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Introduction: Immune-based diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) have suboptimal sensitivity in children and cannot differentiate between latent infection (LTBI) and active disease. This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of a broad range of biomarkers of tissue damage and inflammation in unstimulated plasma in children. Methods: We analyzed 17 biomarkers in 15 non–M. tuberculosis (MTB)-infected controls and 33 children with TB infection (LTBI, n = 8; probable TB, n = 19; confirmed TB, n = 6). Biomarker concentrations were measured using a Luminex magnetic bead–based platform and multiplex sandwich immunoassays. Concentrations, correlations and diagnostic accuracy assessments were conducted among patient groups. Results: Confirmed TB cases had significantly higher concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-2 and higher IFN-γ/MCP-1 and IL-2/MCP-1 ratios compared to LTBI and non–MTB-infected children. Among children with confirmed TB, there was a strong correlation between IFN-γ and IL-10 (r = 0.95; p

The interpretation of the cone penetration test (CPT) still relies largely on empirical correlations that have been predominantly developed in resource-intensive and time-consuming calibration chambers. This paper presents a CPT virtual calibration chamber using deep learning (DL) approaches, which allow for the consideration of depth-dependent cone resistance profiles through the implementation of two proposed strategies: (1) depth-resistance mapping using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and (2) sequence-to-sequence training using a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. Two DL models are developed to predict cone resistance profiles (qc) under various soil states and testing conditions, where Bayesian optimization (BO) is adopted to identify the optimal hyperparameters. Subsequently, the BO-MLP and BO-LSTM networks are trained using the available data from published datasets. The results show that the models with BO can effectively improve the prediction accuracy and efficiency of neural networks compared to those without BO. The two training strategies yielded comparable results in the testing set, and both can be used to reproduce the whole cone resistance profile. An extended comparison and validation of the prediction results are carried out against numerical results obtained from a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) model, demonstrating a high degree of agreement between the DL and CEL models. Ultimately, to demonstrate the usability of this new virtual calibration chamber, the predicted qc is used to enhance the preceding correlations with the relative density (Dr) of the sand. The improved correlation with superior generalization has an R2 of 82% when considering all data, and 89.6% when examining the pure experimental data.

The reconstruction of complex facial trauma poses a significant challenge for plastic surgeons, as it requires a multidisciplinary approach to achieve both functional and aesthetic outcomes. Moreover, it represents a substantial burden on public health. In severe facial trauma, initial management to rule out life-threatening conditions through Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) is crucial. Expertise in soft tissue reconstruction and facial fracture management is essential to achieve good results. New reconstruction techniques include free flaps, grafts, expanders, and epidermal grafts.Here, we present the case of a 68-year-old male who suffered facial trauma from an aircraft propeller managed through staged reconstructive surgical techniques. We will describe surgical management, emphasizing the methods and outcomes. The primary objective of this study is to provide insights into the clinical challenges and therapeutic strategies in managing severe facial trauma, underscoring the critical importance of an interdisciplinary approach to achieve successful and functional facial reconstruction.

Resumen: Introducción: La educación interprofesional (EIP) es crucial para la formación de futuros profesionales de la salud, fomentando la colaboración y el trabajo en equipo entre disciplinas. Este estudio analiza las percepciones sobre la EIP de estudiantes y docentes en asignaturas de primer año en carreras de Ciencias de la Salud, utilizando una metodología de Aprendizaje-Servicio (A-S) desarrollada en línea durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Se implementó un enfoque de metodología mixta secuencial que involucró a 88 estudiantes y 12 docentes de las carreras de Terapia Ocupacional, Kinesiología, Nutrición y Dietética y Fonoaudiología. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas en la disposición hacia la educación interprofesional después de la intervención, especialmente en estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética. Además, el análisis cualitativo destacó la favorable percepción de estudiantes y docentes hacia la EIP en modalidad virtual. Las habilidades clave, como interacción, comunicación, compromiso, respeto y empatía, fueron resaltadas. La triangulación de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos mostró convergencia en las categorías de “trabajo en equipo” y “centrado en el paciente”. Conclusión: Este estudio respalda la importancia de la EIP en la formación de pregrado de profesionales de la salud, incluso en entornos virtuales. Los estudiantes demostraron una excelente disposición y enfoque centrado en el paciente. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de continuar desarrollando programas de EIP en el pregrado, equipando a los estudiantes con habilidades y competencias esenciales para su futuro profesional. Abstract: Introduction: Interprofessional education (IPE) is crucial for the training of future health professionals, promoting collaboration and teamwork between disciplines. This study analyzes the perceptions about IPE of students and teachers in first year health sciences courses, using a Service Learning (S-L) methodology, which was conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A sequential mixed-method approach was implemented involving 88 students and 12 faculty members from Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy, Nutrition and Dietetics, and Speech Therapy. Results: The findings revealed significant differences in the disposition towards interprofessional learning and interprofessional education after the intervention, especially in Nutrition and Dietetics students. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis highlighted the favorable perception of students and teachers towards IPE in virtual mode. Key skills such as interaction, communication, commitment, respect, and empathy were highlighted. The triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data showed convergence in “teamwork” and “patient-centeredness”. Conclusion: This study supports the importance of IPE in the undergraduate training of health professionals, even in virtual environments like the present. Students demonstrated an excellent disposition and patient-centered approach. These findings underscore the need to continue developing undergraduate IPE programs, equipping students with skills and competencies for their future professional careers.

