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In this work, the hydrolysis of starch in an enzyme solution was studied, where softened water or fractions of a metastable electrochemically activated aqueous solution (ECAS) were used as a solvent. Extracts obtained after hydrolysis of food starch grains were analyzed using optical density spectrometry of the sample and micro-weighing with a quartz resonator of the dry residue contained in an aqueous solution. It is shown that the enzyme solution on the reduced fraction of ECAS (catholyte) contains the least amount of extracted substances, but it contains the highest concentration of oligosaccharides. This fact may mean the presence of a more efficient cleavage by the enzyme of water-insoluble polysaccharides to low molecular weight derivatives in the medium of the electrolyte. As a result of this synergistic effect, a relatively high content of oligosaccharides is observed even at a low level of primary hydrolysis on the surface of the starch grain. This assumption was investigated on modified starch soluble in water. For the compared aqueous solutions of the enzyme preparation, which initially contain the same concentration of amylodextrins, faster hydrolysis is observed in the enzyme medium on softened water.

The article considers the state of natural complexes of specially protected natural areas of regional significance of Krasnodar “Chistyakovskaya Roscha” and “The Solnechny ostrov (Sunny Island) Park”, the anthropogenic threats identified for them. A significant share of the area of landscaping of these parks falls on the plantings planted and preserved to fulfil recreational functions within the city. The consequences of urbanization, active anthropogenic load, often unjustified impact and pollution of the park territory, spontaneous alienation of the territory for infrastructure objects, disturbance factors and transport impact are analyzed. Methods of determining the quality of projective coverage of the territory were used, the degree of degradation of natural landscapes was assessed based on the state of grass cover, the balance of the area of use of the territory of parks was calculated based on the results of the analysis of the road and path network of parks. Also carried out an assessment of the carrying capacity of the territory of parks, calculated the average annual recreational load and recreational capacity of the territory of parks.

The paper analyzed the impact of climate change on bird migration in the Utrish Nature Reserve. It also revealed the acceleration of post-fire recovery of post-fire areas in the Utrish Nature Reserve, namely the comparison of two sites Us and Uw with the highest and least intense burning. It was found that after the fire the amount of enzymes in the fire- affected areas doubled, which is an additional source of elements for the continued existence of flora and fauna in the affected areas (in the period of secondary succession).

Efficient operational planning of transportation is crucial in longdistance traffic, where the coordination of shipments plays a pivotal role in optimizing logistics operations. This article presents an algorithm designed to streamline the planning process for machine shipments in long-distance transportation. The algorithm leverages advanced optimization techniques and machine learning to address the complexities associated with route selection, scheduling, and resource allocation.

Suggested proportioning of steel fiber concrete tailored composition can be made by using the method of mathematical experiment planning. A wide variety of types of fiber, the size and aggregate grain-size distribution, the number and characteristics of cement, and the need to obtain concrete mixes of different fluidity are used in the production of fiber reinforced materials. That is why it is impossible to develop a proportioning standard method. Thereby it is suggested to conduct an experiment of proportioning of steel fiber concrete tailored composition using the method of mathematical experiment planning in each specific case. The article provides an example of proportioning of steel fiber concrete on specific components. When planning the experiment, we selected water-cement ratio, cement consumption, fiber reinforcement content and the ratio of the content of coarse and fine aggregates as the independent factors. The compressive and tensile strengths of steel fiber concrete and the fluidity (stiffness) of the mixture were selected as responses. This article presents the possibility to make a choice of the ratio of the number of primary components for obtaining steel fiber concretes with the necessary characteristics by analyzing the obtained regression equations.

The article describes the study to evaluate the emissions to atmospheric air of airborne nano- and microparticles generated during underwater welding in seawater from Ajax Bay (Sea of Japan) using special wires and coated electrodes. The most commonly used underwater industrial production processes were selected: semi-automatic (mechanized) underwater welding with a welding wire, manual welding with electrodes, and semi-automatic (mechanized) underwater cutting with a welding wire for cutting. An aerosol particle counter was used to determine the mass concentration of fine aerosol particles in the air of the working area above the aquarium. The highest number of suspended particles in the atmospheric air was observed in the process of underwater welding with a welding electrode. Comparing the welding wire and the welding electrode for underwater welding, it can be concluded that the welding wire is less dangerous for people, which is confirmed by the lower amount of suspended particles emitted into the atmospheric air during its use.

