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Background: Physical therapy is playing an important role in enhancing and promoting health related quality of life in children with thalassemia and sickle cell disease by de-creasing the associated disease symptoms as pain, anxiety, depression and fatigue and enhancing the cardiopulmonary system, bone mass index, ferritin and serum levels by using different physical therapy modalities as exercise training, Yoga, Massage therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stim-ulation (TENS), spirometer and vibration therapy. Aim of Study: To identify the effectiveness of using physical therapy modalities in children with thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Subjects and Methods: This review included Children with thalassemia and sickle cell disease aged between 6 to 18 years, receive different physical therapy modalities. Design: A search of electronic databases that included, PubMed, Physical therapy Evidence Database, Google scholar, Science Direct and Cochrane was searched since ever till December 2019 using the following keywords: 'Physical therapy modalities', 'thalassemia', 'exercise training', 'sickle cell disease', 'breathing exercise', 'health related quality of life', 'transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation' and 'children'. Results: Twelve articles that were retrieved met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: From clinical point of view using physical therapy modalities can promote quality of life in children suffering from thalassemia and from sickle cell disease but furthermore studies are needed to help the researchers and the patients.

Fourteen summer squash genotypes were used to assess their genetic diversity and relationships using some yield traits (Fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit shape index, average fruit weight, No of fruits/plant, fruit yield, and total soluble solids %) and DNA markers (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA, inter-simple sequence repeat, Start Codon Targeted polymorphism) analyses. Two open field trials were executed at two locations, i.e., El-Arish (L1) and Ras Sidr (L2) in the North and South Sinai-Egypt, respectively. Significant differences were observed between both locations and indicated the superiority of (L1) than (L2) in all studied traits, while the interaction between genotype and location was significant for all studied traits. The location had a major effect on the relative genotypic potential of these traits, in which the genotype × location interaction was highly significant. SQ6genotype ranked as the first in the fruit yield/plant and SQ2 for fruit diameter followed by SQ7and SQ2 for fruit shape as well as SQ13and SQ12for the number of fruits/plant in L1 and L2 locations, respectively. Additionally, high polymorphism percentage (P %) was detected using RAPD (85%), ISSR (79.25%) and SCoT (69.44). Among the 15 studied primers, OP-B17 showed the maximum P% (100%) followed by primer OP-C17 (90.9 %) which also scored the highest values for polymorphism information content, effective multiplex ratio, and marker index. In addition, OP-K01 represented the maximum value of resolving power (12.56), indicated that these primers were highly informative. Intriguingly, 55 positive and two unique negative bands were amplified, out of which (33) bands were generated by RAPD followed by SCoT (15) and ISSR (9). In this regard, OP-C17 and SQ1 genotype produced the highest number of unique marker18 and 11amplicon, respectively. Moreover, the maximum similarity was found between SQ 11 and SQ 12 indicating that both genotypes were the most similar. Cluster and PCA analysis using RAPD, ISSR, and SCoT data grouped the 14 squash genotypes into four, three and two distinct clusters, respectively. Generally, the yield traits alongside molecular results showed significant information that may be utilized to sort and relationship between the studied summer squash genotypes under different conditions

Blood samples were obtained from 28 mature healthy male Muscovy ducks for screening of a partial sequence of Growth hormone gene (GH gene) for single nucleotide polymorphisms using PCR amplification of the extracted DNA. The results of our research revealed one locus of exon 2 of growth hormone gene and its partial flanking intron. Polymorphisms in this locus were investigated by using direct sequencing and single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) technique. One unique pattern of SSCP was detected. Nucleotide sequencing was performed to endorse the current result which proved the absence of single nucleotides' polymorphisms (SNPs) or any other type of polymorphisms in the studied locus. The DNA sequencing and PCR-SSCP patterns confirmed that there was no polymorphism in all studied birds. In turn, it is spelled that PCR-SSCP failed to produce electrophoresis patterns capable of discriminating between the GH gene loci in Muscovy duck breed revealing no polymorphism in all studied individuals. Also, we compared our sequences with the published sequence on the gene bank of GH gene in Mallard ducks under the following accession number AB158762.1. Three SNPs were detected between Muscovy and Mallard breeds which are (94 A-G, 271 C-T and 298 G-A) these SNPs led to change of two amino acids proline and valine amino acids in GH protein in mallard ducks into serine and isoleucine in Muscovy ducks. In conclusion, these changes in the nucleotide sequence, amino acid and protein chain may be the main cause of differences of the phenotypic features, productive and reproductive traits between Muscovy and mallard duck breeds.