Introduction: The six-minute walk test is a stress test that provides information about exercise tolerance in chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to develop reference equations with normal values for the test in healthy children aged 6–12 years in our paediatric reference population. Patients and methods: The six-minute walk test was carried out in a sample of 236 healthy children, analyzing pre- and post-test variables, and we developed reference equations selecting variables that turned out to be significant (P

Resumen: Introducción: Durante la pandemia COVID-19, la enseñanza remota proporcionó valiosas lecciones sobre el uso de la tecnología, aplicables al retorno a la enseñanza presencial. La educación híbrida emerge como una solución a las limitaciones en la disponibilidad de recursos docentes y experiencias prácticas para la adquisición de competencias clínicas en Ciencias de la Salud. Este estudio describe una estrategia de entrenamiento de habilidades clínicas mediante una plataforma orientada al feedback, tras el regreso a la enseñanza presencial en Kinesiología. Métodos: La metodología implica sesiones de entrenamiento autónomo con feedback asincrónico, donde los estudiantes son evaluados y retroalimentados por un instructor mediante la demostración de la habilidad en formato de video. Se analizó la extensión del entrenamiento, el desempeño y la valoración de la metodología, así como la mejora de las habilidades de los estudiantes y su transferencia a exámenes presenciales. Resultados: En total, se entrenaron cuarenta y dos habilidades clínicas de pregrado de Kinesiología. Los resultados enfatizan la entrega de feedback individualizado a todos los estudiantes, mejora significativa de sus desempeños y valoración positiva de la estrategia. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento remoto facilitó la práctica deliberada de habilidades clínicas en los estudiantes, ofreciendo oportunidades para el entrenamiento autónomo guiado por pares previo a la supervisión docente. Abstract: Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, remote teaching provided valuable insights into technology use, applicable on return to in-person education. Hybrid education emerges as a solution to limitations in faculty resources and practical experiences for acquiring clinical competencies in Health Sciences. This study describes a clinical skills training strategy using a feedback oriented platform, following the return to in-person education in Physiotherapy. Methods: The methodology involves autonomous training sessions with asynchronous feedback, where students are assessed and provided feedback by an instructor through video demonstrations of skills. The extent of student training, performance, learning strategy appreciation, skill improvement and skill transfer to in-person exams were analyzed. Results: In total, forty-two undergraduate Physical Therapy clinical skills were trained. Results emphasize individualized feedback delivery to all students, significant performance improvement, and positive strategy appreciation. Conclusions: Remote training facilitated deliberate practice of clinical skills in students, offering opportunities for autonomous, peer-guided training prior to faculty supervision.

Resumen: La pandemia por COVID-19 generó nuevos desafíos en la atención neonatal. La necesidad de mantener la distancia física para prevenir su propagación se tradujo en una tendencia a nivel mundial a limitar la presencia de las madres y los padres dentro de las unidades de cuidado neonatal, lo que redujo los momentos de encuentro con su bebé. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo compartir la experiencia clínica de trabajo en una unidad de neonatología en torno a la atención biopsicosocial del recién nacido hospitalizado y su familia, así como exponer las adaptaciones realizadas a ésta durante los primeros meses de la pandemia. Se discute la necesidad de continuar generando políticas públicas y de elaborar protocolos centrados en la familia, que permitan proteger la relación bebé-cuidador/a y dar continuidad a una atención neonatal basada en la promoción del neurodesarrollo del recién nacido, especialmente en contextos sanitarios de alta complejidad. Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic generated new challenges in neonatal care. The need to maintain physical distance to prevent its spread resulted in a worldwide tendency to limit the presence of mothers and fathers in neonatal units, reducing the time spent with their baby. The aim of this article is to share the clinical experience in a neonatology with regards to the biopsychosocial care of hospitalized newborns and their families as well as present the adaptations made during the first months of the pandemic. The need to continue generating public policies and create family-centered protocols to protect the infant-caregiver relationship in order to provide continuity to neonatal care based on the promotion of neurodevelopment of the newborn, especially in highly complex health contexts, is discussed.

