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One of the most important directions of Russia's economic and energy strategy is to increase the efficiency in the field of heat supply. One of the options for solving this issue is using preinsulated pipelines, such as steel pipes in polyurethane foam polyethylene insulation. The experience of their application indicates several disadvantages associated with defects in pipes in polyurethane foam insulation and installed pipelines. The studies carried out made it possible to identify the main defects and inconsistencies in the manufacture and installation of preinsulated pipelines and the reasons for their occurrence. Following this, the authors have developed a set of operations and control tools during the installation of pipes in polyurethane foam PE insulation, clarifying the requirements of the input, operational and acceptance types of control, which contribute to improving the quality of the finished product, which was the purpose of this work.

Production processes sometimes are accompanied by the release of hazardous substances, the composition and volume of which is determined by the production technology. When designing ventilation systems for paint departments, special attention is paid to safety concerns, since all paint coatings are corrosive and flammable substances. Besides, solvent vapors are explosive. For local ventilation of painting chambers, it is rational to use safe exhaust systems with an ejector, which works sturdily, regardless of the release of flammable and explosive impurities. The ejector is simple in design and can operate in a wide range of changes in the parameters of the state of airflow. The model of the ejection unit is synthesized using the universal modeling package ChemCad, which contains a highly developed database of airflow parameters, which allows for solving various applied problems. Numerical modeling was carried out using the software package - FLUENT. In work, a calculation was carried out and a low-pressure ejector was designed for a typical painting booth. The calculation results are presented in the form of graphs and tables of pressures, velocities, flow rates in characteristic sections, pressure losses in the sections of the ejector installation.The ejection coefficient was also calculated.

Some topical issues of strategic planning of construction and reconstruction of heat supply systems are considered in the article, taking into account the features of its organization in the certain territories of our country with different climatic, economic, city-planning and social conditions. The article presents the results of the analysis of the strategic documents of the heat supply development in various countries, which showed the need of formation of management instruments, providing the possibility of planning of specific scenarios of the heat supply development in the territories of our country. The key conditions of strategic planning, are revealed. They include providing the solution of social and environmental problems as well as the matters of energy security of consumers, which are in the centre of global environmental challenges now. The legislative arrangements and the experience of the use of "Heat Supply Schemes" in the territories of the Russian Federation are chosen as the materials. The scenario approach with the use of the method of the hierarchy analysis is considered to be the basis for planning of construction and reconstruction of the facilities of the heat supply systems. According to the scientific approach, chosen in the research, the level hierarchy of the strategic planning process is offered. The major factors, influencing the development of heat supply of territories are analysed, the main factors and their purposes, as well as the basic scenarios of the development, are described. The authors offer four scenarios for the choice of options for construction and reconstruction of the facilities of heat supply systems, taking into account the practice of its organization in various countries. The importance of the basic scenarios for the strategic development of the heat supply system in the territory is estimated according to the hierarchy levels on the basis of the method of paired comparisons with the subsequent aggregation of the received results. The approbation of the offered management instrument on the example of the urban area allow to prove the scenario of the decentralized heat supply of the explored territory as the most perspective scheme as well as to raise the questions of possible expansion of the offered management instrument.

Future district heating systems need to be more flexible and move towards a carbon-neutral generation. Compression heat pumps are foreseen to be promising future tools for district heating systems in EU countries. The paper presents the simulation data or a vertical double-pipe geothermal heat exchanger with ethylene glycol-Al2O3 as a working fluid. To simulate the operation of the heat exchanger, the STAR-CCM + CFD application was used. It has been determined the optimal volume particle concentrations of nanofluid and enhance of heat exchanger performance.

In this paper, there is analyzed the results of exergy economic optimization of heat-cooling supply in building by using the solar heat pump system. It is possible to realize a system having high reliability in operation of the system. The solar heat pump system according to the present technical decision has high energy efficiency while ensuring reliability, and is useful as a domestic air conditioning and heating water heater. It can also be applied to uses such as industrial heating and cooling devices.

