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Cranial tissue from adult and neonatal voles was examined with immunocytochemical techniques to determine the distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-immunoreactive (LHRH-ir) neurons in extracerebral structures. The overall distribution of the LHRH-ir portion of the nervus terminalis in the nasal and extracranial cavities was comparable to that of other rodents. However, we observed a unique association of LHRH-ir neurons with the pterygopalatine ganglia of neonatal and adult voles. We also found LHRH-ir fibers in nasopalatine nerves, and trigeminal nerves and ganglia of neonatal voles. We speculate that these neurons may influence the autonomic control of the vascular pump in the vomeronasal organ.