the purpose of this article is to consider the problem of flaring associated petroleum gas (APG), as one of the most relevant and acute for our country, because Russia occupies a leading position in the world in terms of APG flaring volumes. Burning APG leads to environmental damage, contributes to the greenhouse effect, harms public health, as well as the country's economy - valuable chemical raw materials and energy resources are simply thrown away. According to the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, out of 55 billion m3 of APG produced annually in Russia, only 26% (14 billion m3) is sent for processing, 47% (26 billion m3) goes to the needs of the fields, or is written off as technological losses and 27 % (15 billion m3) is flared.

Scientific and practical interest in the design of symbiotic cultures is determined by their potential for use in biotechnological processes for the production of a wide range of biogenic molecules. We have determined the expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of cellulose by the symbiotic culture Medusomyces gisevii that had been statically grown either on glucose or sucrose or fructose, considered as three most economically justified carbon sources. 16S ribosomal RNA was used as a reference gene. The PCR primers used were bcsA1, bcsA2, bcsA3, bcsA4, bcsB, DGC, PDE, UDP GT. Overall higher gene expression levels were observed when cultivating a symbiotic culture of Medusomyces gisevi on glucose or sucrose substrates compared with fructose. Furthermore, the expression of these genes in the synthesized BC gel films is significantly higher compared to that in the bacterial culture medium.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising material for technological and medical applications. The isolation of effective BC producers from natural symbiotic consortia is a promising direction in relation to industrial biotechnology of BC. The study consists in selecting the composition of the nutrient medium to increase the efficiency of the biosynthesis process of BC by cellulose-synthesizing bacteria isolated from the symbiotic consortium Medusomyces gisevii. Morphological features of isolated acetic acid bacteria have been determined - small rods, 0.8-1.2 microns in size with a rounded end, forming cream-colored colonies on agarized nutrient media, 2-7 mm in size with a characteristic luster. The composition of the nutrient medium RAE (AE) was determined, characterized by the maximum efficiency of BC biosynthesis (production of 4.63 g DM/l for 8 days; the degree of glucose conversion - 41.04%).

The F6 generation cows, which were made from “itself” breeding of three-breed cows (1/4 Caucasian Gray x 1/4 Jersey x 1/2 Holstein) (1/4 CG x 1/4 J x 1/2 H), the 305 days of first lactation exceed the Holstein breed to the standard by 175 kg or 4.2 %, milk fat content by 0.65 %, protein by 1 %, milk fat by 33.5 kg or 22.2 %. During pasture period from each cow was obtained 2540 kg of milk conforming to sanitary and hygienic standards. In the third calving, 170 days of pasture period and 195 days of manger keeping, the amount of milk in 305 days of lactation was 5337 kg, the amount of milk fat + milk protein was 407.7 kg, the reproductive ability was 100%. During manger period 0.77 FU (feed unit) or 0.90 EFU (energetic feed unit) and 80 g of digestible protein were spent to produce 1 kg of milk. The realization of pasture promotes to the increase generation, high vitality, proportionated exterior, strong limbs and a dense composition.

The material for our study was collected at the Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay, Sea of Japan and studied at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University of Peter the Great. The main indicators of the genesis of marine sediments are the complex granulometric composition of suspended particles. However, their study has not been widely used in marine oceanology research. The purpose of this work is to study, using the Analysette 22 NanoTec plus (Fritsch) laser particle analyzer, the granulometric composition of suspended particles formed during underwater welding and cutting using welding wire. The presence of microsized particles, which are extremely dangerous for human and animal health, is shown. According to the results of the study, it is shown that during underwater welding, particles with a diameter of less than 10 microns occur in fractions from 30 to 60%. This level of pollution can have a negative toxicological effect on representatives of aquatic organisms of marine ecosystems.