The article proposes a hierarchical management model for heat supply to consumers based on the method of bilevel programming. An organizational model of heat supply to consumers in the form of a Unified Heat Supply Organization in a two-tier control system is considered, when the regulators (regional tariff service) manages tariffs for consumers, and heat sources cover the given demand from consumers from the condition of obtaining maximum profit. With the help of bilevel approach, the technical and economic indicators of the district heating are calculated. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to take into account the technical and economic characteristics of heat sources and heat networks, the interests of the participants in the process of heat supply to consumers and to determine the optimal conditions for controlling the functioning of district heating systems.

The article is devoted to the calculation of nodal prices for heat energy in heat supply systems. The problem, mathematical model and method of calculating nodal prices of heat energy for all consumers of the heat supply system considered, taking into account the different cost of heat production by sources, optimal flow distribution, and placement of consumers in the heat network (distance from the source). As the main computational tool for calculating nodal prices for heat energy, the Lagrange multiplier method used in the problem of modes optimizing in heat supply system, which allows explaining in detail the formation of the price for heat energy in each node. With the help of the proposed methodological support, practical research has been carried out for real heat supply system.

A software package for neural network modelling, analysis and decision-making to improve the reliability of the heat supply system is presented. The features of heat sources and heating networks are taken into account when modelling. The trends and recommendations for improving reliability are presented.

The paper describes a mathematical model of the heat pump system of autonomous heat supply. Calculations of the temperature at the outlet of the pipeline and the heat pump are given; heat generation and heater condition.

Our paper focuses on the development of effective pathways for ensuring sustainable development of urban heat supply systems in the context of liberalization of economic relations in the energy sector. Using the example of the Moscow region, we reveal regularities in the change in the structure of heat sources and the organization of the main elements of the heat supply system. In addition, we propose an improved method for the formation of the marginal tariff for heat taking into account the structure of heat sources and allowing to eliminate the existing disadvantages of introducing market-based pricing methods. Moreover, we develop a mechanism for the sustainable development of centralized heat supply systems based on the organization of competitive selection of heat suppliers and the method of forming the maximum heat tariff.

One of the energy-efficient technologies is the use of injectors in heat supply systems. Steam-water injectors are very sensitive to changes in the thermodynamic parameters of water and steam. The operating range of such devices is limited to boiling liquids. The search for ranges of thermodynamic parameters that ensure the operation of the injector in real conditions of functioning of heating networks is an urgent task. The maximum energy-saving effect can be achieved by replacing devices that reduce steam pressure by injectors in which there will be a simultaneous decrease in steam pressure, heat transfer between steam and return network water to achieve the necessary thermodynamic parameters of the mixed flow. The article presents the results of modeling the operation of a steam-water injector with a cylindrical mixing chamber, taking into account the actual values of temperatures and pressures in the heating network. With constant parameters of hot steam, the possible ranges of the injector for the temperatures and pressures necessary for the implementation of temperature schedules for regulating heating networks are determined. The procedure for identifying input parameters that ensure the implementation of temperature schedules of heating networks has been carried out. Equations are obtained that allow one to determine the temperature of the water leaving the injector from the injection coefficient for the found working pressure ranges of the injected water.

This article states the problems with the use of central heating stations, as well as the need to introduce individual heat points. As a result, the authors considered the issue of improving the energy efficiency of heat supply systems in Russian cities while replacing central heating stations with individual heat points. The beneficial effects of the activities are especially noted.

Thermohydraulic dispatcher (THD) can be widely used in district heating systems. Heat source is one of the possible places of its application. In this case, it is possible to achieve hydrodynamic separation of heat source and heat supply network. This paper deals with comparison of three types of heat substation connection to heat source: conventional system, DVSP system, THD-based system. The latter two have variable speed pumps instead of throttling valves. Based on electricity consumption and investment costs calculations, total discounted costs of three systems were estimated. In result, DVSP system is more beneficial, while conventional system and THD-based system have high operational and investment costs accordingly.