Resumen: Introducción: El feedback es un proceso mediante el cual los estudiantes dan sentido a información procedente de diversas fuentes y la utilizan para mejorar sus desempeños. Diversos estudios han demostrado insatisfacción por parte de los estudiantes con el feedback, lo cual se relaciona a la falta de un consenso conceptual del feedback. La alfabetización en feedback en estudiantes se refiere a la comprensión y capacidades requeridas para dar sentido a la información recibida y utilizarla para mejorar desempeños, algo considerado fundamental para el feedback efectivo. En educación para profesionales de la salud, se desconocen las implicancias que la experiencia universitaria tiene sobre la alfabetización en feedback. Este estudio explora las comprensiones, capacidades y disposiciones sobre el feedback de estudiantes de carreras en Ciencias de la Salud. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal, con un enfoque pragmático y metodología cualitativa. Se invitó a participar a estudiantes de primer y cuarto año de carreras de salud de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Se organizaron seis grupos focales y se utilizó análisis temático. Resultados: Tres temas guiaron los datos encontrados. Existen diferencias entre primer y cuarto año en las capacidades de reconocer instancias de feedback y el cómo dan sentido a sus experiencias sobre esta estrategia educativa. Estudiantes perciben al feedback como un proceso unidireccional. Estudiantes de cursos superiores reconocen mayores instancias de feedback. Conclusiones: El conocer la alfabetización en feedback de los estudiantes permitirá realizar en un futuro intervenciones educacionales sobre los procesos de feedback en Ciencias de la Salud. Abstract: Introduction: Feedback is recognized as a process in which students make sense of information from various sources and use it to improve performance. Several studies have shown dissatisfaction from students about this process, which could mean there is no conceptual consensus about this process.Feedback literacy refers to the understanding and capacities to make sense of the information received and use it to improve performance, which is considered essential for an effective feedback process. Despite its importance, the implications that student feedback literacy has in teaching and course design have not been sufficiently taken into account, and uncertainty persists about engaging them effectively, especially in clinical settings. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with a pragmatic approach and qualitative methods. First and fourth-year students from health-related careers at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile were invited to participate. Six focus groups were organized, and thematic analysis was used. Results: Three themes guided the findings. Differences exist between first- and fourth-year students regarding their capacity to recognize feedback instances and how they make sense of their experiences with this educational strategy. Students perceive feedback as a one-way process. Higher-level students recognize more instances of feedback. Conclusions: Understanding students’ feedback literacy will enable future educational interventions on feedback processes in Health Sciences.

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a change in the conceptualization of foetal growth restriction (FGR), which has gone from being defined solely based on weight criteria to being defined and staged based on Doppler criteria. The aim of our study was to evaluate neonatal risk in a cohort of neonates with moderate to severe early-onset FGR defined by Doppler criteria. Population and methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study in a cohort of neonates with early-onset foetal growth restriction and abnormal Doppler findings and a control cohort without Doppler abnormalities matched for sex and gestational age. Results: A total of 105 patients (50 cases, 55 controls) were included. We found a higher frequency of respiratory morbidity in the FGR group, with an increased need of surfactant (30% vs. 27.3%; OR, 5.3 [95% CI, 1.1−26.7]), an increased need for supplemental oxygen (66% vs. 49.1%; OR, 5.6 [95% CI, 1.5−20.5]), and a decreased survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (70 vs. 87.3%; OR, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.03−0.99]). Patients with FGR required a longer length of stay and more days of parenteral nutrition and had a higher incidence of haematological abnormalities such as neutropenia and thrombopenia. The lactate level at birth was higher in the severe FGR subgroup (6.12 vs. 2.4 mg/dL; P = .02). Conclusion: The diagnosis of early-onset moderate to severe FGR defined by Doppler criteria carries a greater risk of respiratory, nutritional and haematological morbidity, independently of weight and gestational age. These patients, therefore, should be considered at increased risk compared to constitutionally small for gestational age preterm infants or preterm infants without FGR. Resumen: Introducción: En los últimos años se ha producido un cambio en el concepto del crecimiento intrauterino retardado (CIR), pasando de estar definido únicamente por criterios de peso a estar definido y estadiado por criterios doppler. Este estudio pretende evaluar el riesgo neonatal de una cohorte de neonatos con CIR precoz moderado-grave definidos por criterios doppler. Población y métodos: Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico de cohortes prospectivo en el que se incluyó una cohorte de neonatos con restricción de crecimiento intrauterino precoz con doppler alterado y una cohorte de control sin alteraciones doppler, pareada por sexo y edad gestacional. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 105 pacientes (50 casos, 55 controles). Se encontró mayor morbilidad respiratoria en el grupo CIR, con mayor necesidad de surfactante (30% versus 27,3%, OR IC95% 5,3 [1,1–26,7]), mayor necesidad de oxígeno suplementario (66% versus 49,1% OR IC95% 5,6 [1,5–20.5]), y menor supervivencia sin displasia broncopulmonar (70 vs. 87,3% OR IC95% 0,16 [IC 0,03−0.99]). Los pacientes CIR requirieron un ingreso más prolongado y más días de nutrición parenteral, así como una mayor incidencia de alteraciones hematológicas como neutropenia y trombopenia. El valor de lactato al nacimiento fue mayor en el subgrupo CIR grave (6,12 vs. 2,4 mg/dl, p = 0,02). Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de CIR precoz moderado-grave definido por criterios doppler conlleva un mayor riesgo de morbilidad respiratoria, nutricional y hematológica, independiente del peso y la edad gestacional. Estos pacientes, por tanto, deben ser considerados de mayor riesgo que pretérminos constitucionalmente de bajo peso o pretérminos no CIR.

The management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants and children has changed significantly over the past few decades based on scientific evidence that questioned the efficacy of strategies used to prevent kidney injury and subsequent progression to chronic kidney disease, which is very unlikely in most paediatric cases. However, there is still substantial heterogeneity in its management and uncertainty regarding the diagnosis, indication of imaging tests, treatment or follow-up in these patients. The Spanish clinical practice guideline has been updated through the review of the literature published since 2009 and a rigorous evaluation of current clinical practice aspects, taking into account the evidence on the benefits of each intervention in addition to its risks and drawbacks to attempt to provide more precise recommendations. Resumen: En las últimas décadas, se han producido profundos cambios en el manejo de la infección urinaria en pediatría, a partir de estudios que cuestionaban la eficacia de las estrategias para prevenir el daño renal y la evolución posterior a enfermedad renal crónica, muy poco probable en la mayoría de casos. No obstante, todavía existe una gran variabilidad clínica en el manejo e incertidumbre en cuestiones relativas al diagnóstico, la indicación de una exploración radiológica, el tratamiento o el seguimiento de estos niños. La actualización de la guía de práctica clínica española ha examinado en la literatura publicada desde el año 2009 y de modo riguroso aspectos de la práctica actual, considerando la evidencia de los beneficios de cada intervención, junto con los riesgos asociados y desventajas, para intentar delimitar las pautas de actuación más precisas.

