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Background: Estimation of percentage of change of blood glucose concentration (BGC) at 30- and 60-min after single dose of intravenous midazolam injection and at end of surgery in relation to pre-injection concentration. Aim of Study: Estimation of percentage of changes of blood glucose concentration (BGC) at 30- and 60-min after intravenous injection of single dose of midazolam and at end of surgery in relation to pre-injection BGC. Patients and Methods: 100 type-2 diabetic patients with fasting BGC of ³200mg/dl, ASA grade II or III and assigned for cataract surgery were evaluated clinically and received midazolam injection in a dose of 0. 0 1-0. 1 mg/kg, up to a total dose of 2.5mg, over two minutes or until patient was sedated and achieved Ramsy score 2 or 3. BGC was estimated before midazolam injection and at 30-min, 60-min after injection and at end of surgery. Then, patients received peribulbar and subtenon local anesthetic infiltration was performed. Results: All surgeries were conducted uneventfully within a mean operative time of 62.6±8.8 min. BGC showed progres-sive increases during surgery reaching a maximum at 60-min after injection and declined at end of surgery, but with non-significant differences between the three estimations and the pre-injection levels. Median value of percentage of increase of BGC at 60-min was significantly higher in comparison to median values of other estimations, with significantly higher percentage of increase at end of surgery than at 30-min after injection. Conclusion: Preemptive administration of midazolam for diabetic patients could control the surgery-induced hypergly-cemic effect and thus could protect patients against postoper-ative hyperglycemic complications.

Background: The prevalence of hyperuricemia in CKD pediatric patients increases in parallel with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline, which is present in 40% to 60% of patients with CKD stages 1 to 3 and in 70% of patients with CKD stage 4, in this study, we aimed to study the prevalence of hyperuricemia among CKD paediatric patients in stages 2,3,4 and its effect on cardiac indices, and effect of allopurinol treatment on cardiac indices. Aim of Study: The Prevalence of hyperuricemia among CKD paediatric patients and its effect on cardiac indices. The impact of treatment with allopurinol for 6 months in hyperu-ricemic CKD pediatric patients on cardiac indices. Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 78 CKD pediatric patients in stages 2,3,4, recruited from nephrology clinic Ain Shams University Hos-pital during the period from December 2019 to February 2020. Results: There were highly statistically significant negative correlation between serum uric acid level and GFR with p-value >0.001 and there were a highly significant relation between the level of uric acid and CKD stage with p-value >0.001, and there were a highly significant diffirane in cardiac indices before and after the treatment. There was a highly significant relationship between the level of uric acid before and after allopurinol treatment which showing the effectiveness of the drug for decreasing the uric acid level in the blood and it’s effect on the kidney and cardiovascular systeme. Conclusion: 6 months administration of allopurinol treat-ment in hyperuriamic CKD pediatric patients in stages 2,3,4 resulted in improving the laboratory data of (uric acid level, serum creatinine, GFR) and showing a significant effect on cardiac indices (LV structure, systolic and diastolic function).

Background: Ventilatory function and aerobic capacity each decline by ~40%, with aging leading to ventilatory limitation, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, which affected by performance of upper and lower limbs, so it is important in the elderly to use aerobic training to improve ventilatory function, by training upper limbs as well as lower limbs which not investigated previously. Aim of Study: To compare between the impact of upper versus lower limbs training on ventilatory function in elderly men. Material and Methods: Eligible 40 elderly men their age ranged from (60-65) years old, body mass index (BMI) ranged from 25 to 34.9kg/m2 participants were recruited from the Outpatient Clinic of Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt. Patients were divided into two groups equal in number; the group (A) performed upper limbs training by arm ergometer, while the group (B) performed lower limbs training by cycle ergometer for three times per a week for 12 weeks. Ventilatory function included (Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio) were evaluated pre and post intervention for 12 weeks (36 sessions). Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, both groups demonstrated significant increase of FEV 1 and FVC (p 0.05) in both groups. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that moderate intensity aerobic exercise using both arm ergometer and cycle ergometer has equally effect on improvement of the ventilatory function of elderly men.so we recommended aerobic training of upper limbs as an integral intervention in pulmonary rehabilitation program of elderly subjects.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Jojoba Oil and nanoparticles of Silver supplementation on growth performance, viability and economics in broiler chickens. A total of 192 Ross 308 broiler chicks (1-day-old) were allocated to 4 experimental treatments: CONT (control diet), JO (CONT diet with 150 mg/kg of Jojoba oil), Nano-Ag (CONT diet with 4 mg/kg nanoparticles of Silver), and JO+Nano-Ag (CONT diet plus Jojoba Oil and nanoparticles of Silver). Each treatment had 6 replicates of 8 birds. The experiments lasted for 35 days. Starter and grower diets, based on corn and soybean meal, and water were available ad libitum. Body weight and feed intake were measured from 0 to 35 days. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were calculated. Survivability rate and cost economics were calculated. Statistical comparisons were performed using a One-way ANOVA. Supplementation of JO and Nano-Ag separately as well as in the form of combined usage, increased (P

