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A novel kind of large mode area photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are proposed in this paper. In order to achieve large effective mode area, a novel technique is applied to seven missing air hole PCF structures. The modal characteristics of PCF structures such as effective mode area, confinement loss, chromatic dispersion properties with doped cores, are investigated by employing the full vectorial finite element method (FEM). Simulation results demonstrate that effective mode area and confinement losses of fundamental mode simultaneously improved by applying our novel technique to proposed structures. The effects of bending on confinement losses of the proposed PCFs have been thoroughly investigated. Additionally, confinement losses of first higher order modes are presented and the possibility of stripping them in a simple way is discussed.

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed that, through novel design, achieves an enhanced effective mode area. The PCF is composed of two concentric elliptical cores. The central core is un-doped silicon whilst the second, outer core region, is doped. The outer doped region is also bordered by lightly doped half ellipse segments. The effective mode area of the structure was calculated and compared with the mode area of conventional PCF's. Our results show that the mode area and chromatic dispersion are very sensitive to the geometry, dimensions and placement of the lightly doped segments. The chromatic dispersion, bend losses and the nonlinear coefficient are also numerically simulated and presented in this paper.

We propose an index guiding highly nonlinear birefringent photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Usiing a full vectorial finite element method (FEM), we investigate the key propagation characteristics of the proposed design. We demonstrate that it is possible to design a simple PCF structure configuration with a birefringence in the order of 10-2 and a nonlinear coefficient of 49 W-1 km-1 at the wavelength of 1.55 microns. It is demonstrated that two zero dispersion wavelengths can be achieved by the proposed design. Bending analysis and fabrication issues are also discussed thoroughly.