This study investigated magnesium matrix composites reinforced with cupola slag (a source of CaSiO₃) and Al₂O₃ particles for potential application in battery pack system (BPS) housings. The composites were fabricated via powder metallurgy, resulting in four systems: a pure magnesium system (100 M), a composite with 85 wt% Mg and 15 wt% cupola slag (85M-15C), and two hybrid composites with 85 wt% Mg combined with 12.5 wt% and 5 wt% cupola slag, and 2.5 wt% and 5 wt% Al₂O₃, respectively, forming the 85M-12.5C-2.5 A and 85M-10C-5A systems. Their mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were systematically evaluated. Microstructural analysis revealed a significant grain size reduction in the reinforced systems, with the 85M-12.5C-2.5 A system achieving an average grain size of 9.4 µm compared to 22.5 µm in the unreinforced 100 M system. The incorporation of CaSiO₃ and Al₂O₃ reinforcements improved microhardness by up to 55 % and increased compressive strength to a maximum of 329.13 MPa. These enhancements were attributed to grain size and the synergistic effects of micro- and nano-reinforcements. Additionally, the reinforced composites demonstrated superior corrosion resistance, as evidenced by reduced degradation rates in the NaCl solution. This improvement was attributed to the formation of protective Mg(OH)₂ layers, with the 85M-10C-5A system exhibiting the lowest corrosion current density (122 μA/cm²). These findings underscore the potential of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with cupola slag and Al₂O₃ as lightweight, durable, and sustainable materials for BPS housings, addressing both performance and environmental considerations.

This study evaluates multisectoral energy planning to decarbonize Punta Arenas, Chile, transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energies by 2050. Scenarios aligned with the Carbon Neutral 2050 (CN2050) plan, developed under the Long-Term Energy Planning (PELP) program by the Chilean Ministry of Energy, were assessed using EnergyPLAN. In 2019, Punta Arenas emitted 1.32 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂eq), projected to rise to 2.2 million tonnes by 2050 under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, with annual costs of 947 million euros. Implementing PELP CN2050 measures reduces emissions to 1.2 million tonnes and costs to 560 million euros, demonstrating that decarbonization can be achieved alongside economic savings. This validates the PELP CN2050 plan's effectiveness, highlighting that renewable energy integration supports sustainability and economic benefits. Reductions are achieved through energy efficiency, technological changes, and integrating renewable energies—particularly wind and solar thermal—in industrial, transport, and residential sectors. Electrification and green hydrogen for motive, thermal, and transport applications are crucial. Two cases were evaluated: importing green hydrogen or producing it locally via renewable-powered electrolysers. Sensitivity analyses increasing wind capacity from 13 MW to 310 MW showed that higher renewable integration reduces CO₂eq emissions and costs, indicating a negative abatement cost. Further decarbonization could be achieved by incorporating cogeneration, district heating, and synthetic fuels.

This paper presents a comprehensive techno-economical potential analysis for integrating solar heat for industrial processes (SHIP) in Chile. Utilizing TRNSYS software for simulation and Python for data analysis, the study evaluates the levelized cost of heat (LCoH) and solar fraction for various industrial sectors across different regions of the country. The findings indicate that regions such as Coquimbo, Antofagasta, and Metropolitan exhibit high solar fractions and competitive LCoH values, particularly in hot water production. The central zone, especially the Metropolitan region, demonstrates significant potential for steam generation, achieving an average solar fraction of 50 % and producing 295 GWh/year of solar thermal energy. Validation with real-world data demonstrated an average error margin of 21 %, underscoring the developed heat load calculation model's reliability. The study concluded that SHIP is a viable solution for reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions in Chile. It has the potential to displace over 3,500 GWh/year of fossil fuel energy in the considered productive sectors. These findings highlight the strategic importance of supporting SHIP implementation through favorable policies and investments.

Plant diseases significantly impact the quality and yield of agricultural products, leading to considerable economic losses. Most existing plant disease recognition systems are limited to identifying categories within the training set, which poses potential systemic risks. Rejecting unknown samples is crucial for the safety and reliability of practical applications. This study aims to harness the strong generalization capabilities of vision-language models to address plant disease anomaly detection. To this end, we comprehensively explore prompt tuning paradigms based on vision-language models. We observe that anomaly detection methods guided by textual concepts perform poorly in the fine-grained task of plant disease due to their focus on concept matching. We argue that visual information is crucial for anomaly detection in plant diseases. Therefore, we propose guiding the vision-language model with visual information to address this issue. Additionally, we find that utilizing the general knowledge extracted by the original vision-language model can further enhance anomaly detection performance. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly improves the current baseline methods by incorporating visual information. Notably, deploying our method under vision-language prompt tuning achieved an AUROC score of 99.85% in the all-shot setting. Even in a challenge 2-shot setting, our approach achieves an AUROC score of 93.81%, significantly outperforming CoCoOp fine-tuned on the entire dataset (88.61%). We believe that our study will contribute to the community and, to fuel the field, our code will be released.