Background: Differentiating benign from malignant breast inflammatory conditions is crucial because they have totally different prognosis and management. Ultrasound Elastography can be used as a noninvasive tool for assessing inflammatory breast lesions. Strain Elastography can help pickup malignant inflammatory breast lesions and subsequently guide biopsy, while ruling out benign inflammatory lesions and sparing the patient unnecessary procedures. Aim of Study: Assess the diagnostic performance of strain ultrasound elastography added to the conventional B-mode ultrasound in evaluating inflammatory breast lesions. Patients and Methods: This study includes 33 female patients presenting with mastitis in the time period from September 2018 to October 2019. All breast lesions were assessed by Conventional B-mode ultrasound and Strain Elastography. Qualitative color-coded E-scoring and Semi-quantitative SR (strain ratio) evaluation of the sonoelasto-graphic images were performed. The results were compared to histopathologic diagnoses or follow-up for 2 weeks after antibiotic therapy, serving as reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and total accuracy were calculated for conventional B-mode ultrasound, and Strain elastography separately and then combined together. Statistical analysis was done using IBM© SPSS© Statistics version 22 (IBM© Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Kappa test tests were two-tailed. A p-value

Background: Cardiovascular complications are very com-mon in diabetic patients. Type 2 diabetic patients have elevated whole blood viscosity which is associated with these vascular complications. Aim of Study: To determine the effect of aerobic exercises on blood viscosity in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Thirty type 2 diabetic men included in the study from Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital and from outpatient clinics at Faculty of Physical Therapy Cairo University. Their mean ± SD age, weight, height, BMI and HbA1c were 47.83±3.5 years, 91.8±5.82kg, 175.2±6.4cm, 29.69±2.1 (kg/m2) and 7.15±0.63% respectively. Whole blood viscosity was evaluated before and after the training program. All patients performed moderate aerobic exercise (65%-75%) in the form of treadmill exercise program 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks, the duration of the session was about 45 minutes and consist of warming up phase of slow walking on treadmill for 5 minutes (10%:20%), training phase 35 minutes and cooling down for 5 minutes (10%:20%). Results: There was a significant decrease in the total blood viscosity post-treatment and the percent of change was 4.56%. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise is a good way to reduce blood viscosity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and this can help control vascular complications.

Plants have been used since ancient times in folk medicine, involving all medical traditions. Many plants and plant derived antimicrobial components are used in folklore therapeutics for oral hygiene. Salvia officinalis and Aloe vera extracts were assayed for the evaluation of their antimicrobial activity against two pathogenic bacteria that were identified biochemically and by VITEK2 system. The test of antibiotic susceptibility showed the resistance of the two isolates to at least ten antibiotics used in this study. In vitro investigations of nine Egyptian plant extracts showed that ethanolic Aloe vera and ethanolic Salvia officinalis extracts could exhibit an antibacterial activity against human pathogenic isolates and inhibition zones of 16.333±0.58 and 13.0 ±1.0 mm were observed when Salvia officinalis extract applied against the above-mentioned bacteria, while the inhibition zones of 13.333±0.58 and 11.667±0.58 mm were observed by Aloe vera extract.

