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Active food packaging materials produced through electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) containing essential oils (EOs) from two broadly used spices (Laurus nobilis –LEO- and Rosmarinus officinalis -REO-) were developed and applied to chicken breast fillets with the aim of prolonging their shelf-life. Citric acid (CA) was successfully incorporated as a natural cross-linker and the developed electrospun structures were heat-treated to promote both the crosslinking and the crystallization of the PVOH matrix. Initially, the morphology, water solubility, physicochemical and thermal properties of the developed structures were evaluated. Then, the antioxidant and antibacterial efficiency of PVOH-EOs hybrid structures were evaluated when directly applied onto an inoculated side of chicken breast fillets. These annealed active food packaging structures containing EO and CA exhibited improved water resistant and thermal stability with respect to their non-crosslinked counterparts. Although part of the EOs content was degraded after the annealing process, the remaining amount in the PVOH samples inhibited the lipid oxidation process up to 68 % and displayed enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness when applied onto chicken breast fillets, having a beneficial effect on both the pH and color parameters during storage., Gulden Goksen thanks to The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey-TUBITAK-BIDEB 2214/Afor International Doctoral Research Fellowship Programme (1059B141800428). The authors acknowledge Research Fund of Mersin University in Turkey (Project No: 2017-1-TP3-2274). M.J. Fabra is recipient of a Ramon y Cajal (RYC-2014-15842) contract from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness.

[EN] Viruses (e.g., noroviruses and hepatitis A and E virus), bacteria (e.g., Salmonella spp. and pathogenic Escherichia coli) and protozoa (e.g., Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis) are well-known contributors to food-borne illnesses linked to contaminated fresh produce. As agricultural irrigation increases the total amount of water used annually, reclaimed water is a good alternative to reduce dependency on conventional irrigation water sources. European guidelines have established acceptable concentrations of certain pathogens and/or indicators in irrigation water, depending on the irrigation system used and the irrigated crop. However, the incidences of food-borne infections are known to be underestimated and all the different pathogens contributing to these infections are not known. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables the determination of the viral, bacterial and protozoan populations present in a water sample, providing an opportunity to detect emerging pathogens and develop improved tools for monitoring the quality of irrigation water. This is a descriptive study of the virome, bacteriome and parasitome present in different irrigation water sources. We applied the same concentration method for all the studied samples and specific metagenomic approaches to characterize both DNA and RNA viruses, bacteria and protozoa. In general, most of the known viral species corresponded to plant viruses and bacteriophages. Viral diversity in river water varied over the year, with higher bacteriophage prevalences during the autumn and winter. Reservoir water contained Enterobacter cloacae, an opportunistic human pathogen and an indicator of fecal contamination, as well as Naegleria australiensis and Naegleria clarki. Hepatitis E virus and Naegleria fowleri, emerging human pathogens, were detected in groundwater. Reclaimed water produced in a constructed wetland system presented a virome and bacteriome that resembled those of freshwater samples (river and reservoir water). Viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens were occasionally detected in the different irrigation water sources included in this study, justifying the use of improved NGS techniques to get a comprehensive evaluation of microbial species and potential environmental health hazards associated to irrigation water., This work was supported through a grant funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) in the frame of the collaborative international consortium JPIW2013-095-C03-01, JPIW2013-095-C03-02 and JPIW2013-095-C03-03 of the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programming Initiative (Water JPI) Pilot Call and partially by AGL2017-86797-C2-1-R. Silvia Bofill-Mas is a Serra-Hunter fellow at the University of Barcelona.