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The economic aspects are crucial in the implementation of strategies and especially in accessibility to new therapies in order to achieve a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of neurological pathologies. This accessibility faces economic considerations. Economic considerations have assumed an increasingly prominent role in the planning, management and evaluation of health systems, ranging from the design of ways to pay providers or to improve access to care for households, to the definition of essential packages for insurance, to decisions about whether or not to include new medicines on hospital, state or national formularies. Epilepsy and dementia now represent a major public health problem. They pose a problem in view of their medical, cultural, and economic consequences. However, epilepsy and dementia remain as conditions that may not always be recognized and whose costs are largely unknown. Economic analyses in developing countries are rare.