Background: Chlorpyrifos CPF is one of the organophosphate insecticides that were interfered with the body’s hormones. Thyroid hormones are necessary to maintained normal metabolism, growth and development and the disturbance of their levels leads to adverse medical conditions. Ginger extract and selenium are effective anti- oxidants. Aim of the work: This study examined effect of CPF on the thyroid gland structure and function and the ameliorative effect of ginger extract and selenium. Material and Methods: forty rats were categorized into four groups. Control group I, group II: rats were given CPF at a dose of 6.7 mg/kg orally five days / week for six weeks, group III: rats were given CPF and ginger extract at a dose of 750 mg/kg orally, five days / week for six weeks. Group IV: rats were given CPF and sodium selenite 10 µg/Kg orally five days / week for six weeks, blood samples were taken for hormonal essay. Thyroid gland specimens were prepared for the histological and immunohistochemical studies. Results: chlorpyrifos induced functional toxic effect and destruction of the thyroid gland histological structures. There was a significant decrease in area % of the colloid and a significant increase in mean number of PCNA positive nuclei in comparison with the control group. Ginger extract and selenium eliminated the damage effect of CPF on the thyroid gland function and histological structure. Conclusion: CPF had adverse effects on the thyroid structure and function that could be eliminated by administration of ginger and selenium.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the blood transmitted hepatitis viruses. HCV infections have been identified as major causes of chronic hepatic diseases, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aims of the current study were to determine the HCV viral load between 35 hepatitis C patients in Minia governorate, Egypt, and to assess association of the viral load with abnormal liver functions including; Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), prothrombin activity and platelet count. In addition to assessing if there are any risk factors associated with the population group, sex, age and other factors. About 35 blood samples were collected from hepatitis C patients randomly selected from the outpatient clinic at the Viral Hepatitis Management Center, Minia governorate, Egypt; including males and females of different ages. Viral load was determined using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). All relevant information was collected from each patient including personal and clinical data. Current results showed that 68.60 % of the samples were from males and 31.4 % were from females, and most of them aged between 51 and 70 years. Approximately 11 (31.4 %) of the HCV patients had viral loads of

Introduction: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is considered one of the potent drugs that are used extensively in organ transplant and oncology patients. It is also used in autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, its use is accompanied with several hazards; one of these is testicular toxicity. Nacetylecysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant found to reduce CsA toxicity. Aim of the work: The study aims to determine the toxic effect of exposure to cyclosporine on the testis and to investigate the protective role of NAC. Methods: The study conducted on 50 adult male albino rats for 4 weeks divided into 5 groups, group A the negative control group, group B the olive oil group (0.5 ml/d orally), group C the cyclosporine group (25mg/kg/d orally), group D the NAC group (600mg/kg/d orally) and group E the cyclosporine+NAC group. At the end of the study the evaluation was achieved by biochemical analysis and histopathology. Results: Cyclosporine significantly affects the testis morphologically and functionally. The morphological changes are in the form of degenerative changes in the tubules with dislocation of germ cells into the lumen and irregular outlines, Congestion of blood capillaries in the interstitial tissue, and functionally the cyclosporine cause significant decrease in serum testosterone level. While co-administration of NAC with cyclosporine attenuate these effects. Conclusion: Cyclosporine causes testicular injury through oxidative stress and NAC as an antioxidant attenuates but not fully protect against cyclosporine induced testicular toxicity.

Significant reduction in tomato yield and its fruit quality occurs annually in Egypt during winter and early summer seasons as a result of chilling stress. In this study, a set of tomato lines and cultivars were estimated against their response to treatment by ATP and glycine betaine, in order to select the most promising genotypes for further breeding programs. The Field experiment was carried out at Genetics Department farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University during the winter season of 2017/2018. A Randomized Complete Blocks Design in three replicates was adopted in current investigation. The Data were recorded on different vegetative, fruit qualityand yield component traits. The results showed that the Edkawy cultivar had the most useful yield components parameters affected by the exogenous treatment followed by S. Marmande and the line KL-45. This cultivar was characterized by a large number of fruits per inflorescence and average fruit weight around 90 grams. The genetic diversity using SCoT marker technique between 11 tomato genotypes was conducted for selecting the promising genotypes for further breeding programs. The SCoT primers produced a total of 94 bands with an average 11.75 bands per primer ranged from seven (SCoT-6 and SCoT-9) to 22 (SCoT-1) per primer. Among them 84 bands were polymorphic. The highest molecular distance was among KL-41 and KL-03 (0.482). While the lowest MD was between Floradade and Edkawy (0.215). The 11 genotypes showed 14 marker loci, these markers were spread over these genotypes variously differentiating each genotype from the other.