Conflict of interest: No Introduction and Objectives: Background: Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is considered a common precipitant of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). This study aims to characterize the association between AH and ACLF, focusing on mortality across different ACLF grades. Patients / Materials and Methods: Multicenter prospective cohort study. We included patients admitted with severe AH between 2015–2022. The main outcome was mortality by ACLF grade during admission. The analysis included survival analysis using Cox regression. We adjusted multivariable models based on the main predictors of mortality observed in prior studies. Results and Discussion: We prospectively included 646 patients from 24 centers and 8 countries. Age 49.9±11.7 years, 85.1% of men and 64.4% had a previous diagnosis of cirrhosis. Median MELD at admission was 25 [20-31] points, 46.5% of patients were treated with corticosteroids, and only 2.2% underwent liver transplantation (LT). Around 67.4% of patients fulfilled ACLF criteria: 10.1% grade 1, 19.2% grade 2, and 38.1% grade 3. The most frequent organ dysfunctions were 76.2% liver, 40.8% brain, 43.2% coagulation, 29.6% renal, 29.4% circulatory, and 18.9% lung failure. Survival at 180 days was 77.8% (95%CI: 72.1-82.6%) in those without ACLF grade 3 and 28.0% (95%CI: 20.5–36.0%) in those with ACLF grade 3 (p

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent disease. We aimed to assess the symptoms that physicians who see patients with AR perceive as the most bothersome in their patients. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study based on an online questionnaire sent to all members of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative. The survey included questions on the physicians' perceptions of patients’ AR symptoms as well as of their own AR symptoms. Results: Among 401 respondents, 155 (38.7%) reported having AR. ARIA members reported nasal symptoms to be the most frequent (89.7%) and bothersome (80.0%) symptoms experienced by themselves. Likewise, nasal symptoms were reported by ARIA members as the most frequent (94.8% in members with AR vs 96.0% in members without AR) and bothersome (57.0% in members with AR vs 67.9% in members without AR) in their patients. We found a significant association (p = 0.001) between physicians’ own symptoms and those perceived as the most bothersome in their patients. Conclusion: Physicians perceive nasal symptoms to be the most frequent and the most bothersome symptoms in AR patients. The physicians' personal experiences with AR may influence their perception of patients’ symptoms.

Nonreciprocity, unidirectionality, and channeling are essential concepts for potential magnonic applications. Nonreciprocity and unidirectionality ensure the efficient propagation of spin waves along predetermined paths with preferential directions, disrupting the symmetry of counterpropagating waves. Channeling fosters the development of intricate spin-wave networks, enabling more sophisticated functionalities. Integrating these concepts into practical applications will shape the future of spin-wave-based information processing devices. This article theoretically studies the dynamics of spin waves in a ferromagnetic strip coupled to a heavy-metal strip, where the nonreciprocity, unidirectionality, and channeling effects are analyzed. Both backward volume (BV) and Damon–Eshbach (DE) configurations are considered, where the lateral dimensions of the heavy-metal and ferromagnetic strips can differ. Calculations show notable nonreciprocal channeling of spin waves in both DE and BV modes. In the BV configuration, the dispersion is reciprocal with nontrivial localization of lateral confined modes. It is shown that the waves can be channeled into the zones in contact with the HM, where the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction is active. In the DE configuration, the waves exhibit nonreciprocal spin-wave dispersion, allowing unidirectional and channeled spin-wave propagation. The main results are compared to micromagnetic simulations, where an excellent agreement between both methods is obtained. These findings are relevant for envisioning advanced magnonic devices, enabling precise control over spin-wave propagation for innovative, low-power, high-speed information processing.

This work presents the MuscleTracker Hand Movement dataset, containing Surface Electromyography (sEMG) data from the right arm of 49 healthy subjects without neuromuscular or cardiovascular issues. Subjects performed five hand movements—pronation with extended fingers, flexion, extension, pronation with flexed fingers, and relaxation—while standing, with one hand palm-down. Data was recorded from two sEMG channels using Biopac MP36 (1000 Hz) and MuscleTracker (512 Hz), with three and four repetitions per device, respectively, for each movement. The dataset includes 825 samples, along with subject details such as gender, age, physical condition, and, for MuscleTracker subjects, anthropometric measurements. This data supports machine-learning development for classifying hand gestures in sEMG signals, with applications in prosthetics control and human-computer interaction. In addition, validation experiments were performed to validate the database and stablish a comparison baseline.

