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Pedagogical assistance for hospitalized children of school age has been increasingly taking place in discussions and research involving education. This study analyzes how this type of educational assistance emerged and became a field of action for the educator. It is a bibliographic research with a theoretical deepening that qualitatively analyzed the data collected on the type of work that can be done in the hospital by the pedagogue, which is the appropriate training profile, the legislation that supportsthe pedagogical hospital care, and finally we highlight the Service of Service to the Hospital Schooling Network -SAREH in the state of Paraná. Pedagogical hospital care in Brazil began in 1950, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The search for means of access and improvement of this type of educational assistance, since the first actions offered was continuous, as attested by the consulted authors. However, the care actions were only intensified after the ratification of the Federal Constitution in 1988, which instituted education as rights of all citizens, that is, including those children who are hospitalized. In 1990 the World Conference on Education for All approved the World Declaration on Education for All. In 1994, the Salamanca Declaration was approved, which addressed those with special educational needs with access and quality through UNESCO and the World Bank. In 1990, the Child and Adolescent Statute, and 1996 the National Education Guidelines and Bases Law No. 9394 favored the implementation of school pedagogical assistance in hospitals, but this service has not yet been implemented in most Brazilian hospitals