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The accuracyobtained byprocessing the GPS observationsis important in several applications. This research, using the three different techniques for processing GNSS/CORS stations to illustrate the variation in coordinates of some GNSS/CORS stations on each month at two different yearsusing the GPS observations. In this research, we obtained the GPS observations of five stations for one day in every month over 24 months.We tried to have the same day of each month, but there were some problems in the observation of these stations, which led to the replacement of the day in some months. The differences of coordinates between every two successive months in 2018 and 2019at all IGS stations when using the SECTOR tool at SOPAC technique arewithin 5 mm. But when usingTBC and CSRS-PPP techniques we detected that the differences in coordinates between every two successive months for IGS stations in 2018 are not the sameasin 2019.By fixing the coordinatesobtained by the SOPAC technique and compared to other techniques, in TBCthe common months between two years,which gives a high differencefor all IGS stations coordinates are July, August, October, November, Marchand December.But when using CSRS-PPP, the difference in IGS coordinates in 2018 differs from 2019 for all months. تعتبر الدقة التي يتم الحصول عليها من خلال معالجة ارصاد الـ GPS مهمةللعديد من التطبيقات. في هذا البحث تم استخدام ثلاث تقنيات مختلفة لمعالجة ارصاد محطات GNSS/CORS لتوضيح الاختلاف في احداثيات بعض محطات GNSS/CORS کل شهر في سنتين مختلفتين. في هذا البحث تم جمع ارصاد الـ GPS لعدد خمس محطات ليوم واحد في کل شهر علي مدار 24 شهر حاولنا ان يکون لدينا نفس اليوم من کل شهر لمدة 24 شهر ولکن کانت هناک بعض المشاکل في ارصاد هذه المحطات مما ادي الي استبدال اليوم في بعض الأشهر. الفرق في الإحداثيات فيمحطات IGSبين کل شهرين متتاليين في 2018 و 2019 عند استخدام أداة SECTOR في تقنية SOPAC کان في حدود 5 مم. ولکن عند استخدام التقنيات المتبقية TBC و CSRS-PPPکان الاختلاف في الإحداثيات بين کل شهرين متتاليين لمحطات IGS في 2018 ليس نفس الاختلافات في إحداثيات محطات الـ IGS في عام 2019. بتثبيت الإحداثيات التي تم الحصول عليها بواسطة تقنية SOPAC ومقارنتها مع التقنيات الأخرى حيث في الـ TBC کانت الأشهر المشترکة بين العامين والتي تعطي اختلاف کبير لجميع إحداثيات محطات IGSهي يوليو وأغسطس وأکتوبر ونوفمبر ومارس وديسمبر.ولکن عند استخدام CSRS-PPPفأن الاختلاف في إحداثيات محطات الـIGS في 2018 يختلف عن 2019 لجميع الأشهر.

Background: Pelvic pain is the most frequently intrauterine device (IUD) associated complications. Aim of work: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of core muscles strengthening exercises on the pelvic pain caused by IUD. Methods: 30 women complained of pelvic pain after IUD insertion were participated in this study. They were divided into two groups, equal in number. Group (A) received core muscles strengthening exercises and supportive advice (as heating application, hot cinnamon drinks & diaphragmatic breathing) at the painful episodes. Group (B) received the same supportive advice as group (A) at the painful episodes. Both groups were assessed before and after treatment period (10 weeks) for pain degree by visual analogue scale (VAS) and menstrual pain severity by verbal multidimensional scoring scale (VMSS) to assess pain severity experienced through the activities of daily living. Results: The results of this study revealed that, there was a significant decrease in VAS and VMSS values post treatment in group (A) compared with that pre treatment values, while there was no significant difference between pre and post treatment values in VAS and VMSS in group (B). when comparing both groups there was a significant decrease in the post treatment values of VAS and in the median values of VMSS of group (A) compared with that of group (B). Conclusion: Core muscles strengthening exercises is considered as an effective modality in reducing pelvic pain caused by IUD.

