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The objective of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy in wineries. The factors analysed were solar radiation, cost of PV installation, prices in the public electricity grid, size of the winery, power of installed panels, influence of the decreased consumption during weekends, and seasonality in the consumption. The study has been based on the European TESLA project, in which 39 energy audits were carried out in wineries in four European countries. A winery of 30,000 hL/year was characterized as a representative winery. The results showed that seasonality was key in the profitability of the system for self-consumption, related to the optimum power to be installed of PV. It was recommended to install, as an optimal PV power, the stable electrical power that is demanded in the daytime period. Optimizing the installed power of PV panels in the representative winery, the percentage of electrical energy consumption covered by photovoltaic energy varied between 16% and 22%. The percentage of the cost of electric energy covered varied between 18% and 24%, with payback values between 18 years (3.1 peak sun hours of solar radiation -PSH) and 10 years (5.6 peak sun hours of solar radiation - PSH). All the factors involved were analyzed.

The Eurasian grapevine (Vitis vinifera), a species cultivated worldwide for high-quality wine production, is extremely susceptible to the agent of downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola. Nevertheless, germplasm from Georgia (Southern Caucasus, the first grapevine domestication centre), characterized by a high genetic variability, showed resistance traits to P. viticola. The cultivar Mgaloblishvili exhibited the most promising phenotype in terms of resistance against P. viticola. Its defence response results in: i) low disease intensity; ii) low sporulation; iii) damaged mycelium; iv) production of antimicrobial compounds such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), whose effectiveness on the pathogen was evaluated by leafdisc assays. At the transcriptomic level, its resistance mechanism is determined by the differential expression of both resistance and susceptible genes. The resistance genes are related to: i) pathogen recognition through PAMP, DAMP and effector receptors; ii) ethylene signalling pathway; iii) synthesis of antimicrobial compounds (VOCs) and fungal wall degrading enzymes; iv) development of structural barriers (cell wall reinforcement). The first putative susceptible gene was the transcription factor VviLBDIf7 gene, whose validation was carried out by dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) assay. In this work, these unique results on plant-pathogen interaction are reviewed with the aim of developing new strategies to control the disease.

The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of Siberian larch dihydroquercetin and dry distilled rose petals supplementation of lambs’ diet on the quality of meat obtained from Bulgarian dairy synthetic population sheep. The experiments were performed with 30 clinically healthy male lambs aged 65 days with equal live weight. There were studied one control group (C) fed for 50 days with ground alfalfa + granulated compound feed and two experimental groups (D) and (R) fed on the same diet supplemented either with 7.5 mg dihydroquercetin/kg/day or with 545 mg DDRP/kg/day respectively. The DDRP diet supplementation increases the sensory scores, carotenoids and essential amino acids of muscles (P ≤ 0.05) but does not affect the content of tocopherols. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found comparing the proximate composition of the group C, R and D. Compared to control group C the supplementation of lambs’ diet with dihydroquercetin and DDRP contributes to a certain increase in the sterols in muscle and adipose tissues but not in liver tissue (P ≤ 0.05). A reduction of WHC of m. Longissimus dorsi and microbial deterioration in both muscles and perirenal fatty tissue was found in experimental groups D and R.

The article deals with the issues of the influence of heat stress that occurs in the summer on the indicators characterizing the reproductive qualities. Purebred sows of tested Poltava meat breed of different genotypes were investigated: Group I - individuals-offspring obtained by the method of introductory crossing using the blood of early maturing meat breed (blood content 12.5 %), Group II - individuals obtained by the method of introductory crossing using the blood of the Finnish Landrace (blood content of 12.5 %). It was found that in sows of the Poltava meat breed with the blood of early maturing meat breed, the number of live piglets at birth significantly exceeds the indices of sows with the blood of the Finnish Landrace by 8.27 % at p≤0.05. According to the analysis of Cv, these natural and technological conditions had the greatest influence on the duration of the service period in sows of Group I. Wherein, the least influence of these natural and technological conditions was found for the indicator of the duration of pregnancy. Animals with the blood of an early maturing meat breed were more adaptable to these natural and technological conditions.