Objective: To evaluate changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and z-height over 3 years based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) usage among children with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1DM) from various Latin American centers. Study design: Data on z-height, CGM access, and HbA1c (%) were collected for Latin American children aged 6 months to 18 years with T1DM onset from 19 centers in a retrospective analysis of medical records, from 2020 to 2023. A 2-way ANOVA method with repeated measures and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results: We included 433 children (46.0% female) aged 8.7 ± 3.7 years; 199 (45.9%) used CGM. The mean HbA1c was significantly lower in years 1, 2, and 3 than at baseline in children with CGM, but not those without CGM. The z-height decreased significantly with the years in both groups. However, the CGM users showed a significantly greater height in years 2 and 3 than the nonusers. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CGM users exhibited a significantly lower incremental area under the curve (AUC) for HbA1c during follow-up than nonusers. Furthermore, a lower incremental AUC for HbA1c was associated with a smaller decremental AUC for z-height (R2 = 0.19). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that children with CGM were 80% more likely (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.1-0.6) to achieve an HbA1c of

Mango is a popular tropical fruit known worldwide and mango peel is a waste product worthy of valorization. This study explores the stabilizing effect of hydrocolloids extracted from mango peel in dressing-type emulsions (DE). Emulsions stabilized with different ratios of mango (Mangifera indica) peel-derived hydrocolloids (PE) and guar gum (1 % wt. total concentration) were prepared and characterized: DE1 (0.25/075), DE2 (0.5/0.5), DE3 (0.75/0.25) and DE4 (1/0). Particle size distribution, ζ-potential, proximal composition, color, microstructure, and rheological properties were evaluated. All the samples showed similar proximal compositions. However, PE/guar gum ratio influences color parameters. For the microstructural analysis, Sauter's mean droplet size ranged from 6.41 to 11.11 µm. The ζ- potential values ranged from −18.03±0.21 to −16.97 mV. Emulsions exhibited shear thinning responses that can be well described by the Williamson model, and gel-like viscoelastic character with G’ higher than G”. The activation energy values (Eα) deduced from the application of an Arrhenius model to the viscous flow behaviour of the emulsions ranged from 108.46 to 143.44 Kj/mol. From the microstructural analysis and the rheological characterization, it can be inferred that PE favors the flocculation of the emulsion droplet in high concentrations. Overall, this research contributes to the sustainable exploitation of a mango waste material, such as the peel, in food emulsions.

Double-cropping is an interesting diversification strategy to increase profitability and sustainability. Besides, by including legumes, it may reduce the N inputs dependency. However, its management with flood irrigation can be challenging. The was the evaluation of the impact of two double-cropping and different nitrogen (N) rates on productivity and N dynamics under flood irrigation. Two double-cropping (barley-maize; pea-maize) and three N rates (unfertilized, 0N; medium: MN; high rate, HN) were evaluated in a field experiment located in NE Spain during two years. In barley-maize, N rates were 0, 125 and 250 kg N ha−1, and 0, 200 and 400 kg N ha−1 for barley and maize phases, respectively. In pea-maize, pea did not receive N, and the MN and HN rates in the maize were reduced (150 and 350 kg N ha−1, respectively).Crop productivity and N uptake were evaluated. The economic return and N use efficiency (NUE) were calculated. Soil inorganic N (Nmin) was measured after harvest.The pea-maize double-cropping allowed the saving of N fertilizer without yield penalties. Besides, a pre-crop effect of pea in the maize yield was observed. Regarding the cropping system, pea-maize obtained a higher economic return the first year. Besides, the economic return was higher the first year, due to crop penalties. In general, NUE was greater in 0N, and no differences were observed between fertilized treatments. Soil Nmin after pea/barley was higher the first year, coincident with a higher productivity. After maize harvest, the barley-maize led to larger residual Nmin.Therefore, in this study, pea-maize allowed a reduction in the N rate, showed greater potential to increase the economic return and reduced the N leaching risk. However, crop yield penalties associated with flood-irrigation, indicate that farmers should be aware of facing a more challenging management or consider other irrigation method to ensure profitability.

This work investigates the microstructure and manufacturing control of the masked Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing (CSAM) strategy for producing of new bipolar plates (BPPs) for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, using low-cost, lightweight, and machinable materials. CSAM is a solid-state process capable of fabricating 3D patterned parts based on a bottom-up approach using masks with a desired pattern. This study focuses on the dimensional and microstructural characteristics of pin fins fabricated with spherical (Ti-S) and irregular (Ti-I) Ti powders using the masked CSAM technology. Additionally, the performance of both Ti parts for its application in PEM electrolyzers was evaluated in terms of corrosion resistance and interfacial contact resistance (ICR). The results demonstrated that the masked CSAM technology allowed precise control and customization of the dimensions of the 3D-printed pin fins, obtaining porosity values of 6 ± 1 % for Ti-S and 4 ± 1 % for Ti-I. The evaluation of the corrosion resistance of the CSAM Ti patterned parts showed that for both Ti-S and Ti-I powders a stable oxide film at the typical operation potential (1.8 V vs Ag/AgCl) of a PEM water electrolyzer was formed without signs of pitting corrosion. Finally, at a compaction pressure of 150 N/cm2 ICR values of 42 ± 19, 40 ± 13, and 24 ± 7 mΩ·cm2 were obtained for Ti-I, Ti-S, and standard Ti Bulk, respectively. The results suggest than the masked CSAM technology shows great potential for the fabrication of Ti BPPs.