Background: Osteopontin is an important tumor marker, since it presents as an immobilized extracellular matrix molecule in addition to present as a secreted form in body fluids involving plasma. Osteopontin levels in the plasma were found to be significantly higher in Hepatocellular Car-cinoma (HCC) patients than in healthy control individuals and also higher than in patients with chronic liver diseases. Aim of Study: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of plasma OPN level as potential markers of HCC among HCV infected patients, compared to AFP. Also, its relationship with clinicopathological features of HCC patients. Study Design: This is a retrospective case control study. Subjects and Methods: The study included 100 adult subjects; they were classified in to 4 groups: Group 1: It included 30 apparently healthy individuals (control group). Group 2: It included 30 patients with HCV positive chronic hepatitis. Group 3: It included 20 patients with HCV positive liver cirrhosis without HCC. Group 4: It included 20 patients with HCV positive liver cirrhosis and HCC. Serum Osteopontin was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ELISA. Results: The mean OPN level was (33.1±16.4) ng/ml, (27.8±13.8) ng/ml, (92.87±18.5) ng/ml and (232.13±59.7) ng/ml for control, HCV, cirrhosis and HCC groups respectively, p-value=0.0010 and there were highly statistical significant differences between the four groups (p < 0.001). The mean AFP level was (4.6±2.4) ng/ml, (8.01±2.76) ng/ml, (24.8±25.9) ng/ml and (639±2226.8) ng/ml for control, HCV, cirrhosis and HCC groups respectively, p-value=0.0014 and there were highly statistical significant differences between the four groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: OPN can be used for diagnosis of HCC and differentiation between HCC and CLD, OPN has higher sensitivity and specificity than AFP and can be used for early diagnosis. Combination of OPN wih AFP has increased both sensitivity and specificity for detection of HCC.

Background: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate use as antioxidant and anticancer may related to its high bioavailability. Aim: this study was designed to investigate the possible chemoprotective and cytotoxic effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate against Human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116) cell line. Material and methods: MTT assay was performed to detect the cytotoxic effect of Epigallocatechine-3-Gallate against normal and HCT-116 cells, and determination of gene expression of VEGF,BFGF and Caspase-3 was performed to detect the apoptotic effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Results: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate has a selective cytotoxic effect on human HCT-116 cells with no cytotoxic effect on healthy cells. At the same time, Epigallocatechine-3-Gallate increases the expression of Caspase-3 with reduction in expression of BFGF, VEGF gene . Conclusion: Epigallocatechine-3-Gallate has selective cytotoxic and chemoprotective effect against human HCT-116 cells according to its dose used.

Nowadays, the integration of wind energy plants with electrical power systems is increasing rapidly. Moreover, the stability of the power system is affected by the integration of wind energy plants. In this paper, a novel controller has been designed for improving the transient stability of the grid-connected wind generators using STATCOM based on dynamic online optimized GA-PI controller in order to enhance the damping of system oscillations. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid-connected wind energy generation system for power quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. The results show the application of the STATCOM based on the proposed intelligent controller improve the overall performance of the control system such as the reduction of the voltage fluctuation. In order to validate the proposed scheme, the simulation results have been compared with this without STATCOM. The results show that the proposed controller can accelerate the dynamic response of control system, strengthen the robustness and smoothly operation with respect to the voltage and power response as well as precisely. This paper designates the distinguished performance of the proposed dynamic optimized controller for the control of the active and reactive power of the grid-connected wind power plants.

Background: Typhoid disease remains an important pre-ventable public health problem. Typhoid is found all over the world, but the areas of risk include East and Southeast Asia and Africa particularly Egypt, most of typhoid deaths occur in children of school age or younger.Aim of Study: To assess the correlation between the environmental risk factors and typhoid disease among children and their care givers, Alqalioubiya governorate.Material and Methods: A descriptive correlative research design was utilized. Setting; study was conducted in 4 villages at Alqalioubiya governorate. A simple random sample of 313 participants was selected. Two tools were used; 1st tool a structured interviewing questionnaire includes 3 parts demo-graphic data, Knowledge and practices of the caregivers toward typhoid. 2nd tool an observational checklist for the home environment.Results: Reveals that 47.9% of participants were aged 20 to less than 30 years old with mean ± SD=29.76±7.36. All participants had governmental water while 46% found it unsafe for drinking and food preparation. One fifth kept water tanks in bathrooms, moreover; 32% kept it unclean and 9.4% stored it till water turned off. All participants had trenches sewage disposal system. There were a highly statistically significant negative correlation found between the total knowl-edge and the family history toward typhoid (p=0.000). There were a highly statistically significant positive correlation found between the total knowledge and Total practice scores (p=0.000).Conclusion: That risk of typhoid transmission not only affected by sanitation of the environment but also the practices within this environment.Recommendations: Health education program to increase public awareness for typhoid prevention and regular exami-nation of food handlers. Safe water supply program and continuous monitoring to detect any leakage or fecal contam-ination.