For the zones of “risky farming” characteristic of the Far East of the Russian Federation, the natural production conditions of the region are an important problem in preparing the soil for further basic agricultural work. So, when carrying out early spring agricultural work, due to presence of a solid underlying layer in the form of permafrost, they shall be completed in operational terms no more than 10 days, until the permafrost base thaws and the soil has not lost its bearing capacity. In addition, due to the peculiarities of the relief, the soil does not thaw equally in depth everywhere, which reduces the quality of field work and harrowing, as the most common operation, namely. This article provides theoretical and experimental studies on the adaptation of a wheeled tractor as part of a machine-tractor unit (MTU) used in harrowing to natural production conditions by installing a device that automatically regulates the load on the working body of the disc harrow or on the propellers of the energy device, depending on the conditions of use or the state of the motion surface.

The article presents the results of studying the reaction of tomato plants to an artificial substrate on which they are grown with all other things being equal — lighting, nutrition, temperature, and etc. Among the studied parameters, the plants reacted to the greatest extent with an average daily growth, filling of fruits, which mainly influenced the yield of tomatoes.

Analysis of absolutely dry matter (ADM) accumulation is important indicator of productivity of crop plants. For three seasons, we investigated the effect of sterile cytoplasms on content of ADM in the F1 hybrids of grain sorghum obtained on the basis of two series of alloplasmic iso-nuclear CMS-lines: (1) with A3, A4, and 9E cytoplasms and (2) with 9E and M35-1A cytoplasms. For the first time, the effect of the type of sterile cytoplasm on content of ADM in the F1 sorghum hybrids was shown. In each season, A3 cytoplasm reduced ADM in the F1 hybrids at the “tillering – heading” stage, whereas 9E cytoplasm increased ADM at the “heading – complete maturity” stage. The most significant differences were observed under drought conditions. These data indicate the genetic influence of cytoplasm on assimilation capacity of sorghum hybrids and tolerance to drought stress.

The physical parameters of two products widely used in the confectionery industry – peanuts and cocoa beans – have been studied. The hydrodynamic characteristics of these products, influencing the fluidized bed roasting regime, have been determined. The hydrodynamics of a rotating-pulsed fluidization of the cited materials has been examined. Dependences are derived for calculating the bed pressure drops and the initial fluidization velocity of the particles during rotating-pulsed creation of fluidization.

To study the effect of low molecular weight antioxidants on the respiration process, the content of auxins and abscisic acid, 15-day-old potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers grown under laboratory conditions were sprayed with 5.8 μM sodium selenite solution or 0.1 mM caffeic acid solution. Control runners were treated with water. Hypothermia (-2 °C) simulating freezing was created for 2 hours. 21-day-old runners were analyzed. Under optimal temperature conditions, the studied antioxidants stimulated the respiration process, while selenite had a greater effect. Caffeic acid increased the maintenance respiration rate. Selenite and caffeic acid increased the auxin content in the runners. Selenite reduced the amount of abscisic acid, resulting in an increase in the indoleacetic acid/abscisic acid ratio. Under hypothermic conditions, caffeic acid significantly reduced the increase in respiration, and in the option with selenite, an insignificant stabilization of this process was noted with a greater decrease in indoleacetic acid/abscisic acid ration as compared with optimal conditions.

Microgreens are a new functional food crop that can facilitate adaptation to urbanization and global climate change, and improve human health. The research was carried out in 2021 at the Department of Landscape Architecture of the Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy. The aim of the research was to study the technology of cultivation of microgreens of the Brassicaceae family on an aqueous substrate. The objects of research were the seeds of cultivated plants of the Brassicaceae family: Brassica oleracea Broccoli Group broccoli or asparagus, Fortuna, Raphanus sativus radish, Violetta, Lepidium sativum, watercress, Dansky, and Eruca versicaria, arugula, Sicily. It was revealed that microgreens can be obtained from seeds of the Brassicaceae family in 6-12 days. Such a product does not have time to accumulate harmful substances from the atmosphere in a short period of time. When growing microgreens, it is not necessary to use mineral fertilizers, pesticides and, thus, it is possible to obtain environmentally friendly, biologically useful products with low material costs. It was found that, depending on the seeds of the studied crops and their genotype, the cycle of growing microgreens lasts from 6 to 10 days after germination. Depending on the type of culture, the sprouts reached a height of 5-10 cm. The laboratory germination rate was 96-98%.

