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Most children diagnosed with cancer survive for many years after treatment. However, the fertility potential of these patients may suffer due to their oncologic therapies. Certain chemotherapies and radiation are more likely to be detrimental to gonadal function, and put patients at risk of acute or premature ovarian failure. Prepubertal cancer patients will need different follow-up and testing from their post-pubertal counterparts. This review will present evidence to help patients, family members and physicians determine who is most at risk of ovarian insufficiency and how to monitor childhood cancer survivors. It will discuss the impact of age at diagnosis and cancer therapies on reproductive outcomes, and guide caregivers and patients on monitoring gonadal function after therapy., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Beneficial effects on health of limiting food intake for certain periods of time have been recognized for a long time. While many diets can produce short-term weight loss, most fail to result in a long-lasting impact. Current data suggest that intermittent fasting may be beneficial for overall health and wellbeing. However, the lack of properly designed clinical studies makes it challenging to formulate evidence-based practice recommendations. Potential health risks of drastic changes in food intake are often ignored and might only be revealed after extensive follow-up. This review summarizes the popular intermittent dieting methods and their potential impact on fertility and reproduction., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This prospective, cross-sectional study of 60 women compares self-reported height, weight, and BMI with measured values. Self-reported BMI (29.0±8.37 kg/m(2)) was slightly lower than measured BMI (29.1±8.38 kg/m(2)) (p=0.4). Eighty percent of participants reported a BMI in the same category in which their BMI was measured. Pearson's correlation coefficient for height (0.96, p<0.001), weight (0.99, p<0.001), and BMI (0.99, p<0.001) were high. Reproductive age women accurately reported their height and weight., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Normal function of mitochondria plays an essential role in enabling reproductive capacity. To date, few studies have investigated the role of promoting mitochondrial health in relation to fertility in humans. Selected nutritional interventions have demonstrated a potential to enhance mitochondrial function, suggesting a promise for future research for fertility treatment. This review summarizes the extant literature and highlights a putative role of particular nutrients in promotion of mitochondrial function, including in vitro, animal and human studies. Strong basis exists to advocate for further investigation of nutritional treatments for infertility patients., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The ketogenic diet was first developed in the 1920s as a treatment for epilepsy in an attempt to create a prolonged physiologic starvation state. Since that time, the diet has been found to have other therapeutic effects, most of which are neurologic. Other diets, mostly based on the principals of caloric restriction, have been shown to improve fertility in certain populations. We explore the data, both clinical and laboratory, for potential fertility enhancing benefits of the ketogenic diet, beyond just caloric restriction or weight loss., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Caloric restriction, decreasing caloric intake by 20-30%, was first shown to extend life in rats nearly 80 years ago. Since that time, limiting food intake for longevity has been investigated in species from yeast to humans. In yeast and lower animals, caloric restriction has repeatedly been demonstrated to lengthen the life span. Studies of caloric restriction in non-human primates and in humans are ongoing and initial results suggest prolongation of life as well as prevention of age-related disease. There is also data in rodents suggesting that short term caloric restriction has beneficial effects on fertility. Although caloric restriction has many positive effects on health and longevity, quality of life on a restricted diet as well as the ability to maintain that diet long term are concerns that must be considered in humans., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A burgeoning pandemic of obesity is well characterized. 41% of U.S. adults are projected to be obese by 2015 and obesity, a potentially modifiable risk, is emerging as a leading predictor of lifetime health. The wide spectrum of morbidities related to excess body mass includes risks for diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, malignancy, venous thrombosis, degenerative joint disease, pulmonary compromise, sleep apnea, cholelithiasis, depression and overall reduced quality of life. Beyond the myriad major and minor morbidities linked to obesity, increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality is recognized in the obese. Bariatric surgery literature suggests that, in the morbidly obese, increase in the lifespan is achievable with reversal of obesity, reinforcing the realization that sequelae therein are by no means inevitable. Aggressive efforts must be targeted towards population-based strategies to educate and sensitize all generations on contributors to and sequelae of excess body mass as obesity represents one of the few modifiable factors that impact on the quantity and quality of lifespan., (Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)