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In the emergence of global problems of nature and man, these problems have natural anthropogenic roots; the presence of periodic changes in climatic processes; the atmosphere is the shell surrounding planet Earth., natural factors that shape the climate, astronomical, geographic, circulation factors, the increasing influence of anthropogenic activities on the chemical and physical composition of the atmosphere; ;rapid development of natural resources, rising sea levels and water pollution, rapid growth of natural and industrial disasters, increasing anthropogenic impact on the atmosphere; population of the globe, countries, cooperation of international organizations; wind, water, solar energy, renewable energy sources; methods and technologies that reduce methane emissions; technological and transport accidents; Fire safety; continued promotion of climate change; our planet is our common home; improving the technology for rational waste disposal in manufacturing sectors; search for the geographical basis for changes in the indicators and consequences of climate warming within regions and its elimination; promoting issues in this topic.

The article discusses the results of scientific and economic experience carried out in the winter - in the spring period, which showed that when raising newborns and calves in dispensary houses in the open air, it is necessary to strictly comply with a number of favorable conditions; calving of cows should take place in stalls: newborn calves in must be kept in a place with their mothers for 24 hours; Calves should be provided with more careful care and their own - temporary feeding, daily addition of dry straw bedding. Young animals raised in the open air, subject to all these specified conditions, are significantly less susceptible to gastrointestinal diseases, grow better and use high-quality roughage more.

The article presents the results of research on the selection of a transmission shaft of an optimal design for a small-sized, simple-constructed crushing device and theoretical determination of its parameters. According to the analysis of rectangular, trapezoidal, oval, tubular and conical transmission rods, trapezoidal rods have an optimal construction. Such rods ensure the convenient transmission of the stalks to be crushed, as well as compression of the material from both sides, accumulation and transmission. For this reason, we adopt a trapezoidal transmission line to the blue stem feed shredder. Based on the results of the theoretical research of transmission rods, it was determined that the stalks transmitted from the rod to the crusher depend on the shape of the rod and some parameters. According to theoretical studies, in order to transfer the crushed feed to the device and its supply channels with a comfortable and low resistance, the length of its transfer chute should be 65 cm, the width of the front part of the chute should be 40 cm, the width of the part connected to the supply chute should be 20 cm, and the slope of the chute should be 27°.

This article is based on the modeling of the operating mode of the membrane electrolyzer in the production of caustic soda through a neural network. In the course of work, a neural network model of the operation of the electrolyzer element was developed. Neural network software was used to create and train neural networks. The purpose of this work is to create an accurate model of the electrolyzer element using the following tasks was to create: the process of designing optimal structures of neural networks and their training, creating an electrolyzer model by training neural networks, as well as processing the modeling results. As a result of this work, a neural network model was developed, which allows to quickly and accurately calculate the result of the operation of the electrolyzer under any initial conditions.

The outcomes of experimental investigations into ascertaining the hydraulic resistance of a vortex apparatus, featuring swirling gas and liquid flows under diverse design and operational conditions, are showcased. These examinations on pressure loss in vortex-type apparatuses facilitate the estimation of energy consumption for activities such as dust removal, contact heat exchange, gas absorption purification, and other processes conducted within gas-liquid systems. Notably, it has been observed that the hydraulic resistance of the scrutinized vortex apparatus is markedly lower compared to the pressure drop encountered in nozzle-type and plate-type apparatuses. Furthermore, it does not surpass the resistance exhibited by high-efficiency vortex-type apparatuses of alternative designs. The hydraulic resistance of hollow vortex apparatuses, equipped with tangential swirlers, is contingent upon variables such as gas phase velocity, liquid flow rate, apparatus design parameters, and the physical properties of the working media. Through the meticulous analysis of experimental data, calculation dependencies have been derived to determine the resistance coefficients of both dry and irrigated vortex apparatuses. These dependencies prove to be practical and convenient from an applied standpoint.

Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a groundbreaking tool in the realm of technical higher education, paving avenues for immersive and interactive learning experiences. Developed nations have capitalized on this technology, showcasing remarkable advancements in VR labs’ implementation. However, integrating such innovations in developing countries requires a distinct approach, taking into account their unique challenges. This article delves into the experiences of developed nations, elucidates the challenges faced by developing countries, and proposes a tailored roadmap to navigate the path to successful VR lab integration.

The aim is to increase the mobile nutrient content in the soil by applying optimal nitrogen and potassium fertilizers without the use of phosphorus fertilizers on irrigated typical gray soils moderately supplied with mobile phosphorus. Significant differences are observed in the amount of mobile phosphorus in the soil from the beginning and till the end of the vegetation. It ranged between 24.28-27.15 mg / kg in the driving layer and between 15.20-19.05 mg / kg in the sub-driving layer. The amount of N-NO3 increased during the vegetation to 29.1-34.4 mg / kg in the driving layer, N-NH4 in the driving layer changed to 3.1-4.2 mg / kg. Exchangeable potassium was found to fluctuate between 148.72–177.82 mg / kg in the driving layer at the end of the vegetation period and varied between 179.2–182.75 mg / kg in the sub-driving layer.