The developed infrastructure of a small agricultural business (ISAB) ensures the innovative development of production of small enterprises of the agro-industrial complex (AIC), solves social problems of rural areas and provides employment for the rural population, performing a number of functions, including: property, financial, consulting, information, legal, innovative , social and export support for small agricultural businesses (SAB). The aim of the study is to identify the problems of the infrastructure development of the SAB and search for their solutions. The methods of generalization, economic and mathematical modeling, functional analysis were used, the data of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, the reporting of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, publications of foreign and domestic authors and other sources served as the material for the study. It was proposed to use the institution of “commercial procurement”, to functionally expand the “financial” service, to organize a Single Industry Center for Infrastructure Development (Center), which will ensure effective interaction of all participants through the use of a digital platform based on a service-oriented architecture (SOA). The platform needs to be integrated with government information systems that support the infrastructure development of the SAB. The cluster organization of infrastructure facilities will increase efficiency, will contribute to the concentration of resources and their greater purposefulness. The main result of the implementation of new organizational mechanisms should be the effective development of the IMAB.

Kochia prostrata (L.) Shrad. - a perennial plant with a height of 35-75 cm, according to its life form - a shrub, according to ecology - an euhaloxerophyte, according to an adaptive strategy - violent, an extremely drought-resistant and salt-tolerant, valuable forage plant in desert pastures. It grows on solonetz soils, stony soils, chalk outcrops, in saline and sandy steppes, plain desert sands, on gray soils. In the growing season, Kochia prostrata hay contains up to 16.5 % protein, 15.4 % ash substances, 2.7 % fat, 34.5 % nitrogen-free extractives and 29.6 % fiber. Fodder productivity reaches 2.2-2.5 t/ha of dry fodder mass, seed productivity - on average 100-150 kg/ha. High drought resistance and salt tolerance, good forage qualities make Kochia prostrata a promising forage plant for introduction into cultivation in arid regions of the Caspian semi-desert in order to restore the lost biodiversity and forage productivity of degraded pastures.

Amaranth is a pseudo-grain with a high grain yield that can withstand extreme climatic and soil conditions. Amaranth also has good nutritional qualities with high levels of protein, minerals and fat compared to commonly used grains such as corn. Amaranth grain contains 16/100 g protein, 173 mg / 100 g calcium, 35 mg / 100 g iron, 3 mg / 100 g zinc and higher levels of potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, vitamins A and E and folic acid than grain of cereals. Consuming this grain helps in improving kidney complaints, constipation and anemia. The aim of this study is to develop a dessert technology with the addition of a plant additive amaranth seeds sort “Polet” as a complete protein and a source of dietary fiber and replacing sugar with flower honey. Optimum concentration of flour from amaranth seeds was determined. During the experiment, the textural properties of desserts were studied.

The study of the product range of the enterprise, in particular, the agricultural ones, is one of the priority areas. Maintaining a stable demand for reduced goods is an obligatory condition for strategizing activities, a guarantee of development. The presented research reflects the theoretical foundations of enterprise management, in terms of building a strategy; the assortment features for both commodity and trade ones are disclosed; the authors highlighted the specifics of agricultural production through strategic management and its goal setting. In the main part of the work, there is a block focused on the study of the assortment within the framework of the agricultural enterprise management, based on the product range optimization. This is supported by the conclusions that this approach is a source of diversification of an agricultural enterprise production activity and takes into account both the existing market needs and the capabilities of the enterprise itself when creating the necessary conditions for its development, ensuring competitiveness not only in local markets, but also includes a possibility to expand its market zone. The assortment of goods was studied in a separate block on the example of a specific agricultural enterprise - the greenhouse complex JSC “Sukhovskiy”, a member of the Siberian agricultural complex of the brand “Em Rodnoe”. The assessment of the main economic indicators of the activities of JSC “Sukhovskiy” was carried out. For the purpose of practical testing of the developed directions of strategizing the product range of JSC “Sukhovskiy”, there was proposed a variant of its expansion by introducing roses into the “line” of production as the most popular and demanded flowers in high demand among the population. In addition, the agrotechnology of this production in the conditions of a greenhouse economy is shown, possible sales channels for finished products are proposed, the costs of the “rose” assortment line are structured and the predicted economic effect from the implementation of the proposed measures is calculated.