Annotation The paper considers the issue of improving the reliability of heat networks due to timely detection of deviations of actual operating conditions from the normative-sections of the heat network located in a humid environment, intensifying the processes of external corrosion of metal. The use of the software complex in real time analyzing and notifying about the operating conditions of thermal networks, deviations from the normative values is proposed. A method for automated calculation of normative values of coolant temperature is developed.

Improving the efficiency and energy saving of energy complexes and heat supply systems is one the most important fields of the Russian economy modernization. In the field of industrial heat and power engineering, the increasing energy efficiency is an urgent task both at the design stage and at the equipment operation stage. For these purposes, numerical modeling methods are actively used. The paper presents the developed mathematical model of the pipeline located in the soil, which allows improving efficiency of energy systems and heat supply systems at the stage of operation. Also this paper presents the results of laboratory studies, namely, the informative frequency ranges of the investigated pipeline for further assessment of its technical condition.

The main types of use of thermal impact on grain used in agricultural production are analyzed. The perspective patented design of energy–saving installation for grain drying is offered. The installation uses a contact method of heat supply to the processed product. The results of studies on the optimization of the main parameters of the grain drying process are presented.

The article shows the effect of the stage of internal combustion of biomass (pine sawdust) with insufficient and excessive heat supply. Thermochemical conversion of pine sawdust was carried out first in a dynamic mode to different temperatures of 280, 320, 360, 440 and 440 ° С, and then transferred to the isothermal mode for 1 hour. As a result, the following results were obtained: 1) Hydrogen does not form when heated to 280 ° C; it is formed in small quantities at 320 ° C. From a temperature of 360 ° C and higher, the formation of hydrogen becomes significant. You can also select two modes of education, which is especially noticeable at a temperature of 440 ° C. 2) In the cases of CH4, H2O, CO and CO2, three stages of formation can be distinguished: low-temperature, medium-temperature and high-temperature. For each selected stage, the corresponding kinetic coefficients were calculated.

The efficiency of works on replacement of steel pipelines of hot water supply of Kazan with pipes from polymer materials was considered. Due to the high corrosive activity of water, the service life of hot water pipelines does not exceed 8-10 years. To improve the reliability and quality of the supply of hot water to consumers, the possibility of modernizing hot water supply networks using pipelines made of polymer materials is being considered. The problem of physical wear of heat supply networks is disclosed; analysis of polymer pipelines use for energy saving purposes is carried out. Thermal energy savings are calculated after the modernization of heating networks. The costs, savings and payback period of the energy-saving measures are determined.

The scope of operations of the branch where the survey was carried out is: transmission and distribution of heat and heating medium to consumers through heat supply networks, maintaining the proper quality and amount of thermal power and heating medium supplied, ensuring contractual activities with heat consumers, as well as control of compliance with the consumption regimes stipulated by contracts, ensuring payments from consumers for supplied heat and heating medium, development and implementation of measures ensuring maximum efficiency of heat supply activities. The purpose of the work performed is to determine the actual heat losses through the thermal insulation of the surveyed heating networks and to compare them with normative values. The article presents an analysis of materials on the heat supply system; test findings for actual heat losses in a heat supply pipeline; calculation of actual heat losses for each section and their adjustment to average annual operating conditions of the given heat supply network; comparison of calculation results with normative characteristics. The test findings are used in developing the output performance for the «Heat Loss» indicator and in setting of norms for operating heat losses. The heat supply source for the heat pipeline is the CHP-plant. The pipelines are routed above ground on high and low supports, as well as in crawl ways. The thermal insulation of the pipelines is mainly made of 50 mm blankets of mineral wool and is typical for heat supply networks. In overhauls of heat supply networks, polyurethane foam is partly used as thermal insulation.