This study evaluates the use of five commercially available epoxy adhesives (EAs), from low to high cost, as a connection alternative of timber-concrete composites (TCCs) using cross-laminated timber (CLT) and medium-strength precast concrete (25 MPa). Five alternative EAs were initially evaluated via pull-off tests to determine the adhesive strength of the interface CLT/concrete, with average results varying from 0.6 MPa to 3.6 MPa. Subsequently, optical and scanning electron microscopy analyses were implemented to assess the microstructure of post-tested TCC specimens, finding that usually the CLT/concrete interface was not fully glued by the EAs and that there was a positive correlation between the penetration of each EA with the corresponding tension strength of the TCCs. Then, the three EAs with the largest adhesive strengths were further tested by small double-shear (SDS) tests evaluating their shear strength and deformation, as well as damage evolution and failure modes, which were obtained using digital image correlation. The SDS test average results ranged from 2.4 MPa to 8.8 MPa, and the EA with the best behavior was not the one with the highest tensile strength, but rather with the highest EA penetration into concrete, demonstrating that this property highly positively impacted the shear strength of TCCs. Finally, cost/benefit analyses were obtained, and interestingly, the EA with the best adhesive/shear performance was not the most expensive alternative, opening the discussion that, even though mostly expensive EAs have been used in TCCs, the option of technically valid and low-cost EA is feasible.

Summary: Despite an advanced understanding of disease mechanisms, the current therapeutic regimen fails to cure most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the present study, we address the role of ribosome assembly in leukemia cell function. We apply patient datasets and murine models to demonstrate that immature leukemia cells in mixed-lineage leukemia-rearranged AML are characterized by relatively high ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis rates. Using a model with inducible regulation of ribosomal subunit joining, we show that defective ribosome assembly extends survival in mice with AML. Single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomic analyses reveal that leukemia cell adaptation to defective ribosome assembly is associated with an increase in ribosome biogenesis and deregulation of the transcription factor landscape. Finally, we demonstrate that defective ribosome assembly shows antileukemia efficacy in p53-deficient AML. Our study unveils the critical requirement of a high protein synthesis rate for leukemia progression and highlights ribosome assembly as a therapeutic target in AML.

The goal of the present study was to determine, through a detailed study of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) waves, the possible existence of an early functional marker for the onset of presbycusis in an animal model. Toward this goal, Wistar rats were divided into four age groups: 3-month-old (3M, n = 6, control), 9-month-old (9M, n = 6), 14-month-old (14M, n = 6), and 20-month-old (20M, n = 6). ABR recordings were performed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 kHz. The novel result reported here is that wave amplitudes, particularly wave II, were significantly diminished in the 9M group, even though there was no evidence of significant age-related threshold shift at that age. A significant increase in auditory thresholds with age was first detected at 14M, which further progressed at 20M, confirming our previous findings. These findings suggest that measurable alterations in ABR waves may precede age-related threshold shift and could serve as early markers to detect the onset of age-related hearing loss. Upon translation to humans, they could be used to implement early objective diagnosis, crucial to prevent or mitigate the negative consequences of presbycusis, a common, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative age-related disorder. This may allow, for instance, a better preservation of residual hearing, thus delaying the progression of the disease and minimizing the impact of hearing loss, ultimately improving the quality of life for those who suffer from this neurodegenerative condition.

Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: La detección y el diagnóstico oportuno del virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) implica identificar la población susceptible de tratamiento, prevenir, limitar complicaciones y evitar contagios. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y describir los factores de riesgo asociados a la detección de anticuerpos contra el VHC (anti-VHC) en la población con acceso a la seguridad social que participó en programa nacional de tamizaje. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal/analítico que utilizó datos relacionados con pruebas rápidas realizadas entre septiembre de 2021 y octubre de 2022 en 26 de las 32 entidades federativas de México. Se seleccionaron los reactivos anti-VHC para analizar y comparar, según sexo y edad, los posibles factores de riesgo mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se analizó la distribución y la densidad geográfica del programa de tamizaje a nivel de la entidad federativa y del municipio. Resultados: Se realizaron 75,185 detecciones anti-VHC; 2,052 reactivos (2.7%), promedio 44.3 años (±15.1). Ocupación: 32.3% empleado, 19% ama de casa y 18.2% trabajador de sector salud. Hasta 5 de cada 10 pacientes no indicaron factores de riesgo, pero en comparación con las mujeres, los varones con antecedente de accidente con material punzocortante o uso de sustancias psicoactivas intravenosas mostraron 1.4 y 5 veces más probabilidad de detección anti-VHC. Según el lugar de residencia, el 80% de los reactivos se concentró en Estado de México, CDMX y Guanajuato. Conclusiones: La evidencia sugiere cuál es la población y los factores de riesgo en los que se debe focalizar la estrategia de microeliminación del VHC, mediante el continuo tamizaje, diagnóstico, acceso a tratamiento médico y seguimiento epidemiológico. Abstract: Introduction and aim: Timely detection and diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) involves identifying the population that is predisposed to treatment and prevention, thus limiting complications and preventing infection. The aim of this study was to analyze and describe risk factors associated with anti-HCV antibody detection in a population with access to public healthcare that participated in a national screening program. Material and methods: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted that utilized data related to rapid tests carried out between September 2021 and October 2022 in 26 of the 32 states of Mexico. Anti-HCV reactive tests were selected, according to age and sex, for analyzing and comparing possible risk factors through descriptive and inferential statistics. The geographic distribution and density of the screening program at the state and municipal levels was analyzed. Results: There were 75,185 anti-HCV antibody detections, 2,052 reactive tests, and mean participant age was 44.3 years (±15.1). Occupation: 32.3% were employees, 19% were housewives, and 18.2% were healthcare workers. Five out of every 10 cases had no indication of risk factors, but there was a 1.4 and 5-times greater likelihood of anti-HCV detection in men with a history of sharps injury or intravenous psychoactive substance use, compared with women. Regarding place of residence, 80% of the reactive tests were concentrated in the State of Mexico, Mexico City, and Guanajuato. Conclusions: The evidence herein helps determine the population and risk factors that should be focused on in carrying out the HCV microelimination strategy of continuous screening, diagnosis, medical treatment access, and epidemiologic surveillance.