Based on molecular genetic approaches, a study of the biodiversity of the phytopathogenic fungus Pyricularia oryzae Cav. was carried out in the south of Russia, the classification of morphological and cultural traits of the pathogen was carried out. In 2020, monitoring was carried out and 9 strains of the pathogen were isolated from the affected herbarium material collected from the fields of five ecological rice-growing zones of Krasnodar region (Krasnoarmeisky, Kalininsky, Abinsky, Slavyansky districts, Krasnodar). Using a multiplex PCR system based on fragment analysis, among the studied strains of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. 5 genotypes were identified in 2020, each of which is was characterized by a unique genetic profile. Their «DNA-passports» have been compiled. The studied isolates of the blast pathogen were characterized by morphological and cultural traits. 6 morphotypes of the pathogen were identified. Classification of the pathogen by morphological, cultural and genetic traits will allow obtaining scientifically grounded and comparable data that can be used in the analysis of the interaction of blast strains with rice plants on different varieties and in different agro-technological conditions in order to improve and rationalize agricultural activities. In addition, the studied approaches open up the possibility of using data in breeding, allowing the identification of pathogen forms that infect certain varieties.

Plant protection strategies in organic viticulture are based on the application of copper products, which is well known to generate a consistent environmental impact due to the accumulation of copper in soils and its negative effects on edaphic biodiversity. Life Green Grapes is a demonstrative project aiming to improve the sustainability of viticulture throughout the supply chain: from vine nursery to the table. In this paper, we report the main results obtained over three growing seasons (2018-2020) in response to the adoption of a strategy based on a reduced use of copper products in an organic vineyard. Plant protection treatments have been strictly planned according to forecasting models for disease development and fungicides have been partially substituted with products improving plant resistance. Green manure, known for contributing to the health of the vineyard, was also adopted. Results suggest the effectiveness of the “Green Grapes” strategy under low downy mildew pressure. Furthermore, no declines in grape quality have been observed; on the contrary, the synergic effect of green manure and substances beneficial to plants improved yield. An overall positive influence on the edaphic biodiversity was also observed.

Using the methods of scanning electron microscopy, morphological and functional features of the mucous membrane of the corners of the mouth in representatives of Bovinae cattle [Bos taurus taurus] with normal and insufficient nutrition and their adaptive significance were revealed. Determination of the morphology of the mucous membrane and its functional structures of the corners of the mouth of ruminants by the specificity of their nutrition and physical condition is shown. Compensatory mechanisms have been identified in the mucous membrane of the corners of the mouth in Bos taurus taurus, caused by poor-quality malnutrition. The ultrastructural features of the architectonics of the mucous membrane and its functional structures of the corners of the mouth and microbiome were revealed in connection with the specific nutritional characteristics of the compared animals. The obtained information can be used in development of the foundations of rational feeding of ruminants, including keeping wild species in captivity and solving the problems of rational nature management and conservation of biodiversity.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the existing problem and scientific and technical search for the development of an installation for the purpose of obtaining a feed additive. At the same time, we pay attention to the justification of the technology and application of the installation in order to obtain a feed additive for inclusion in the diet of various types of farm animals and birds. At the same time, the authors draw on the rationale and its use in order to obtain a feed additive for ensuring and further inclusion in the diet of various types of farm animals and birds. The set goal and tasks are solved by the proposed installation, designed to obtain a safe reserve feed additive from neutralized sludge sediments of treatment facilities, animal and poultry waste from the agro-industrial complex. The proposed innovative installation is designed to obtain a feed additive for various species of animals and birds. The developed technological algorithm with the installation produces safe, useful products. It can be used as a feed additive in the diet of farm animals and birds.