Background: the prognosis of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) patients is frequently done by using thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) and global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) risk scores. Only few studies were done for prediction ability of the scores with coronary artery disease. Methods: this prospective cross-sectional study included 100 patients was conducted at Mabaret Misr Alqadema and Al-Azhar University Hospitals from May 2017 till September 2018. We calculated the TIMI and the GRACE risk scores for all patients on admission then patients had coronary angiography to detect the extent of the coronary artery disease (CAD). We assessed the severity of CAD by using Gensini score and vessel score. Results: the TIMI and GRACE scores have an acceptable predictive value in identifying the extent of the CAD. A TIMI score ≥3 and GRACE score ≥102 was significantly associated with 3 vessel disease and left main disease (p

The main objective of this study was to evaluate different samples of corn silage (Whole corn plant with ears) from different regions in Egypt to determine each sample has the highest nutritive value and nutrients digestibility and therefore reduce the feed cost, increase feed efficiency and probability of lactating dairy farms. Silage samples were collected from different four areas in Egypt; El-Salhya, El-Nobarya, El-Monofia and Ganakles. The study Included three field and laboratory work cores which were; chemical composition, in-vitro and in-situ evaluation studies. The samples were analyzed for its chemical composition, Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). The silage samples were evaluated in-vitro and in-situ. In-vitro evaluation was conducted using gas production technic. Gas production (GP) was recorded at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours of incubation. The organic matter digestibility (OMD), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and metabolizable energy (ME) were measured. The in-situ experiment, involved nylon bags containing silage samples from different regions were incubated in three fistulated Barki rams for 24h. Samples were taken out at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24h of incubation. The obtained results indicated that the Ganakles silage ampel recorded the lowest (P

Background: Infertility is a major health problem affecting human life. Multiple factors contribute to male infertility. The most important one is exposure to environmental contaminants (e.g. Bisphenol A (BPA)).Aim of the work: To study the possible protective effect of Omega 3 against BPA induced changes in the pituitary testicular axis in rats.Material and method: 30 adult male albino rats were used in the study. They were divided equally into 3 groups 10 animals each. Group I served as control. Group II received BPA in a dose 1.2 mg/kg orally 6 days a week. Group III received Omega 3 in a dose 0.4 g/kg subcutaneously in addition to BPA of the same previous dose and duration. At the time of sacrifice, all rats were anesthetized with ether.Blood samples were collected for estimation of testosterone, LH, FSH and prolactin. The testes and pituitary were dissected out and processed for histological and immunohistochemical study for Caspase 3, PCNA and prolactin. The number of Caspase 3 and PCNA positive cells were counted and statistically analyzed.Results: Marked decrease in serum LH, testosterone with marked increase in serum prolactin was observed in BPA treated group. Spermatogenic cells were disorganized and degenerated. Spermatids had fragmented pyknotic nuclei. A significant increase in the rate of apoptosis and a significant decrease in the rate of proliferation of germ cells were detected on BPA exposure compared to the control . Examination of pars distalis revealed degenerative changes in acidophils and basophils in group II animals with decreased intensity of reactive mammotrophs. These changes were ameliorated in group III by administration of Omega 3 fatty acids.Conclusion: Omega 3 may protect against BPA hazardous effects through pituitary testicular axis pathway.

