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Scientific evaluation of the comprehensive carrying capacity of land is the condition for regional coordination and high-quality economic development. Applied entropy method and expert marking to determine weight, and adopted multi-objective comprehensive evaluation model to evaluate the comprehensive carrying capacity of land resources from 2008 to 2018 in Shandong province. The results show that the comprehensive carrying capacity level is located in the lower and intermediate critical level, which has obvious spatial differences, and carrying capacities of social economic, land resource, water resource and ecological environmental are not consistent. On this basis, according to obstacle characteristics of land comprehensive carrying capacity, puts forward the proposal for space optimization pattern.

There are some problems in China’s agricultural water resources, such as low per capita consumption and uneven spatial and temporal distribution. It is urgent to speed up the reform of water rights trading mode. Based on the market orientation and the experience of the United States and Australia, this paper studies the effectiveness of China’s agricultural water rights trade. Firstly, the characteristics of “quasi-market” should be clarified. Secondly, under the market mechanism, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the impact of economic incentives of trading subjects, reasonable delimitation of trading prices and multiple participation of institutions and departments. Furthermore, the factors that affect the efficiency are deeply analyzed. At last, the paper provides some suggestions on the construction of a trading mechanism with Chinese characteristics from the aspects of right confirmation registration, pricing mechanism and supervision regulations, to provide decision support for agricultural water rights management system.