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Pollution from particulate matter (PM) and toxic chemicals in the air cause some of the most critical health and environmental hazards in developed and developing countries. It can have a very destructive effect on human health and other living creatures. In particular, PM air pollution caused by rapid industrialization and population growth is a grave concern in developing countries. Oil and chemical-based synthetic polymers are non-environmentally friendly materials that lead to secondary environmental pollution. Thus, developing new and environmentally compatible renewable materials to construct air filters is essential. The goal of this review is to study the use of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) to adsorb PM in the air. Some of CNF's advantages include being the most abundant polymer in nature, biodegradable, and having a high specific surface area, low density, surface properties (broad possibility of chemical surface modification), high modulus and flexural stiffness, low energy consumption, which provide this new class of bio-based adsorbent with promising potential applications in environmental remediation. Such advantages have made CNF a competitive and highly in-demand material compared to other synthetic nanoparticles. Today, refining membranes and nanofiltration manufacturing are two important industries that could use CNF to provide a practical step in protecting the environment and saving energy. CNF nanofilters are capable of nearly eliminating most sources of air pollution, including carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and PM 2.5 - 10 μm. They also have a high porosity and low resistance air (pressure drop) ratio compared to ordinary filters made from cellulose fiber. If utilized correctly, humans do not need to inhale harmful chemicals., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)