Cultivation of agricultural crops in winter season is carried out in special greenhouses. For heating greenhouses, a huge amount of heat energy is consumed. In the conditions of Turkmenistan, up to 1500 tons of standard fuel per year is consumed to heat the greenhouse with an area 1 hectare. The increase in heating costs leads to an increase in the prices of grown products. Therefore, saving fuel energy in the greenhouses is one of the most important economic factors. Possibilities of using the heat of the combustion products of steam boilers at the Mary State Electric Power Station (Turkmenistan) for heating greenhouses are discussed in the article. For this purpose, a special contact heat exchanger is installed on the line of the outgoing combustion products of steam boilers. In the experimental facilities, water is injected from top to bottom, and combustion products move in the opposite direction. In this case, the temperature of the combustion products decreases from 120-150 °C to 30-40 °C. The temperature of the cooling water of the combustion products rises from 10-20 °C to 40-45 °C. To increase the contact surface of water and gas in a contact heat exchanger, spray-type layer conductor is used. A distinctive feature of the experimental facility is the use of local materials as a spray-type layer with a conductor. For subsoil heating of greenhouses, water is supplied with the temperature of 40 °C, and for the raise of the vegetables grown in them water is supplied with the temperature of 22-25 °C. The use of the heat of combustion products to heat greenhouses is of great importance both for saving fuel and for purifying the environment from harmful emissions.

The system of integrated heat supply from steam boilers using condensation heat exchangers based on thermal testing of the boiler unit TGMP-114S in the Syrdarya HPS, which is the largest heat power station in Uzbekistan with a capacity of 3200 MW, was considered. It has been calculated that the increasing of the efficiency the heat supply system for this boiler is equal to 3.4%.

Heat supply in Russia, most of which is located in a territory with a harsh climate, is the most important social sector of the economy, largely determining the country’s energy security. Over the past period of reforming in the heat supply many problems have accumulated. This is due, first of all, to the lack of effective mechanisms for managing their functioning and development. At the same time, there is every reason to believe that the target model of the heat market adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation not only does not eliminate these problems, but further aggravates the situation

The article shows that the problem of dimension is a significant obstacle to the automation of solving the problem of finding optimal hydraulic modes of heat supply systems. To overcome this problem, the authors have previously proposed a hierarchical approach to optimizing the hydraulic modes of heat supply systems. The article discusses the problem of aggregating distribution heating networks within the framework of this approach. To solve it, the previously proposed by the authors of loop reducing dynamic programming method is adapted. Its operability and computational efficiency are checked on computational experiments.

Heat supply is the industry which forms the comfortable living environment in many respects. It is especially felt in those regions, where climatic conditions demand maintenance of the comfortable thermal mode during the cold winter period. On the one hand, the efficiency of the heat- supplying enterprises activity determines the level of the population comfort, including temperature condition in rooms, uninterrupted heat supply, on the other hand, it influences the tariff level for heat supply services. The article presents the results of the research, which purpose was to reveal the indicators of the heat-supplying enterprises activity, allowing to estimate their efficiency in the most complete way from the position of various stakeholders. The system of indicators, created as a result of the conducted research, can be used by both management of the enterprise, and external stakeholders for the efficiency evaluation of the heat-supplying enterprise in statics and in dynamics.

Methods for determining the effective heating radius (EHR) in district heating systems (DHS) are developed, taking into account ensuring of reliable heat supply to consumers. EHR is such a length (distance) of a heat network (HN) from a district heat source (HS) to a consumer, within which the district heat supply of a given consumer is economically more profitable than a distributed (autonomic) one. Thus, the search for EHR for different transmission heat pipelines (TP) connected to the considered HS determines of its operation zones in different districts of the city. In addition, to the main problem of the EHR search, the assessment of nodal reliability indices (RI) for each consumer is carried out, on the basis of which the obtained EHR solutions are corrected (if necessary). As a result, we can determine the zones of district heating in DHS, within the framework of which not only energy and economically effective, but also reliable heat supply to consumers is provided. The developed methodical ensuring was used in the development of an optimal heat supply scheme for the Irkutsk city (Eastern Siberia, Russia). The brief review on the results of the conducted practical researches case study is presented.