At the present stage of society's development, issues related to improving the environmental quality of life of the population while maintaining the level of quality in other aspects – social and economic - are becoming increasingly developed. One of the possible solutions to this problem is a potential mechanism associated with changing the place of residence of citizens to regions and territories with a more favorable ecological and social situation while reducing the level of economic burden. This mechanism can be implemented in the context of solving the problem of early retirement of citizens, taking into account compensation payments, including at the expense of existing real estate. The purpose of the study: to develop a mechanism for improving the environmental quality of life of the population in the context of solving the problem of reducing pension costs through compensation payments of citizens. Research methods: comparison, analysis and synthesis, generalization, method of retrospective analysis and forecasting of ecosystem development. As a result of the study, approaches are proposed to choose options for improving the environmental quality of life of citizens, as well as substantiating the conditions of compensation payments due to the sale of excess value of real estate objects of citizens potentially suitable for early retirement

The purpose of the scientific article consider the importance of developing creative thinking among bachelors of technical ecologists. In today's world, where complex environmental problems require new and innovative solutions, environmentalists need to have the ability to think creatively. The article discusses practical methods and strategies that can be used by teachers to develop creative thinking in the educational process. In conclusion, the article points to the need to integrate creative thinking into undergraduate environmental education programs in order to ensure their successful participation in the development and implementation of solutions aimed at preserving the environment. Scientific hypothesis: creative thinking used in active and practical teaching of bachelor students in ecology contributes to the development of their creativity, problem-oriented thinking and environmental problem solving abilities, which improves the quality and efficiency of their professional activities.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of complex amylolytic preparations on green buckwheat starch in the environment of oxidized and reduced fractions of electrochemically activated solutions. The novelty of the work lies in the study of the effect of catholyte and anolyte obtained from tap water on the accumulation of reducing substances in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of green buckwheat starch with the use of preparations AmyloLux ATS and Maltogenase 2X L. The practical significance of the work is related to the possibility of improving the technology of grain drinks or preparation of buckwheat malt in the production of gluten-free beer. It was found that enzymatic hydrolysis of green buckwheat starch with the use of complex amylolytic preparations proceeded most intensively when using the oxidized anodic fraction of electrochemically activated solutions. The level of reducing substances in the anolyte environment exceeded the analogous index in the samples based on water and catholyte by 1.2-1.3 times, already after 30 minutes and before the end of the process.

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001

Article analyzes the main sorbitol detecting methods in animal biological fluids. Also it presents a brief methodology for conducting these studies. Respectively the main methods’ advantages and disadvantages are outlined. Upon the conclusion several proposes were made for veterinary practitioners. For example, some prospects for using methods duting laboratory examination.

For decades, conventional alloys represented the main pillar of engineering applications. However, their performances reach the limit when it faces tough demanding environments. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) meet this important challenge by leveraging the concept of entropy to achieve a unique combination of properties. This scientific paper presents the HEAs coatings, exploring their general characteristics and the exciting possibilities they offer, then the focus will be on HEA coatings, analysing their advantages and potential applications. Finally, the discussion will be held on the modelling techniques used to understand and predict the behaviour of these type of alloys.

The paper considers the influence of thermal boundary layer on the thermal conductivity coefficient of building materials. The influence of thermal boundary layer on the thermal characteristics is shown on the example of cellular materials such as foam concrete, gas silicate and vacuum-powder thermal insulation materials.New ideas about regularities and mechanism of action of such factors as pore size, thickness and composition of interstitial partitions on thermal conductivity of porous materials are proposed. The thermal characteristics of porous systems were analyzed using the theory of similarity (calculation of Grasgoff, Rayleigh, and Prandtl criteria). Calculation of these criteria showed that in cellular materials with pore diameter up to 4 mm the convective component does not influence the heat transfer coefficient. The thermal boundary layer, a low-moving thin layer of gas adsorbed on the inner surface of the pore, has a great influence on the heat transfer processes in the pore. The paper considers the structure of the thermal boundary layer from the approach of the electrical surface properties of the pore and the gas in it. It is shown that the structure of the thermal boundary layer depends on the surface charges of the solid phase and gas. In the environment of air or oxygen denser and more homogeneous in structure thermal boundary layer will have materials, which pore walls will have an effective positive charge, and the thermal boundary layer of materials with a large negative surface charge will be loose, inhomogeneous. In hydrogen medium, on the contrary, materials with an effective negative charge will have a denser and more homogeneous thermal boundary layer structure.

Purpose of the study: to consider technological processes for processing cutting fluids. Scientific hypothesis: it is necessary to change and improve the technological processes themselves in order to comprehensively and most fully process raw materials during the production process, thereby reducing the volume of waste, converting them into forms that are least harmful to the environment. Industry has a significant negative impact on the environment, characterized by the release of hazardous substances and the accumulation of both liquid and solid toxic waste. The need to protect the environment leads to significant changes in general approaches to ensuring the environmental efficiency of production and the introduction of systems for integrated processing of raw materials.