Background: The advantages of Unilateral Spinal An-esthesia (ULSA) over bilateral spinal anesthesia are less doses, cardiovascular side effects, and hospitalization. Femoral/Sciatic Nerve Block (FSNB) may decrease post-operative pain, nausea and vomiting, length of stay, surgical stress, morbidity and mortality and may improve mobilization and recovery of gastrointestinal function.Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to compare ULSA versus FSNB by Ultrasound (US) guided as anesthetic tech-nique for cases undergoing elective lower limb surgery.Material and Methods: This prospective randomized study was carried out on 60 adult educated patients, aged 18:60, of both sex, ASA I-II and scheduled for lower limb surgery at Tanta University Hospitals. Patients were randomized into 2 equal groups (30 patients in each); Group-I: ULSA and Group-II: US guided FSNB. Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP) and Heart Rate (HR) were recorded before block and every 15min intraoperative and at 30, 60min, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12h post-operative. Onset and duration of both sensory and motor block, the first time for need of rescue analgesia (morphine) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at rest and with activity (at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12hr) were recorded. Patient and surgeon satisfaction and any post-operative side effect were recorded.Results: Onset of sensory and motor block was signifi-cantly shorter in ULSA, but the duration of sensory and motor block was prolonged in FSNB with delayed first dose of analgesic. Intraoperative HR and MAP showed insignificant difference and post-operative significant increase in ULSA. VAS at activity showed earlier need for rescue analgesic in ULSA. There was no significant difference in surgeon and patient satisfaction with minimal side effects.Conclusion: Both ULSA with 2ml heavy bupivacaine 0.5% given slowly over one minute and US guided FSNB using combination of 0.25% bupivacaine and 1% lidocaine resulted in comparable adequate intraoperative anesthesia, stable hemodynamics and adequate surgeon and patient satis-faction with minimal side effects. US guided FSNB was superior to ULSA in post-operative analgesia.

Background: Variations of Renal Artery (RA) are impor-tant in uroradiological procedures. Pre-operative visualization of the renal vascular anatomy is crucial for selecting the proper kidney during renal transplantation and avoiding vascular injuries.Aim of Study: The present study aimed to describe RA variations and different branching patterns in a section of Egyptians using dissected cadavers and Multi Detector Com-puted Tomography Angiography (MDCTA).Subjects and Methods: The study included 207 renal pedicles (7 kidneys and 100 CT images). The specimens were examined for morphological patterns of RA. MDCTA images were evaluated for the level of origin, length, caliber and presence of additional renal arteries.Results: The renal arteries in the dissected specimens showed fork (duplicate and triplicate) and ladder patterns. The level of origin of RA in MDCTA images was at L1 (52%), L2 (32%), L1-L2 intervertebral disc (11%), T12-L1 interver-tebral disc (3%), T12 (1.5%) and L2-L3 intervertebral disc (0.5%). The mean caliber of the left RA was greater than the right RA (left 6.99±1.47mm, right 6.55±1.51mm, p=0.003). Out of 200 renal pedicles, 21 (10.5%) additional arteries were observed in the form of 13 (6.5%) accessory renal arteries, 2 (1%) aberrant superior polar arteries, 2 (1%) superior polar arteries, 3 (1.5%) aberrant inferior polar arteries and 2 (1%) dual renal arteries. The most commonly seen branching pattern was the hilar (82%), followed by prehilar (11.5%) then inta-parynchymal branching pattern (6.5%).Conclusion: Variations of RA are common in Egyptian population. The most important are the presence of additional arteries and different branching patterns. Variations in renal vasculature in relation to population should be taken in consideration during urological interventions.

