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Background: Measurement of minimal residual disease (MRD) reflects the overall response to therapy, and could be used to refine the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). MRD studies by flowcytometry rely on panels of antibodies (Abs) to define unique immunophenotypic signature of leukemic blasts. Aim: to evaluate the role of CD38 and CD58 in detection of MRD in childhood B-ALL. Results: The mean age in our patients was 6.7 years. They were 54% males and 46% females. At day 14 post induction, 25% of our patients were negative for MRD, while 75% were positive for MRD. CD38 under-expression was +ve in 66.7%, while CD58 overexpression was +ve in 50% of the patients at diagnosis. There was a significant increase in +ve CD38 under-expression among patients had +ve MRD. Also there was a significant increase in +ve CD58 overexpression among patients had -ve MRD. CD38 underexpression demonstrated than CD58 overexpression. Conclusion: CD38 is a hopeful marker that needs to be used routinely for assessment of MRD. It is more informative than CD58 in B-ALL patients. CD38 under-expression has higher frequency and less modulation than CD58 overexpression during remission induction therapy.

Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to determine the barriers to evidence-based pressure ulcer prevention in Intensive Care Units. Research design and setting: A descriptive cross sectional design was selected to conduct the current study in the ICU units of Zagazig University Hospitals.Subjects: 200 nurses from the above mentioned setting who met the inclusion criteria. Tools of data collection: A Self-administered questionnaire was used. Results: Most of the nurses in the study sample (80%) were having unsatisfactory total knowledge about pressure ulcers. Majority of the nurses in the study sample (90.5%) were having positive attitudes towards the prevention of pressure ulcers. slightly more than two-thirds of them (69.0%) were having high perception of barriers hindering the application of EBP in pressure ulcers prevention. It is noticed that the highest perceived barriers were related to the work environment (62%), whereas the lowest were related to nursing (11.5%). Conclusion: The main barriers to implementation of evidence-based preventive practices for pressure ulcers revealed in the study are the nurses’ deficient knowledge, in addition to the work environment-related barriers. Recommendations: Training programs for nurses about evidence-based pressure ulcer prevention, improvement of work environment and further study for their effectiveness are recommended.