In the modern conditions of steady industrial growth, the problem of wastewater treatment is becoming extremely urgent. For this purpose, special attention is paid to those substances that significantly enhance the processes of separation of impurities and precipitating substances. The article examines the efficiency of flocculants in the treatment of contaminated wastewater with liquid cutting fluids. The authors directly consider the mechanisms of action of flocculants and their influence on the physical and mechanical properties of wastewater, as well as the possibility of returning purified water to the production process. The article also provides an environmental analysis of the advantages of using flocculants, including reducing the toxicity of wastewater and minimizing the negative impact on the environment. The conclusions of the article can become the basis for improving and optimizing technological processes, as well as the introduction of safer and more effective methods of wastewater treatment in the context of modern environmental challenges.

The purpose of the study: to analyze the components of cutting fluids and, based on the analysis, offer recommendations for improving the environmental component of this type of product. Scientific hypothesis: analysis of the components of cutting fluids will identify possible harmful substances, and the proposed recommendations for improving coolant compositions will lead to a reduction in harmful effects on the environment and increase the level of safety for humans.

The purpose of this article is to study the effectiveness of armored cable, namely, применthe use of armored four-core cable to protect the installation of an electric centrifugal pump (ESP) from corrosion failure. Method: at the heart of the method, we consider the use of various protections such as: the impact of the inhibitory protection method and the electrochemical (cathodic) protection method, which in turn prevent the oxidative destruction of oilfield equipment parts. Result: an analysis of the application of cathodic corrosion protection using various connection modes of a four-core armored cable was carried out. Conclusion: the inhibitory method of anti-corrosion protection of equipment (ESP) has not proven itself, while the use of an armored four- core cable increased the inter-repair period by 4 times (up to 870 days). No traces of corrosion were found on the surface of the submersible motor and other underground equipment.

Intensification of world agriculture on the basis of scientific and technological achievements improves labour productivity and the living conditions of commodity producers. It is shown that in the agricultural sector alternative agriculture has been formed due to activation of biological processes. The directions of digital transformation of biological agriculture in the south-west of the Central region of the country are studied in the paper. It is established that smart farming technologies are currently being used in the Bryansk region; they are based on the application of geoinformation and satellite systems, as well as equipment monitoring systems. Digital solutions are being introduced in animal husbandry. The areas and specifics of consulting services to economic entities in order to develop biological agriculture are substantiated.

Sensitivity studies of the i process have identified the region around 135I as a bottleneck for the neutron capture flow. Nuclear properties such as the Maxwellian-averaged cross section (MACS) are key to constrain the uncertainties in the final abundance patterns. From the 124Sn(α, pγ)127Sb reaction we are able to indirectly measure the nuclear level density and γ-ray strength function for 127Sb using the Oslo method. From these two quantities we can calculate the MACS for the 126Sb(n, γ)127Sb reaction using the Hauser-Feshbach formalism, constrain its uncertainties and compare it to libraries such as JINA REACLIB, TENDL and BRUSLIB.

This article discusses the application of automated control systems in production. The review of existing management systems in the domestic market in various areas and directions is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of popular control systems are also analyzed. The dynamics of the impact of the use of automated systems on the activities of enterprises from the point of view of management and economics is estimated. The result of this study is a conclusion about the necessity and inevitability of industrial automation.

This article is devoted to the problem of industrial automation and corporate information systems used in this field. Consumer surveys were conducted on the parameters that characterize information systems. Foreign and domestic information systems were considered, and their comparative analysis was carried out. A number of conclusions on the use of corporate information systems in production management are formulated.

As an object of research in this paper, we use a hydro-mechanical system of high-speed technological equipment with reciprocating movement of the output link on the example of a cyclic perforating press hammer with a force of 1600 kN and a speed of up to 75 working strokes of the slider per minute. The theoretical analysis of the operation of a high-speed hydraulic reciprocating drive for a cyclic press made using a pump-accumulator power source containing one hydraulic accumulator showed that increasing its speed is technically possible, but not economically justified. Additional calculations have shown that the loss of working fluid is actually reduced. As a result, the speed of the hydraulic reciprocating drive increases from 127 to 148 and 157 beats per minute, respectively. But at the same time, its efficiency decreases from 21% to 18% and 16%, respectively. In order to increase the speed of the hydraulic reciprocating drive, it is necessary to make fundamental changes to its scheme aimed at increasing the efficiency factor by reducing unproductive energy costs during operation.

