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By employing the melt-quenching technique, the ZnO–SrO–B2O3–PbO (ZSBP) glasses have been successfully fabricated. The derivative of Absorption Spectra Fitting (DASF) method was used to study the energy band gap (Eg) of the glasses which decreases from 3.57 eV to 3.39 eV. The structural properties have been studied using the Raman spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature (Tg) decreases with increase in concentration of the lead oxide. The current study examines the radiation shielding properties at 30.80–444 keV. The addition of PbO to the glasses resulted in a proportionate increase in the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), suggesting a diminishing tendency in radiation transmission. At 30.80 keV, the MAC values are extremely high and range from 18.06 to 21.11 cm2/g. As density rises, the half value layer (HVL) decreases. In addition, the average HVL (HVL‾) decreases. The glass thickness required to reduce the radiation intensity to 90 %, 50 %, 25 %, and 10 % of its initial value is investigated at an energy of 35.80 keV. The T90 %, T50 %, T25 %, and T10 % values are 0.0020, 0.0132, 0.0264, and 0.0439 cm, respectively. The results suggest that a greater thickness of the radiation barrier is necessary to attain the necessary degree of attenuation.

Three high entropy materials (La2O3+TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3+X2O3 coded as LTNWM1, LTNWM2, and LTNWM3 for X = B, Ga, and In) produced by aerodynamic containerless processing were evaluated for optical attributes, and their gamma-radiation absorption abilities were investigated in this report. Optical related parameters such as the molar refractivity (Rm), optical transmission (T), molar polarizability (αm), metallization criterion (M), reflection loss (RL), static (εstatic), and optical (εoptical) dielectric constants were estimated through standard expressions, while photon attenuation parameters were estimated from data from photon transmission simulations in FLUKA code and XCOM software. The attenuation parameters were calculated for a wide energy photon spectrum (15 keV–15 MeV). LTNWM1, LTNWM2, and LTNWM3 had Rm values of 18.94 cm3/mol, 21.45 cm3/mol, and 26.09 cm3/mol respectively. The αm has a value of 7.52 × 10−24 cm3 for LTNWM1, 8.51 × 10−24 cm3 for LTNWM2, and 10.35 × 10−24 cm3 for LTNWM3. The photon shielding parameters evaluated by FLUKA and XCOM are compatible. The mass attenuation coefficient for the glasses was between 0.0338 and 52.8261 cm2/g, 0.0336–58.0237 cm2/g, and 0.0344–52.1560 cm2/g for LTNWM1, LTNWM2 and LTNWM3, respectively. The effective atomic number at 1.5 MeV was 18.718, 20.857, and 22.440 for LTNWM1, LTNWM2, and LTNWM3, respectively. The shielding parameters of the HMOs compared to traditional gamma radiation absorbers are exceptional and highlight the potential of using them as optically transparent gamma-shields.

The present study investigates the transient spectrum (TS) of a two-level system that interacts with a generalized squeezed state without using the rotating wave approximation (RWA). We consider the purity of the optical field, which is developed in a generalized squeezed state, utilizing the linear entropy. The analytic expressions of the TS and field purity (FP) of the bipartite system are evaluated. Moreover, the study exhibits the influence of the squeezed parameter and some photons transition on the TS and FP. We obtain that the control of the FP may be generated based on an adequate choice of the photons transition and squeezed parameter. Such results can be utilized in the understanding and development of various tasks of quantum physics and optics.

The emission spectrum of a qubit (two-level atom) system that interacts with a field in the framework of parity deformations is investigated in this paper. The model consists of a qubit coupled to a single-mode field within the parity deformed Jaynes-Cummings model (PDJCM) based on the λ-analog of the quantum harmonic oscillator algebra. We numerically evaluate the atomic emission spectrum (AES), by considering the influence of the deformed parameter and half-band-width of the spectrometer. Moreover, the dependence of the spectrum peaks on the detuning parameter is discussed. Finally, we study the variation of the geometric phase of the whole system state modelled by the PDJCM in terms of the main physical parameters.