The dominant molluscan speciesPatella caerulea was selected as a trace metals bio indicator. During winter and summer 2016, its specimens were scraped from El-Mex Bay. Concentrations of heavy metals in the water, sediments andPatella caerulea (shells and soft tissues) were determined. Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) concentrations (conc.) during summer were higher than winter except for shells which had Cd conc. in summer lower than winter, water showed Cu conc. in winter more than summer, Fe appeared higher conc. in water and Patellacaerulea during winter more than summer, Mn had higher conc. in water and sediments than summer, Ni had higher conc. in water and soft tissues during winter than summer and Zn in water during summer is lower than winter. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) ofCd, Pb, Cu, Fe inPatellacaerulea shells were more than soft tissues, also they were more in winter than summer except that of Cu in winter was lower than summer, BAF of Fe in soft tissues was higher than shells also that of Mn and Zn in Patellacaerulea during winter were lower than summer, also BAFs of Mn in soft tissues and shells was nearly similar.The highest metal pollution index (MPI) for the studied species appeared in shells (105.95) followed by that of soft tissues during summer and winter (80.54 and 74.64, respectively). While MPI in shells during winter (46.13) came to the last.

people to express their interactive relationship with life, and the rapid change taking place in Egyptian society in recent years is similar to previous periods experienced by many European countries And America, where the graffiti style appeared and was used by young people in both cases to express their ideas, and a strong influence of the graffiti movement is observed on the design of clothes internationally and in the Arab world from the beginning of its appearance until now, and as a result of this, the application of the graffiti style in designing clothes helps to create designs closer to the thought of young people, and helps me Designing products that contain decorative elements and vocabulary that approach their ideas, and are easy for them to accept and purchase. That is why graffiti drawings can be considered an entry point for understanding and analyzing the needs of young people and their ways of thinking, with the aim of designing their clothes and at the same time it can be used in designing clothes for this relatively large group in the Egyptian and Arab market. However, making use of graffiti drawings in designing clothes requires a special method of application, due to the difference in the nature of the fabrics, which are the medium used in the manufacture of clothes from the walls that represent the medium used in drawing graffiti, which requires different solutions to preserve the spirit of graffiti when transferred on the cloth. Also, the works of gravity are often fast and spur of the moment as they carry an increased amount of freedom of expression, which requires special treatment of it when designing it, and for this this research seeks to study and analyze the history of graffiti and the philosophy of its patrons as well as contemporary Arab graffiti drawings to use in designing youth clothes In order to achieve resistance to the difficulties of using graffiti drawings in the design of well-known clothes. The clothes, inspired by international and Arab graffiti drawings, were distinguished by very bright colors that attract attention and its modern and youthful spirit that clearly dominates the form of design, as the letters and words were used extensively, and most of them were executed in the style of silkscreen printing, digital printing and stencils. However, the application of the graffiti style in designing clothes faces difficulty in formulating the bold spirit that characterizes graffiti works in design ideas that can be applied in the manufacture of clothing, and some works come out in their ideas on the values ​​and customs of society, and the presence of restrictions on the use of words, especially Arabic in designing clothes Some of them are religious, some are social, in addition to psychological restrictions, as well as the difficulty of implementing graffiti ideas in its abstract form on fabrics because the medium in graffiti drawings differs from the medium used in clothe

Quantitative samples of benthic invertebrates were collected by a core sampler from 4 meso-habitats of a sandy riverbed at relatively slow flowing area of a mountain stream (Takami-gawa Stream, Nara Prefecture). A stretch of ca. 75 m was chosen for the samples collection, where riffle center (RC), riffle edge (RE), center of side pool (SP) and edge of sand bar (EB) were selected for sampling. The first one is a mid-channel habitat, while the others are marginal habitats of the channel. Sampling was carried-out over 5 sampling dates during the years 2008-2009. A total of 19967 individuals of benthic invertebrates, representing 120 taxa were identified. Comparisons using Two-way ANOVA test indicated that total abundance shows significant differences between habitats and seasons, with higher density at RC and in February 2009. Taxon richness exhibited only significant differences between seasons, with also higher value during February 2009. As well, Diversity index (H’) showed significant differences between habitats and seasons, with lower values at RC and during May 2008. Dominant taxa such as Paraleptophlebia, Potamanthus, and Zaitzevia showed significant differences between habitats with higher abundance at RC. On the other hand, Oligochaeta exhibited higher abundance at RE. Benthic invertebrates were categorized into 4 groups according to their micro-vertical habitat; epifauna, fugitive fauna, occasional and permanent hyporheos. Occasional hyporheos accounted more than 50% in almost every habitat and sampling month, which was quite different from stony riffles assemblages. The insect larvae of Paraleptophlebia, Potamanthus, and Zaitzevia were predominant occasional hyporheos. This study confirms the suitability of core sampler to collect not only epifauna but also hyporheos in sandy riverbed.