The paper aims to verify the hypothesis about cooperation expediency of different in scale and similar in activity entities in the form of the entrepreneurship cluster for ensuring energy needs of the region. The integral coefficients of economic development of the innovative component of industrial enterprises on energy activity, the financial component of communal enterprises for heat supply, the readiness of small enterprises operating in the energy industry for innovative transformations has been analysed. Modeling of the competitive environment of the entrepreneurship cluster allowed to reveal logical interrelation between the level of technological changes in industry and technological capabilities of communal and small enterprises and to define their sectoral positions.

The relevance of the research topic is caused by the need to form new innovative approaches in the field of heat supply, aimed at modernizing thermal power plants that provide heat to urban areas. In recent years, the Russian government has adopted several state programs related to environmental protection, directed towards reducing the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Thermal power plants are objects whose emissions significantly pollute the environment. Considering the wear of equipment, according to various estimates, reaches 60-80% in different regions, such equipment is extremely necessary to be modernized. Using the mechanism of public-private partnership in the field of heat supply is examined in this study. An algorithm for constructing a model in the field of creating mini thermal power plants is considered. They provide heat supply to individual urban areas, as well as to ensure a significant reduction in the level of environmental pollution. The main financial indicators are estimated based on the above algorithm. This project’s performance is assessed on the basis of financing both from the state and private companies. Conclusions about using the proposed model for the development of heat supply are drawn.

The article analyzes the main advantages and disadvantages of centralized and decentralized heat supply systems in high-rise districts. The main schemes of centralized heat supply systems are considered. They include centralized heat supply from boiler houses, centralized heat supply from autonomous heat sources, heat supply from roof boiler houses and door-to-door heating supply. For each of these variant, the gas distribution systems are considered and analyzed. These systems vary depending on the heat source location. For each of these systems, technical and economic indicators are taken into account, the analysis of which allows choosing the best option for districts where high-rise buildings predominate.

The article presents special characteristics of mathematical modeling of the process control a resource efficient heat supply system of industrial buildings and facilities, where constant temperature maintenance is especially critical for the process. A functional diagram of the operation of the continuous heat supply process is provided. The dependence of temperature at the point of heat-transfer fluid mixing on environmental is analyzed and control system operation algorithm is proposed.

The choice of direction of heat supply systems development in cities is an important task for the authorities, district heating companies and consumers. The author focuses on two main problems in heat supply development questions: territory zoning by type of heat supply and determination of economically feasible heat supply systems sizes. For the solution of these problems, the mathematical model and algorithms were developed. For the solution of this task algorithms were developed.

The paper formulates the problem of ensuring the reliability of the heat supply system due to the optimal distribution of reliability parameters in the system, including taking into account capabilities of an active consumer to replace part of the load with own sources of thermal energy. Methods and models for solving this problem are proposed, which are based on the theory of random processes, the theory of hydraulic circuits, and the basic laws of heating. Results of the computational experiment based on the developed methodical apparatus are presented. The possible economic effect of using an active consumer for solving the describe problem is also reviewed in the paper.

A mathematical model of the heat and hydraulic regimes (HHR) of the heat supply system (HPS) is given in time, taking into account the transport delay, disturbing, and control actions. Based on the simulation of the HHR, the indicators of consumer security integrated over the billing period were developed. The analysis of heat deficit indicators allows us to adopt a decision on the placement of additional control units to improve the regime controllability. The approach to the task of placing intermediate stages of regulation based on the construction of path matrices from final consumers in the direction of the reverse flow of the coolant is given. The model is implemented in the information-computational complex (ICC) “ANGARA-TS” for the calculation of the HHR of HPS, which is developed in the Melentiev Energy Systems of SB RAS.