Diabetes is a systemic disease characterized by a state of hyperglycemia. Several changes in the respiratory functions had been detected in diabetic patients. Aim of the work: the current study estimated the efficiency of two herbal extract (ginger and echinacea) on the changes in the lung of diabetic animal model.Materials and methods: 50 adult male albino rats were used. They were divided into five groups. Control group (group I) received regular diet. Group II: diabetic group (diabetes induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 60 mg/kg). Group III: diabetic rats treated with 100mg/kg echinacea orally for 30 days. Group IV: diabetic rats treated with 400mg/kg ginger orally for 30 days. Group V: diabetic rats treated with both 100mg/kg echinacea and 400mg/kg ginger orally for 30 days. Paraffin blocks were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. Morphometric study and statistical analysis were done for the thickness of the interalveolar septum, the area percentage of collagen fibers and number of positive caspase -3 cells and CD68 positive macrophages. Ultrathin sections were prepared for electron microscopic examination. Results: Diabetes caused a significant increase in the thickness of the interalveolar septa, the area percentage of collagen fibers, the number of caspase-3 positive cells as well as the number of CD68 positive alveolar macrophages compared to the control group. Ultrastructurally, pneumocyte type II appeared with denser nucleus, numerous vacuoles and disorganized lamellar bodies. Groups treated with echinacea or ginger or both showed a significant decrease in the thickness of the interalveolar septa, the area percentage of collagen fibers, the number of caspase-3 positive cells as well as the number of CD68 positive alveolar macrophages compared to the diabetic group. These groups also showed that pneumocyte type II restored their normal appearance

Background:Patients with diabetes have a 3-fold greater chance of hospitalization compared to those without diabetes. The risk factors for hospitalizations in diabetic patients constitute poor glycemic control, longer diabetes duration, and coexisting morbidity. Other factors include, old age groups, insulin use, hypoglycemia, presence of chronic renal insufficiency and diabetes-related hospitalizations in the preceding year are other important risk factors. Aim: Our aim of the study is to report the causes, patient characteristics, and outcome of admissions of diabetic patients to the wards and emergency unit of Benha university hospital Methods: The study included 260 patients with known history of type 1 or 2 DM who were admitted from the emergency department, outpatient clinic ,and other departments of the hospital.Demographic data and laboratory investigations were collected. Results: The study constituted mainly type 2DM (90.4%). The mean age of the study population was 57± 14 years, most of them were females (55.8%).The median duration of diabetes was 10 years.The most common reason for diabetes related hospitalizations were chronic complications of DM, whereas sepsis is the most common reason of non diabetes related .The mortality rate was 26.9%, of overall deaths, cardiovascular disease was the most frequent( 47.7%).Conclusion: The most frequent reason for hospitalization in diabetic related admissions was chronic complications of diabetes. Whereas, sepsis is the most common cause in diabetic non related admissions.Cardiovascular disease is still the main cause of death among diabetics.

Feeding flaxseed to dairy animals improve milk production and reproductive performance. So, the objective of our study was to investigate effect of inclusion flaxseed in Damascus goat's ration on its reproductive performance. Twenty-four Damascus goats (31.40 ±0.50 kg weight and 2-3 years old) were divided into three groups (randomly, eight animals each). The basic diet of control group (T1) consisted of 56.67% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) and 33.33% Alfalfa hay, while the groups T2 and T3 supplemented with 10% full fat soya, 5% flaxseed + 5% full fat soya and 10% flaxseed, respectively. Inclusion flaxseed in goat’s ration at rate of 5 and 10% resulted in significant increase in all nutrients digestibility, except nitrogen free extract digestibility (NFE) as well as the nutritive values as total digestible nutrients (TDN). Dry matter intakes (DMI) of the different experimental groups were comparable. Goats in T3 recorded the highest does conceived, twinning, conception and kidding rates % as well as total kids born, than other groups (T1 and T2). On the hand T3 recorded the lowest aborted does and barren does (Zero) compared to T1 and T2. Animals of T3 recorded significant higher of total protein, globulin, Albumin and urea concentration than T1 and T2. Concerning lipids profile, the animals of T3 recorded significant lower triglycerides, cholesterol and Low-density lipoprotein concentration than those of T1 and T2. While the animals of T3 recorded significant higher High-density lipoprotein concentration compared to T2 and T1. The body weight of does is not significantly affected by any of three treatments. In conclusion, flaxseed supplementations in Damascus goat's diets during the gestation period lead to improve total tract digestibility, reduced blood lipids and normalize renal and hepatic functions and improved its reproductive performance, especially those fed on diets containing 10% flaxseed.