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The radioprotective effect of acetyl salicylic acid against radiation injury to rat salivary glands was reported but its interrelationship with the expression of heat shock protein 60; an endogenous cytoprotectant against various stressful stimuli has not been previously defined. Objective: The purpose of this study was to monitor the expression of heat shock protein 60 in irradiated and acetyl salicylic acid radioprotected rat submandibular salivary glands. Design: Twenty six adult male Albino rats were used in this study. The control group was not exposed to irradiation nor administered acetyl salicylic acid. The irradiated group was exposed to a single dose of gamma radiation (6.5 Gy). The radioprotected group was irradiated as the previous group and received acetyl salicylic acid in drinking water (2.5 g/IL) one week before the exposure to irradiation and continued one week after. Animals were killed and the submandibular salivary glands were excised to be examined histologically and immunohistochemically for the expression of heat shock protein 60. Results: Histopathological examination of the submandibular salivary glands of irradiated group revealed acinar and ductal damage accompanied by weak to negative heat shock protein 60 immunoexpression. However, minimal radiation-induced damage was noticed in the radioprotected group, which immunohistochemically demonstrated localized heat shock protein 60 overexpression in its parenchymal elements. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggested the association of heat shock protein 60 overexpression with reduction of histopathological damage in acetyl salicylic acid radioproprotected rat submandibular salivary gland.

Background and Aims: In the association between hypercholesterolemia (HC) and thrombotic risk platelet hyper-reactivity plays an important role. The inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) to reduce plasma LDL-cholesterol merges as effective therapeutic strategy to prevent cardiovascular (CV) events. Aim of this study was to verify whether a treatment up to 12 months with the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) anti-PCSK9 influences platelet function in primary HC., Methods and Results: In patients affected by primary HC (n = 24), all on background of statin and 17 on acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), platelet function parameters were evaluated at baseline up to 12 months of treatment with the mAb anti-PCSK9 alirocumab or evolocumab. From baseline, the treatment with anti-PCSK9 mAbs: i) in ASA HC patients, significantly decreased platelet aggregation detected in platelet-rich plasma by light transmission aggregometry and in whole blood Platelet Function Analyzer-100 assay; ii) in all HC patients, significantly decreased platelet membrane expression of CD62P and plasma levels of the in vivo platelet activation markers soluble CD40 Ligand, Platelet Factor-4, and soluble P-Selectin. Furthermore, CD62P expression, and sP-Selectin, PF-4, sCD40L levels significantly correlated with serum PCSK9., Conclusion: Besides markedly lowering LDL-c levels, our results suggest that HC patients benefit from anti-PCSK9 mAb treatment also for reducing platelet reactivity and increasing platelet sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of aspirin. These effects on platelets could play a role in the reduction of CV event incidence in patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors., (Copyright © 2019 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this study, we used nano-smectite (SMT) and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as a recognition surface over the disposable pencil graphite electrode for the low-level detection of ascorbic acid (AA) and acetyl salicylic acid (ACA). Firstly, nano-semectit was obtained by the purification of natural bentonite clay. XRD patterns and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to ensure the purity of the bentonite samples. Pencil graphite rodes were immersed into suspensions of SMT, MWCNT or the both.The surface morphology of the sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammery (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and SEM techniques. The effect of pH, percentage composition of modifiers, immobilization time, accumulation time and accumulation potential was optimized for reaching the best electroanalytical response for AA and ACA. The sensor developed proved to give good recovery, notable electro-catalytic activity and appropriately distant signals for the simultaneous determination of the analytes. Common contaminates, uric acid, l-cysteine, dopamine, glucose, Na + , Cl - and citric acid were investigated for their interference effects. Uric acid, citric acid and dopamine were found to interfere to some extent. The electrode exhibited wide working ranges and a fairly satisfactory detection limit of 0.096 and 0.241 μM for AA and ACA, respectively. The electrode system proved to be practical for the analysis of pharmaceutical tablets and the recovery results are very satisfactory., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) is a useful drug for the secondary prevention of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, but it has adverse effects on the small intestinal mucosa. The pathogenesis and prophylaxis of ASA-induced small intestinal injury remain unclear. In this study, we focused on the intestinal mucus, as the gastrointestinal tract is covered by mucus, which exhibits protective effects against various gastrointestinal diseases., Materials and Methods: ASA was injected into the duodenum of rats, and small intestinal mucosal injury was evaluated using Evans blue dye. To investigate the importance of mucus, Polysorbate 80 (P80), an emulsifier, was used before ASA injection. In addition, rebamipide, a mucus secretion inducer in the small intestine, was used to suppress mucus reduction in the small intestine of P80-administered rats., Results: The addition of P80 reduced the mucus and exacerbated the ASA-induced small intestinal mucosal injury. Rebamipide significantly suppressed P80-reduced small intestinal mucus and P80-increased intestinal mucosal lesions in ASA-injected rats, demonstrating that mucus is important for the protection against ASA-induced small intestinal mucosal injury. These results provide new insight into the mechanism of ASA-induced small intestinal mucosal injury., Conclusion: Mucus secretion-increasing therapy might be useful in preventing ASA-induced small intestinal mucosal injury., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the safety of continuing acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) in patients undergoing brain tumor resection. Many patients are on antiplatelet agents that are withheld before elective neurosurgical procedures to reduce bleeding risk. Cessation of ASA in patients with cardiovascular disease is associated with a known increased risk of thrombotic events, especially in patients with coronary stents., Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent surgical resection of a brain tumor at the University of Florida from 2010 to 2014 were evaluated. The patients were separated into groups based on preoperative ASA use and whether or not it was stopped before surgery. Patients were evaluated for thrombotic complications, postoperative hemorrhage, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and discharge disposition., Results: Of the 452 patients analyzed, 368 patients were not on chronic ASA therapy, 55 patients had their ASA discontinued before surgery, and 28 patients were continued on ASA perioperatively. The patients on preoperative ASA were comparable on all collected demographic variables. There were no statistical differences detected between the groups for outcomes including bleeding complications, need for reoperation, or thrombotic complications., Conclusions: In this analysis, perioperative low dose ASA use was not associated with increased risk of perioperative complications., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The administration of antiplatelet agents versus anticoagulation after bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement (AVR) remains controversial. This study examined the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation with a vitamin-K antagonist (VKA) versus low-dose acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), up to 6 months after bioprosthetic AVR., Methods: The ACTION Registry prospectively collected data at 47 medical centers in Europe, Canada and India. The investigators were free to prescribe the postoperative antithrombotic regimen of their choice. Between January 2006 and June 2009, 1118 patients underwent AVR alone or combined with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), of whom 500 received a VKA and 618 received ASA., Results: Patients who received VKA had a higher prevalence of peripheral vascular disease, chronic renal insufficiency and coronary artery disease. At 180 days, 14 anticoagulated patients (2.8%) suffered a thromboembolism (TE) versus 9 patients (1.5%) treated with ASA (P=0.12) and 18 anticoagulated patients (3.6%) suffered major bleeding (MB) versus 8 patients (1.3%) in the ASA group (P=0.01). MB or TE occurred in 31 patients (6%) treated with VKA versus 17 patients (2.8%) treated with ASA (P=0.003). By multiple variable analysis, preoperative cerebrovascular accident and peripheral vascular disease were strong predictors of postoperative TE, MB or both, in patients treated with VKA, though not in patients treated with ASA., Conclusions: Compared with ASA, treatment with VKA was associated with higher morbidity within 6 months after bioprosthetic AVR, suggesting that, particularly after concomitant CABG surgery, recipients of bioprosthetic AVR should receive prophylactic ASA instead of VKA., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)