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Background: Delirium is considered a common, life threatening and a cause of morbidity and mortality that can be prevented in ICU patients. Undetected and untreated delirium is a catalyst to increase mortality, morbidity, functional decline and result in increasing requirement for nursing care, healthcare expense and hospital length of stay. Several studies have indicated that nurses' knowledge and practices for delirium are inadequate. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess nurses' knowledge, and practices about delirium at the ICU of the Emergency Hospital, Mansoura University. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive exploratory design was used to carry out this research on fifty four nurses who are involved in providing direct care for ICU patients in Emergency Hospital, Mansoura University. Two tools were used to collect data: the knowledge evaluation sheet and observational checklist. Results: the findings showed that knowledge and practices for majority of studied nurses were unsatisfactory regarding delirium and there is no correlation between nurses' knowledge and practices scores. Conclusion: there is need for continuing education to upgrade nurses' knowledge and improve their practical skills regarding delirium. Recommendations: enrichment of nurses' knowledge and practices related to delirium to be the corner stone in care of ICU patients. As well, replication of this study on large probability sample.

Objective: This study was performed for investigation the relationship between variants of ACE, TCF7L2 and PPARGC1A gene polymorphisms individually or in combination with the development of nephropathy in T2DM. Subject and Methods: The study was included 85 T2DM patients (45 with nephropathy and 40 without nephropathy), and 45 healthy control subjects. The I/D polymorphism of ACE gene was evaluated by PCR method. The polymorphisms rs7903146 (C/T) of TCF7L2 gene and Gly482Ser (G/A) and Thr394Thr (G/A) of PPARGC1A gene were evaluated by PCR-RFLP analysis. Results: The frequency of ACE DD genotype and D allele was significantly higher in DN patients when compared to diabetic without nephropathy. The frequency of TCF7L2 rs7903146 TT genotype and T allele were significantly associated with DN patients compared to T2DM. Moreover, a significant association in A allelic frequencies was observed in DN cases compared to T2DM patients without nephropathy. No differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between T2DM patients with and without nephropathy were found for the Thr394Thr polymorphism. Conclusions: Our study suggested that candidate gene polymorphisms I/D of ACE, rs7903146 of TCF7L2 and Gly482Ser of PPARGC1A individually or in combination may act as susceptibility biomarkers for nephropathy in T2DM.