The paper suggests the methodology to assess the reliability of both the heat network schemes under design and the existing heat network schemes, that allows to determine availability factor and failure-free operation probability on the basis of the input data including the length, diameter and exploitation time of pipeline segments of the heat networks. As a result of the research, the additional factors that have a significant impact on the reliability of heat supply to consumers have been determined. The impact of these factors on the heat network reliability relying on the experimental data provided by regional heat supply organizations has been assessed. Additional factors were taken into account when developing a new methodology and algorithm for calculating heat supply reliability indices. The program for calculating the consumer heat supply reliability is worked out.

The article analyzes the current state of the Russian heat power engineering and identifies the main problems in its economic development. From the position of an integrated approach, the problems of the Russian heat supply system are divided into three categories: technological, economic and social. The using electricity for the needs of heat supply is determined as an effective way of solution these problems. In this context the electric heat supply is offered as an alternative to the modern heat supply system. The article identifies the main factors of electric heating, showing its economic advantages over other types of heat supply systems. On this basis the authors justify the prospects of electric heating system from the point of view of economic development of the Fuel Energy Complex and the national economy as a whole.

The problem of process modeling of heat supply systems operation with the appropriate of the special software is presented in the article. The purpose of the simulation is to identify the most likely and dangerous accidents, the quantitative and qualitative assessment of them, the frequency of their occurrence, the size of the damage, etc. The implementation of the solution presented in the work is already useful at present to improve the design and further operation of heat supply systems, and as a consequence also for consumers of thermal energy. The use of simulated modeling of heat supply system operation processes significantly reduces the strength calculation time, allows simulating various pipeline route configurations, performing their comparative analysis, and choosing optimal characteristics for the simulated system.

One of the key indicators of heat supply organizations is the reliability of energy facilities. The index of reliability of heat supply organization is of interest to potential investors, to assess the risks of investing projects. We propose a method of determining the reliability of heat supply organizations with the use of SAW (simple additive weighting method). We are developing a versatile program and the analysis of heat supply organizations on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. This criterion is of significant interest for potential investors to assess the risks of investing projects. All values for the calculation of the reliability of heat supply organization founded and are publicly available. The method of determining the reliability of heat supply organizations with the use of SAW. Developed a versatile program allows you to analyze the performance reliability of any heat supply organizations.

In the present article, the heat and power supply system based on the distributed cogeneration and created as part of the APEC Summit and development of the southern Far East is considered. A brief review of the experience of operating the gas turbine units of the Co-generation plant in the Russky Island is given. The output of the heat energy over 2015 reached 142.228 thousands Gcal which is larger than that in 2014 by 18.8 %. The specific reference fuel consumption for electric supply was 272.4 g/(kW*h) while for heat supply – 195.8 kg/Gcal. In spite of partial load of the stations with regard to electric and heat energy (volumes of consumptions by the connected consumers is less than designed loads), the indices of reference fuel consumption suggest the efficiency of the generation equipment of co-generation plant.

The main task of energy-efficient heat supply is to ensure full compliance between the produced and consumed thermal power, subject to a minimum of reduced costs. To achieve this goal, various methods of central and local regulation are applied. Analysis of the thermal schemes of some cities in Russia showed that most of the heat sources of centralized heat supply systems are not able to support the design hightemperature graphs with central regulation. Therefore, the area of centralized qualitative method of regulation of heat load has decreased substantially. A perspective direction for the further development of heat supply systems is to appeal to the experience of foreign countries, i.e. the use of qualitative-quantitative and quantitative methods of central regulation and low-temperature heat supply. There is also an acute problem of the complete use of heat by consumers, since overstating of the temperature of the return water substantially reduces the efficiency of heat sources. A new formula has been obtained which makes it possible to predict the temperature of the return network water in variable operating modes of heating points. The resulting formula can be used to set up programmable regulators and will allow correcting irrational modes of operation of heat supply systems.