Research on plant feedstock for farm animals and poultry is now a pressing issue. Seeding with field isolates occurs in the soil layer in the autumn period. The infestation of isolates remains in the form of spores on crop residues during the winter period. The research aimed to conduct a mycological assessment of the field isolates prevalence in soil, green mass, and agricultural products in the farms of the Agricultural Production Cooperative [APC] “Tukaya” of the Baltasinsky district, the Agricultural firm “Archa” of the Arsky district, and the APC “Kubnya” of the Kaibitsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The mycological screening was carried out in the specialized laboratories of the Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety. To determine the toxicity, a biotesting method based on the survival rate of ciliated cultures was used after one hour of exposure in the extract of the studied product. The climatic conditions of the spring-summer period of 2020 were characterized by increased humidity in combination with temperature changes. In the research, a spread of fungi of the genus Fusarium (F. oxysporum, F. graminearum F. sporitrichioides), Penicillium (P.notatum, P.glaucum, P.chusodepim, P. expansium) was detected in crops. And fungi of the genus Aspergillus were more often sown in grain feeds (A.fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger). During the determination of toxicity, it was found that all the objects studied: soil, green mass, and feed are non-toxic, the survival rate of infusoria was 86%–100%. The authors recommend conducting regular feed screening and taking preventive measures that will make it possible to prevent the spread of aggressive field isolates in the agricultural complexes of the Republic of Tatarstan.

The article presents a method for determining the optimal technological and design parameters of the process, as well as the procedure for conducting technological analysis in the Aspen Plus environment. With the help of a wide range of thermodynamic models and process property databases, this modeling environment allows for an accurate representation of their behavior in the production of nitric acid. By using computer modeling in Aspen Plus, a 60.09% aqueous solution of HNO3 was obtained for 93465.8 kg/h of air and 5458.9 kg/h of ammonia. The objective of this modeling was to determine the optimal process parameters and its configuration, conduct a technological analysis, and determine the flows and properties of substances at various points. The main process parameters were analyzed, and their interrelation is shown in the graphs.

In the article, the distribution of symmetrical loads operating in extreme load, taking into account the total power of the consumers in the power network, was modeled by installing solar panels in apartments. As a result, as a result of the use of solar panels with a total power of 34 kW in the houses in the cable distribution network with a length of 0.444 km, a reduction of active power loss of 21382 kWh (37%) is achieved, a reduction of reactive power loss is achieved by 7309kVAR*hour (37%), the level of overloading of the cable network was 1- in the section of households, from 105% to 85%, and in the section of the last households, a decrease is achieved from 14% to 6%. In addition, it was found that the voltage drop at the ends of the apartments is not at the required level, and when the solar panels are connected, it is at the limit values.

The article presents the results of a study of the magnetic permeability and the magnetostriction coefficient of a magnetoelastic material on temperature, tensile forces, as well as the dependence of sensitivity to a large extent on the absence of joints in the design of a magnetoelastic transducer (MT). Analytical and graphical expressions of the dependences of the magnetic permeability and the magnetostriction coefficient on the tensile force are given.

The phase composition and structure of stationary nickel-aluminum promoted catalysts have been studied. It is shown that the phase composition of the catalysts consists of intermetallic compounds NiAl, NiAl3, Ni2Al3. Changes in the microscopic structure of the alloys are determined. Modern methods for evaluating hydrogenation catalysts, as well as methods for analyzing raw materials and products of catalytic hydrogenation, have been established. The highest hydrogenation performance is characteristic of stationary catalysts whose alloys consist of Ni2Al3×4NiAl3 intermetallic compounds. New modifications of stationary alloyed nickel-copper-aluminum catalysts with the addition of vanadium (0.5-2.5 %), rhodium (0.5 %) and palladium (0.05 %) in the process of pre- contact hydrogenation of cottonseed oil have been studied and developed. It has been shown that the lowest content of transisomerized acids in tallow is achieved at a content of 1.5 % vanadium in a stationary promoted catalyst. The content ratio of the fatty-acid composition in the triglycerides of target dietary fats was determined, ensuring their increase in nutritional value and safety. The conditions under which the highest results were obtained are presented.

The article considers the possibilities of modeling the characteristics of gas absorption and cooling processes in the production of nitric acid and controlling this process using the radial basis function and neural networks of direct connection. When training a neural network, the input and output results are obtained from the material balance tables and properties of the absorbing column model to train the network with values. The results obtained using neural network models are mainly compared with the results obtained from modeling books. The result obtained shows that relatively simple neural network models can be used to simulate the stationary state of an absorption column. Using modeling, we will see how the neural network type allows the use of modern management methods.