In our previous work N-phthalimidomethyl methacrylate (NPMMA) monomer was prepared through the reaction of N-hydroxymethyl phthalimide with methacrylic acid in the presence of N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCI) as a condensing agent. Then a new series of copolymers containing imidazole have been synthesized through the reaction of NPMMA monomer with 1-vinylimidazole (VIM) in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The copolymer composition was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and the values of monomer reactivity ratio (r1= 0.756, r2= 1.033, and r1r2= 0.781) were calculated through Fineman Ross and Kelen-Tudos methods. Conversion of copolymers to surfactants was achieved through quaternization of the imidazole nitrogen with dimethyl sulphate. The chemical structure of the produced monomer, copolymers, co-polymeric surfactants was confirmed by spectroscopic tools. The surface properties included surface tension, foaming power, emulsion stability, critical micelle concentration (CMC) have been measured in aqueous medium by traditional procedures. Also the different air/ water interface parameters including effectiveness (πcmc), efficiency (Pc20), maximum surface excess (Γmax) and minimum surface area (Amin) were also recorded. Moreover, the biodegradability for these cationic surfactants has been investigated and their D % was ranged from 67 to 100 %.

The impact of silica-nano-particles (SNP) on the hydration characteristics of composite cement containing flyash (FA) and/or fine granulated slag (FGS) was investigated. The physico-chemical characteristics of different composite-pastes are studied in the presence of 4mass% SNP and 40% FA and/or FGS with the existence of 1mass% polycarboxylate superplasticizer (SP). The physicomechanical characteristics are studied by determination of the consistency, setting times (STs), compressive strength (CS), total porosity, (TP), bulk density (BD), chemically combined water (Wn), free lime (FL) contents and gel/space ratio (X). The phase composition of the formed hydrates is investigated using XRD, DTA∕TGA, and SEM techniques. The represented data shown that 4% SNP improve the hydration process of the composite cement pastes and exhibit superior-compressive strength than neat-cement without SNP, this is due to nano-sized-particles and higher-efficiency of good pozzolanic-action of SNP in the comparison with FA and FGS. The composite cement containing OPC–40%FGS–4%NS in presence of 1%SP possess the highest improvement of mechanical-properties, hydration-kinetics, and microstructure of hardened cement pastes.

Several abiotic stresses including salinity impact plant growth and reduce the productivity of many plants and field crops. Plantlets produced in vitro by tissue culture technique offer a direct and fast approach to investigate the mechanism of stress adaptation. The present study estimated the survival percentage of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars (Spunta and Valor) under salt stress as abiotic stresses. Some biochemical alterations and ultrastructural responses of plantlets were examined. Moreover, genetic diversity was also studied using RAPD technique. The results showed that, with the increase of external stress there was a significant decrease in the survival percentage, significant accumulation of osmoprotectants (proline) and induction of DNA damages. Furthermore, there were closing of stomatal apertures, changesin chloroplast ultrastructure and cell intercellular spaces markedly decreased. Additionally,high salt stress (150 and 200mM NaCl) caused complete inhibition of plantlet growth. Thepresent work provides insight view for the adaptation of potato plantlets to salt stress throughaccumulating of osmoprotectants and change in molecular and ultrastructure traits.

The paper discusses experimental identification of one joint of a hand made, two degrees of freedom robot manipulator, including flexibilities, under feedback. A black box system model is identified from the input-output data. Both linear, OE (Output Error) and non-linear structure (multilayer perceptrons neural network) models are treated and applied. A Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is implemented to generate our NNARX model. As regressors two past inputs and two past outputs are chosen. Furthermore network architecture is chosen with 5 hidden tanh units and one linear output unit. Fit criteria shows that the linear model has severe problems. Validation of the trained non-linear network looks quite satisfactory, and it is definitely better than the linear model. Experience has shown that regularization is helpful when pruning neural networks. A remarkable improvement in performance, when using long instead of short format for choosing neural network weights and Bias, is appreciated.

kills Brucella cells by causing lysis of the membrane, so the phenol-heat killed brucella antigen may lake specificity as a result of destruction the majority of proteins in the cell wall. Accordingly, attention was directed to produce antigen using binary ethylene imine as an inactivator. The produced antigen showed high specificity in detecting Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis-infected animals, but sensitivity was not affected in comparison with the standard Rose Bengal antigen. In Enzyme immunotransfer blot (EITB), phenol–heat killed brucella cells showed only 3 bands (37.375, 23.47 and 7.83 kDa) that denotes denaturation for at least 6 bands whereas binary inactivated brucella cells showed similarity with non-treated ones