1a-e) with resorcinol, followed by the heterocyclization of 3a-e with arylidenemalononitriles (6a-d). Upon structural identification, the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Moreover, their cytotoxic screening was performed against three cancer cell lines: HCT-116, HepG-2, and MCF-7. Further examinations were comprised of the inhibitory effect analyses of the novel sulfonamide/chromene derivatives against the HDAC classes and the Tubulin polymerization in order to discern the prime antitumor drug candidates., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride (CBg) was prepared as a novel multifunctional biodegradable polymer with antimicrobial and excellent water-solubility properties, and used as a crosslinker to prepare carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/alginate (A)/CBg edible coating. FTIR confirmed the successful preparation of CBg and CMC/A/CBg films. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction showed that the amorphous structure of CMC/A had some degree of order after CBg addition. The film thickness and solubility were decreased after CBg addition due to the formation of a dense crosslinked structure. CBg addition significantly improved the thermal properties of the films as detected from the calculated IPDT values from TGA curves. Water vapor permeability was reduced to 54% of the value of CMC/A when CBg was added by15 wt%. The addition of CBg didn't change the transparency of CMC/A films. The mechanical properties and antibacterial properties were significantly enhanced after the addition of CBg. CMC/A/CBg were coated on tomato fruits, and the shelf-life studies showed that the storage weight loss was significantly reduced, and the spoilage was inhibited after coating. These results suggest that CMC/A/CBg edible coating might be a promising candidate in food preservation industries., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)