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Publisher Summary The question of how changes in behavior can modify the process of atherosclerosis and hypertension during adolescence is practical and important. However, no uniform answers exist to that question. There is an abundance of studies with animals relating nutritional and psychological states to cardiovascular risk factors, but there is a serious question about how applicable those models are for prescribing intervention in the atherosclerotic/hypertensive process. The atherosclerotic/hypertensive process has apparently evolved so recently that even within the human species, blacks and whites have different mechanisms for the development of this process. Inter- and intra-species differences in non-human primates limit the applicability of these studies to cardiovascular disease in man. Further, the limitation of hospital-based studies to symptomatic individuals in later and complicated stages of the process is well known. There is a great need for an epidemiologic approach to cardiovascular disease in man. This chapter discusses nutritional and other behavior associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease and also considers the following four risk factors — obesity, high blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood insulin-glucose.