A closed two-phase thermosyphon experimental setup with the possibility of recording the coolant and its vapors temperatures was developed. We proved the use of the V. M. Borishansky and S. S. Kutateladze correlations for the determination of the critical heat flux in closed two-phase thermosyphons with the ratio of their internal diameter to the length of the heat supply zone in the range of 1 < dBhym / Lu < 2.

Article is devoted to increasing efficiency of heat supply systems. We demonstrate research results and an analysis of dependences of overall heat supply system performance indicators at various levels of equipment of consumers with the automated individual heating substations.

The article deals with the problem of optimizing the hydraulic modes of radial heat supply systems with a single heat source and pumping stations. The features of the problem under consideration are the presence of several target functions and a fixed flow distribution. The topology of the networks under consideration allows using the equivalent branching methods of branches connected in parallel and in series to reduce the design schemes to single equivalent branches. To solve this problem, the original method proposed by the authors earlier is adapted. The proposed method was tested on an aggregated scheme of a real heat supply system. Computational experiments have shown the performance and computational efficiency compared with the methods proposed earlier.

The district heating system of Karaganda (Kazakhstan) is considered in the article. The characteristics of the existing cogenerators and the state of the pipeline networks are given. Given the analysis of the existing state of the entire district heating of Karaganda. Proposed the program for the integrated development of the heat supply system bringing world experience in implementing the main development and modernization of heating networks. Shown the experience of reconstruction of heat supply facilities in the city of Karaganda within the framework of the state loan program “Nurly Zhol”. Based on the statistical data on the development of the city of Karaganda and its heat supply system the predicted heat loads are given until 2030. Due to the shortage of available heat capacity, options for the development of a centralized heat supply system in Karaganda are given and analyzed.

The problem of optimal load distribution between district and distributed heat sources (heat sources of prosumers) in the district heating systems are considered. The methodical approach and mathematical model for solving this problem are proposed. They are based on methods of the theory of system energy researches, theory of industrial organization, theory of hydraulic circuits, and basic laws of cogeneration. The case study results obtained by using the developed methodology are presented. The potential economic effect of the prosumer adoption under specified conditions is demonstrated. The conclusions and directions for further research are formulated.

District heating systems as strategic objects from the point of view of state security must ensure reliability and security in supply of heat to their customers [1, 2]. Thanks to computer simulation methods, district heating companies can analyse the operation of the heating networks at the design and operation stage. Computer simulations also offer a wide range of possibilities in the aspect of optimization of the district heating operation as well as prediction and analysis of network failure effects [3-6]. The paper concerns the simulation of a district heating network. The methods for the simulation of heating networks were characterized and simulations of district heating system were carried out. The effects of the failure were analysed at different values of outside temperatures and for different durations of failure. The value of compensation for undelivered heat was also determined. Simulations were carried out for an actual district heating system located in Rzeszow.

The paper investigates parameters of noise and vibration distribution in the territory of residential area depending on the structural materials and power of independent heat supply systems. Rooftop boiler rooms are decentralized heat supply systems in buildings. Today, residential areas are strongly affected by noise and vibrations. Adverse effects are isolated by buildings materials, protective shields and floating floors. Rooftop boiler rooms located in Tyumen city were investigated within this research. Structures of rooftop boiler rooms were analyzed. Acoustic analysis results and the parameters of equivalent continuous sound level are presented. An option for improvement of rooftop boiler rooms structures is suggested. Comparison of capital investments in construction and installation activities is carried out. Conclusion on capital investments required for noise protection is made.

The study presents the concept and computations of the CO2compression for the purposes of transport and underground storage of the gas. Cooling between individual stages is needed to reduce the power needed for CO2compression. Heat obtained from the cooling process can be used to provide heat to the municipal heat power systems. A design of a heat accumulator for storage of excess heat was proposed in order to improve heat supply safety. The solution proposed in the study allows for heating condensing power units using waste heat from the CO2cooling process.