Sensitivity studies of the i process have identified the region around 135I as a bottleneck for the neutron capture flow. Nuclear properties such as the Maxwellian-averaged cross section (MACS) are key to constrain the uncertainties in the final abundance patterns. With the Oslo method, we are able to indirectly measure such properties for the nuclei involved in this process. From the 124Sn(α, pγ)127Sb reaction data we extract the nuclear level density and γ-ray strength function for 127Sb. The level density at higher excitation energies is compatible with the constant-temperature model, while the γ-ray strength function presents features like an upbend and a pygmy-like structure below S n. From these two quantities we can calculate the MACS for the 126Sb(n, γ)127Sb reaction using the Hauser-Feshbach formalism, and constrain its uncerainties from the theoretical ones. Libraries such as JINA REACLIB, TENDL and BRUSLIB agree well with the experimental results, while ENDF/B-VIII.0 predicts a higher rate.

Highly plastic clays are generally regarded as very impermeable materials. However, it is well known that desiccation cracks, as well as inherent fissuring, increase the in-situ apparent permeability inside the active zone. The paper presents long-term measurements of matric suction and moisture sensors installed under a mat foundation, on the shaft of bored piles, and at the free field in expansive marls in area of Nicosia, Cyprus. The data reveal the ease with which rainwater percolates in the ground due to the presence of shrinkage cracks, especially adjacent to foundation elements. Several episodes of full saturation conditions are recorded under the mat close to its perimeter during the course of a hydrological year after significant rainfall events, even during the dry season. Moreover, rapid migration of rainwater along the gap forming between the soil and pile shaft during the dry season can lead to brief full saturation incidents down to at least 1.5m depth. Back-analysis of field wetting experiments using the finite element method indicates that the equivalent in-situ saturated hydraulic conductivity of highly expansive marl near the ground surface is 3 to 4 orders of magnitude larger than the one measured on intact marl samples in the laboratory.

In the last few years, due to economic, political and social events, the situation in the retail real estate market has changed significantly. As consumers increasingly choose to shop online, shopping malls are shifting from multi-vendor and branded merchandise to multifunctional spaces that combine fitness, catering and entertainment areas, business meeting spaces and organization of exhibitions. The desire of buyers to save time, as well as satiety with the usual shopping format, contributes to the introduction of new technologies and retail formats by retailers. The purpose of the study is to identify key indicators of the competitiveness of real estate in retail. Research objectives: analysis of trends in the retail real estate market of St. Petersburg, determination of an integral indicator of the competitiveness of retail real estate objects. Research methods: comparison, analysis and synthesis, generalizations, peer review method. As a result of the study, key factors of competitiveness were identified and a methodology for calculating the competitiveness index of retail real estate objects was presented.

The process of preparing feed mixtures using additives is a biotechnical system with deterministic relationships with technological and technical and economic characteristics, and a group of input, disturbing, control and output factors, taking into account which it is necessary to determine the rational machine technology, the structure of operations and the corresponding technical solutions that are embedded in the design of the unit. To describe the processes of mixing compound feeds, the main attention is paid to the analysis of energy parameters, the establishment by experimental means of rational parameters and modes of operation of mixers of different types, the determination of the speed of the product movement in the mixer, its performance and evaluation of the quality of mixing. The development of a general theory of the choice of rational modes and design features of mixers is carried out by compiling a system of equations that describes the functional behavior of individual elements, as well as the influence of connections with external factors imposed on their functioning.

The purpose of the research: to consider the problem of the development of critical thinking among students in the educational process of a technical university. Scientific hypothesis: The emergence of a new generation of high technologies has caused an urgent need to review the skills necessary for a future specialist for successful professional activity, placing emphasis on teamwork and creativity, learning through games and research that develop critical thinking, student initiative outside the educational program. The concept of education development notes that quality education is one of the main factors of a person’s success, and the teacher who provides it is both an object and a conductor of positive changes in a person’s personality. As a result, the training programs for future specialists in technical areas must meet the standards of global trends, social needs and professional standards. Employers increasingly need new generation specialists who will be in demand in modern high-tech industries in the country. At the moment, the task is to prepare a highly qualified specialist who is able to professionally apply, in practice, modern forms, methods, and techniques based on the formed competencies and abilities, and also be ready to solve actual problems in practice [1]. Achievement of the set goal should occur through methods and technologies that will allow solving practical problems to ensure the effectiveness of the educational process in higher education.