Introduction and aim: Timely detection and diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) involves identifying the population that is predisposed to treatment and prevention, thus limiting complications and preventing infection. The aim of this study was to analyze and describe risk factors associated with anti-HCV antibody detection in a population with access to public healthcare that participated in a national screening program. Material and methods: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted that utilized data related to rapid tests carried out between September 2021 and October 2022 in 26 of the 32 states of Mexico. Anti-HCV reactive tests were selected, according to age and sex, for analyzing and comparing possible risk factors through descriptive and inferential statistics. The geographic distribution and density of the screening program at the state and municipal levels was analyzed. Results: There were 75,185 anti-HCV antibody detections, 2,052 reactive tests, and mean participant age was 44.3 years (±15.1). Occupation: 32.3% were employees, 19% were housewives, and 18.2% were healthcare workers. Five out of every 10 cases had no indication of risk factors, but there was a 1.4 and 5-times greater likelihood of anti-HCV detection in men with a history of sharps injury or intravenous psychoactive substance use, compared with women. Regarding place of residence, 80% of the reactive tests were concentrated in the State of Mexico, Mexico City, and Guanajuato. Conclusions: The evidence herein helps determine the population and risk factors that should be focused on in carrying out the HCV microelimination strategy of continuous screening, diagnosis, medical treatment access, and epidemiologic surveillance. Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: La detección y el diagnóstico oportuno del virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) implica identificar la población susceptible de tratamiento, prevenir, limitar complicaciones y evitar contagios. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y describir los factores de riesgo asociados a la detección de anticuerpos contra el VHC (anti-VHC) en la población con acceso a la seguridad social que participó en programa nacional de tamizaje. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal/analítico que utilizó datos relacionados con pruebas rápidas realizadas entre septiembre de 2021 y octubre de 2022 en 26 de las 32 entidades federativas de México. Se seleccionaron los reactivos anti-VHC para analizar y comparar, según sexo y edad, los posibles factores de riesgo mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se analizó la distribución y la densidad geográfica del programa de tamizaje a nivel de la entidad federativa y del municipio. Resultados: Se realizaron 75,185 detecciones anti-VHC; 2,052 reactivos (2.7%), promedio 44.3 años (±15.1). Ocupación: 32.3% empleado, 19% ama de casa y 18.2% trabajador de sector salud. Hasta 5 de cada 10 pacientes no indicaron factores de riesgo, pero en comparación con las mujeres, los varones con antecedente de accidente con material punzocortante o uso de sustancias psicoactivas intravenosas mostraron 1.4 y 5 veces más probabilidad de detección anti-VHC. Según el lugar de residencia, el 80% de los reactivos se concentró en Estado de México, CDMX y Guanajuato. Conclusiones: La evidencia sugiere cuál es la población y los factores de riesgo en los que se debe focalizar la estrategia de microeliminación del VHC, mediante el continuo tamizaje, diagnóstico, acceso a tratamiento médico y seguimiento epidemiológico.

Objective: To explore the use of weekly continuous dosing of corifollitropin α in DuoStim cycles. Design: Pilot-matched case-control study. Setting: Private fertility center. Patient(s): Cases were defined as DuoStim cycles performed from November 2022 to May 2023 receiving weekly continuous dosing of corifollitropin α (n = 15). Controls were chosen from a database comprising DuoStim cycles conducted at our institution during the years 2021/2022. Matching was done on a 1-to-1 basis, based on antimüllerian hormone values (±0.4 pmol/L) and age (n = 15). Intervention(s): Injections of corifollitropin α once every 8 days, along with uninterrupted oral administration of micronized progesterone 200 mg/d (for luteinizing hormone surge prevention) throughout the follicular and luteal phases for ovarian stimulation. Oocyte retrieval. Main outcome measure(s): Total number of cumulus-oocyte complexes and metaphase II oocytes obtained in follicular + luteal phase stimulation. Secondary outcomes evaluated fertilization rates, number of blastocysts, days of stimulation, number of injectables required, and gonadotropin cost. Result(s): The study group achieved similar total oocyte and MII yield vs. daily follicle-stimulating hormone protocol (13.3 ± 6.9 vs. 11.8 ± 6.1 and 10.4 ± 6.3 vs. 9.2 ± 4.6, respectively). All secondary outcomes showed no significant differences. The study group experienced a significant reduction of injections to complete a DuoStim cycle (4.5 ± 1.4 vs. 35.2 ± 12.2; mean deviation -30.7; 95% confidence interval, −37.5– to −23.9)]. Conclusion(s): Corifollitropin α on a weekly basis throughout a DuoStim cycle yields an equivalent number of oocytes as standard daily follicle-stimulating hormone administration while drastically reducing the number of required injections. Trial registration number: NCT05815719. EudraCT: 2022-003177-32.