The article discusses the issues of identifying the asymmetry of currents in a three-phase alternating current system. The design of a current converter designed to detect the unevenness of the current load in parallel branches of the current lines of various power equipment is proposed. It is shown that a positive effect is achieved by making the magnetic circuit four-rod and the introduction of rectangular cutouts with modulating and output windings on two central rods of the magnetic circuit and it is possible to determine the unevenness of the current load of three parallel branches before (in three-phase AC circuits) or after rectifier-converter installations (in DC circuits), therefore, the functionality of the device for detecting current asymmetry is expanded.

The necessity of the primary transformers rapidly increases due to the fast development of the microprocessing automated control systems and operation of the railway transport power supply devices, transferring to the flexible automated output. These transformers, besides high metrology characteristics, have to be highly reliable, have a wide range of change, stability, little dimensions.

Declining bee populations and decreasing marketability of apiaries pose the necessity for a comprehensive monitoring of the morphological characteristics of honeybees. The monitoring was performed in an introgressive aspect for the first time in the Volga region (Samara region) to preserve the local population of the Middle Russian race (Apis mellifera mellifera L.). Moreover, the race of queen bees was identified through the assessment of drones. Based on the race identification, small population structures of the native forest bee were revealed, which is a prerequisite for restoration of its genetic resources with the corresponding restriction of the import of bees from the southern regions where other taxonomic groups are bred.

This article sheds light on the role diatomic algae in soils play in the assessment of bee farm and nearby territories in four soil and landscape zones in Samarskaya Oblast. The community of diatomic algae is characterized by low species diversity, of which 23 taxons were found. The most often found species are represented by Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenberg) Grunow in Cleve & Grunow and Luticola mutica (Kützing) D.G.Mann in Round et al. The maximum of phyla (18) were found in the buffer (transient) zone; in the wooded steppe zone, 11 species were recorded; in the steppe – 2 species, and in the dry steppe zone no species of diatomic algae were found. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of diatomic algae communities in various biotopes depend on the natural and climate features of a territory and the degree of the anthropogenic impact on the soil and vegetation, which is proved by the fact that high species wealth signifies that the ecosystem is stable and resilient to the changing conditions in the environment, while poor algal flora is less resilient due to the lower degree of diversity.

The article presents assessment results for the preservation of European dark honey bees in the northern wooded steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which is an integral structure in the honey bee Apis mellifera mellifera population of northern Bashkortostan. Bee farms of 24 settlements in Askinskiy, Arkhangelskiy, Baltachevskiy, Karaidelskiy and Yanaulskiy districts show the persistence of taxonomically pure bees, which stands for 73 % of the samples. During the bee-breed identification, the most volatile parameters were determined (the length the rostrum, the length and width of the right hemelytron, the cubital index) that are greatly influenced by the hybridization processes. The presence of registered pure-breed bee colonies speaks of the biopotential of the European dark bee population in the farms of the given region, which will allow to create pedigree breeding units and pure breeding zones for native bees in the future.

The results of studies of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) from two points are presented: from a bee colony captured near the Tankovoye village (this swarm was found by a local resident an entrepreneur, the owner of the private nursery “Orekhovod – practitioner” I.S. Emirsinov) and bees captured in the vicinity of Sugut-Oba mountain (Burus) from a swarm captured about 25 km to the southeast of Belogorsk and west of the Feodosia height. Measurements of morphometric features were carried out using the method of V.V. Alpatov (1948), the method of F. Ruttner (2006) was used to identify the morphotypes and the width of the hairline of worker bees. The phenotypic homogeneity of bee colonies from the Tankovoye village was revealed by morphotypes and the width of the hairline on the abdomen of worker bees in the presence of a variety of classical morphometric characters. At the same time, one phenotype characterized by morphotype O (light brown coloration of chitinous integuments on the abdomen) and a narrow hairline f was registered. The presence of this phenotype characterizes the compliance with the breed standards of Apis mellifera caucasica (gray mountain Caucasian), Apis mellifera carpatica (Carpathian) or Apis mellifera carnica (Carniolan), i.e. breeds with a gray abdomen. Molecular genetic analysis of the mtDNA COI site showed the homogeneity of the sample of wild bees captured near the Tankovoye village and their proximity to the Vuchkovskaya line of the Carpathian breed.

The article proposes the design of a device for converting the equalizing current using a compensating winding, which meets the requirements for accuracy and reliability on the part of various automated control systems, control and measurement of currents.

In the process of gas filtration through a porous wall deposited dust is agglomerated state. Sealing layer in the accumulation of particles associated with the re-formation of aggregates. Kozeny equation Karman reflects the relationship between flow rates, porosity layer, a pressure drop, a specific surface area of the particles in the layer thickness. The specific surface area of the particles in the layer is an unknown quantity, so it is proposed to determine the ratio of Kozeny Karmana obtained from experiments on all other values. Filtering process in the experimental setup was performed on preformed compressible layers of particles of different size. Thus the filtration rate is fixed, the change in porosity, the pressure drop, the thickness of the layer. It is believed that the specific surface of the particles remains constant when implementation filtration processes similar manufacturing conditions.