The purpose of the study: to analyze the measurement of flow and the amount of associated petroleum gas in the fields using the variable pressure method. The object of research is the process of measuring the flow rate and the amount of accompanying petroleum gas. To achieve this goal, the paper sets the task of considering the industrial application of well-established flowmeters for measuring the flow and amount of associated petroleum gas. Scientific hypothesis Under the pressure of economic changes occurring all over the world and environmental requirements, the management companies of oil fields have an acute need to dispose of associated petroleum gas , and thereby its accounting, which is necessary not only in the fields from which it is supplied for technological needs, but also in those fields where it is burned. This will allow you to perform accurate calculations for atmospheric pollution. Research methods. The article provides an analytical review of the use of flow meters for accounting for the amount of associated petroleum gas in fields. The application of variable differential pressure flowmeters, which are widely used in industrial measurements due to their versatility, is considered. As a result of the study, it is concluded that it is advisable pacxooMepoB to use variable pressure flow meters for measuring the flow rate and amount of associated petroleum gas, which are widely used due to their versatility.

Growth is an important biological trait and monitoring metric for the assessment of the success and progress of restoration projects with the European oyster (Ostrea edulis). However, sampling time and frequency are often limited, as well as the ability to survey individual growth. Chemical dyes, such as calcein, can be used to create incremental markings for measuring growth in shell cross-sections, especially in bivalves. However, potential negative effects and limits for successful staining have not been assessed for O. edulis, yet. In this study, three different calcein concentrations (100 mg l−1, 150 mg l−1, 200 mg l−1) with three different immersion times (6 h, 12 h, 24 h) were tested for potential negative effects, the best incremental marking result and their potential to be used in growth measurements. Furthermore, the deposition of an annual growth line was investigated. Results showed that calcein is a reliable in situ fluorescence marker that produced sufficient growth lines in the cross-section of O. edulis. At a concentration of 100 mg l−1 or higher and immersion times of 6 h or more, no negative effects on growth and survival were observed after five months. Applications include the possibility for long-term, individual growth data for a large number of oysters for restoration monitoring as well as the option of marking restored oysters from aquaculture production to distinguish them from existing wild stock populations or natural offspring.

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 420, 00001 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342000001

In this work we have developed a technique for the measurement of the resonance curve of Helmholtz resonators as a function of filling with beads and sands of different sizes, and water as the reference. Our measurements allowed us to observe very different behaviors of resonance frequencies and resonance half-widths as a function of the size of the sand grains and the beads. By comparing results for beads and water we were able to prove that the sound penetrates the interstitial space between the beads. This was confirmed by measurements of the resonance properties in resonators filled with spherical beads whose experimentally determined filling factor is close to the random filling factor of about 0.54. The similar behavior of the frequency and half-width of resonance of sand-filled resonators of three different sizes allowed us to suggest that sound penetrates the sand in the same way as it does the beads.

The European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, once formed extensive reef habitats throughout European seas and estuaries. These reefs are now largely functionally extinct, yet interest and support for their restoration is rapidly growing. A major bottleneck to scaling up oyster reef restoration is the lack of available oysters to supply the growing demand. This study aimed to identify the ten questions which, if answered, would increase the consistency and success in hatchery production of O. edulis for habitat restoration. Candidate questions were submitted by representatives from twelve commercial and research hatcheries across Europe. The list of 98 candidate questions were collaboratively discussed by experts from nine research hatcheries across eight countries in Europe, to identify the top ten questions via an iterative and open process. Questions were grouped into the following themes: conditioning and feeding, larval rearing, disease and water quality, hatchery protocol, genetics, and hatchery management. There were several overarching topics spanning these themes, including diet optimisation, maximising the effective population size, and developing the technical skillbase in order to increase hatchery production to meet the projected increase in demand for oyster seed for habitat restoration efforts. We anticipate this list will provide a starting point for collaborative research efforts across Europe, as well as assisting policy makers and funders in identifying key knowledge gaps.

The formation of brandy quality affects all stages of its production. Biological and technological properties of grapes determine the composition of aroma-producing components of brandy base wines and distillates, which participate in composing of finished product typical properties. The purpose of the study included the factors forming the quality of brandy distillates, and technological methods for their regulating. Physicochemical, biochemical and technological analyses of grape varieties were carried out. The composition features of grapes were identified depending on their origin, climatic conditions and geographical zone. A system of grape indicators in the production of brandy distillates was substantiated, on the basis of which the parameters for optimizing production processes to improve the quality of finished product were developed.

The article is based on a systematic analysis of the rapid changes in the information society associated with the pragmatics of the “leadership” technologies of the fourth industrial revolution. The authors reveal the role and importance of critical thinking as one of the basic skills needed in the 21st century. The article proves that the development of critical thinking is a key trend in modern education and requires not only an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon, but also new technologies for its implementation in pedagogical practice. The authors note that critical thinking includes the ability to analyze information, evaluate its reliability and make informed decisions. Purpose: Describe the importance of critical thinking in the context of a rapidly changing information society and demonstrate how these skills can be used in various areas of life. Scientific hypothesis: the development of critical thinking should become a priority for educational institutions in order to prepare the younger generation for the complexities and challenges of the modern world.

The article proposes the concept of acoustic design of propeller-driven fixed wing aircraft, i.e., taking into account the required acoustic characteristics. The scheme of research and development work at various stage of the project necessary for the implementation of this concept is proposed. A schematic diagram of computational studies in the framework of the acoustic design process of propeller-driven fixed-wing aircraft is proposed. A schematic diagram of the choice of a propeller-driven power plant is considered, taking into account the required acoustic characteristics.

The purpose of the study is: the impact of magnetic pulse processing on the performance properties - wear resistance and durability of parts of various units, machines, complexes. Method: the method is based on the use of the combined effect of magnetic fields on a mechanical engineering structure. The behavior of parts under the influence of strong magnetic fields is described. Result: the main advantages of the behavior of the processed material when exposed to a magnetic flux are determined. Conclusion: the use of magnetic influence on structural materials is considered a progressive method, which provides a number of advantages compared to other influences. This method allows you to change the structure of the metal itself, and therefore its physical and mechanical properties, which allows you to improve the performance characteristics of not only parts, but also the product as a whole.

The hospitality industry is influenced by an increasing number of factors every year. For successful hotel business, it is necessary not only to know exactly the market, its potential guests and be able to prevent all unforeseen risks, but also to introduce new modern, including energy-saving technologies. In modern conditions of growth of the hospitality market, the introduction of energy-saving technologies can become not only a factor of saving, but also a factor of increasing attractiveness in the eyes of potential consumers of hospitality industry services. The purpose of the study is to identify key factors, including energy conservation, and to assess the growth rate of the hospitality industry market. The objectives of the study involve identifying and analyzing the relationship of factors with indicators of revenue and net profit in the hospitality market, conducting regression analysis, as well as determining the forecast values of the main economic indicators. Research methods: factor analysis, regression analysis, construction of own hypotheses. As a result of the study, forecast estimates of the growth rates of the hospitality market in the post-pandemic period were obtained. Keywords: hotel business, energy-saving technologies, tourist flow, regression analysis, room rate, forecasting

Modern society faces a number of environmental problems, such as environmental pollution, depletion of natural resources and climate change. In this regard, the professional activities of ecologists are becoming more and more in demand and important. However, in order to successfully fulfill their duties and effectively solve environmental problems, a bachelor in ecologist needs to have not only professional knowledge, but also trans-professional competencies . The purpose of the study : this article will consider the formation of supra-professional competencies for the successful professional activity of a bachelor of ecologist. Scientific hypothesis: The formation of trans-professional competencies, such as communication skills, teamwork, analytical thinking and decision-making, the ability to self-organize and self-develop , is a necessary condition for the successful professional activity of a bachelor of ecologist .

During the covid 19 outbreak, fake news has grown highly, affecting people’s mental and physical health. There is a wide range of solutions for fake news classification which are machine learning-based proposed models. Research shows that the existing proposed models have less accuracy, and they are only text-based models. In our research paper, we are focused on different algorithms, and we are comparing these algorithms in our proposed model in this research paper. We are considering the title author and text in the proposed model. Based on our experiments, Logistic Regression has high accuracy, recall, and precision score values. This research paper suggests using a logistic regression model to classify fake news.

The most traditional object of falsification, taking into account the volume of consumption and cost, is wine. A significant proportion of adulteration of red wines accounts for the imitation of their color by introducing color compounding ingredients to white base wine: synthetic coloring agents, natural food coloring agents, or products with a secondary coloring effect. The purpose of this research was to study physicochemical parameters of original red wines and fakes obtained using coloring agents of different origin. It was shown that monomeric anthocyanins were absent in model systems with the addition of synthetic coloring agents, and the extinction maximum did not correspond to the wavelength of 520 nm, typical for original wines. It was found that, regardless of the nature of color compounding ingredient, the content of phenolic substances in model samples did not exceed 900 mg/l. The mass concentration of monomeric anthocyanins in model samples with the addition of natural coloring agent did not exceed 2% of the total amount of phenolic substances. Therefore, the quantitative content of monomeric anthocyanins, phenolic substances, spectral characteristics can be recommended as criteria in a plan of actions to identify the authenticity of juice and wine products.

The research is aimed at improving the quality of testing the tribotechnical characteristics of materials on the SMT-1 friction machine. Testing the bearing materials according to the disc-pad model may be incorrect due to sample runouts. The aim of this work was to level out the influence of sample runouts on wear and other tribotechnical characteristics of friction units.

The purpose of this work was to establish the characteristics of growth, exterior, payment for feed by gain in live weight among young Aberdeen-Angus breed, originating from bulls of different body types. Hammer LLC of Karachay-Cherkessia conducted the experiment: from the offspring of 4 large bulls and 3 small bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus breed, 14 bulls were selected in each group. The investigation results on the intensive rearing of different young stock from weaning to 18 months of age showed that large-type bulls were superior to small-type bulls in terms of growth rate and better payment for feed by gain in live weight. At the age of 18 months, bulls from large-type parents reached a weight of 442 kg, and from small ones - 413 kg. These differences are statistically significant (P > 0.99) for the period from weaning to one and a half years old bulls, originating from bulls of a large type spent 8.1 EFU per 1 kg of gain, and bulls originating from bulls of a small type – 8.4 EFU.

In birds, acute stress (a three-day 12-hour inversion of the photomode) is associated with the dominant activity of the sympathetic hypothalamus and hippocampus, which suppress the tone of the parasympathetic section and the reticular formation of the midbrain. The effect of hyperglycemia on the background of a negative chronotropic effect indicates a mismatch of the functions of the autonomic sections of the hypothalamus on the 30th day. Chronic stress in birds (30-days crowding) causes persistent pathological stress of the functions of the anterior hypothalamus and reticular formation of the middle brain with the suppression of parasympathetic tone of the posterior hypothalamus and high functional activity of the hippocampus, determining the switching of the ventricles of the heart to a more economical mode of functioning by the 30th day. Using central cholinoblockers or tranquilizers, having a cholinoblocking component in the mechanism of its influence during neurogenic stress and in the post-stress period is excluded, but it is possible to use stressprotektors.

A growing demand for the ecologically pure products brings us for searching novel biotechnological approaches for plant cultivation. One of these approaches is the in vitro cultivation and further acclimatization of valuable plant species. The object of our investigation was Ajugareptance L. ornamental plant which possesses high metabolic activity. In vitro cultivation was carried out applying Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium and its modifications. Acclimatization of in vitro plants was implemented according Hazarika. In the presence of twice higher concentration of cytokinins over auxins and 0.2 mg/ml gibberellins callus culture was formed from the leaf explants. Callus tissue was formed in the presence of 0.2 mg/ml kinetin and 2 mg/ml indole-3-acetic acid which has denser structure than the first one. The shoot formation was observed on callus cultures growing on the same medium approximately after 5th passage. Callus culture growth was supported also by the adding of 2 mg/ml 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. For the micropropagation, the already formed shoots were transferred to the nutrient medium which contains only 0.1 mg/ml 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid as a phytohormone. A. reptans culture has high regenerative ability and the micro-propagation index was 104 – 105. In vitro regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized to the soil conditions during two-week period.