The integrated influence of trade, technological and production fundamentals that shape the market of flue-cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco in Bulgaria objectifies the need of systematic surveys on the quality of the tobacco varieties represented in the country. Therefore, current investigation regarded the quality level of PVH19 and Niki tobacco varieties in the regions of South and North Bulgaria (labeled conditionally as “local”), as well as that of two introduced varieties, H9 (Hungary) and V (Greece). The basic indicators of FCV tobacco quality were analyzed (leaf and smoke chemical composition, external leaf quality elements, smoking quality), and the final evaluation was completed by determining the complex “quality index score”. The results from the study revealed differences in tobacco quality formation, both on a region and variety basis, in terms of leaf and smoke chemical composition, expert and smoking assessment. The final rating of the studied varieties by the complex evaluation procedure was as follows: the best quality level was found for the H9 variety introduced for the region of Plovdiv, followed by PVH19 variety from the same region, the next were PVH19 (Parvomay) and V (Central North Bulgaria) varieties, and the lowest rated was the local Niki variety (Central North Bulgaria).

The study examines the organization of a new business for the harvesting and processing of wild plants based on the development of traditional industries, trades and crafts of rural residents. As process solutions, a block of design justifications is presented, aimed at developing practical measures on the stated topic. In particular, the emphasis is placed on the economic justification and social significance when organizing a business for processing wild plants. In the substantive part of the study, a model for calculating capital investments is presented; sources of financing for a business project are indicated. Separately, it is worth highlighting the element of practical implementation, including the technical modernization of the production process of processing raw materials, namely, the improvement of the technological process through the use of microwave vacuum drying technology. The calculation of the need for personnel is performed; the possible qualification requirements for employees are indicated. The research of the market of similar products based on information search was carried out. An overview of the average retail prices is made according to the Internet portal “Russian agro-industrial server Agroserver.ru”, on the basis of which the forecasted amounts of proceeds from sales and the expected profit from organizing a business for processing wild plants are calculated. Significant expected results are: an increase in the standard of living of the population collecting and harvesting wild plants; providing employment in rural areas; saturation of the market with products of wild plants; strengthening of competitive positions; saturation of the market with locally produced products; increasing the profitability of regional and local budgets. It is assumed that at the initial stage, the manufactured products will be sold mainly in the region. The sale will be carried out through trade networks, as well as in markets, stationary retail outlets, fairs, exhibitions, the main consumers of the products will be the population of the Kemerovo region.

The paper presents the analysis of the genusThymusof the flora of the South-East of the North Caucasus. Revealed the total species, compiled an aspect of the genusThymus, and conducted the analysis's bioecological, geographical composition. In the investigated territory, we have registered eightthymusspecies, distributed mainly in xerophilic types of vegetation: steppe, friganoid, alpine, meadow-steppe, and meadow societies.

Solving new problems of sustainable development of society and territories requires improving the regulation of land relations to meet the managerial, production and technological needs of society. Improving the efficiency of regulating land relations and the use of lands of all categories in the context of their global degradation is one of the most important socio-economic problems in modern conditions. To solve the problems of land management, their rational use and protection, optimization of agricultural production, taking into account the environmental safety of products, an integrated approach to the regulation of land relations is needed, which is provided by the system of land management and land monitoring. The need to improve land relations management is obvious and indisputable, and the topic of the work seems relevant and timely. The purpose of the work is to develop practical recommendations for improving the mechanism of land relations management at the state and municipal level. Management decision-making should be based on the principles of strategic and tactical planning of innovation activities, taking into account the geopolitical, economic and socio-cultural specifics of the territory.

Parsnip is a root that has a number of useful nutrients. For this reason, in recent years it has been rehabilitated and is widely used in dried form in the food industry and for medicinal purposes. Knowledge of its equilibrium characteristics of the products has an important practical significance, which is expressed in the selection of a suitable drying regime, selection of optimal storage conditions, determination of the energy and the form of connection of water with the material, etc. Therefore, an experimental study was performed to determine the equilibrium moisture content of parsnip and equations describing the sorption and desorption isotherms of parsnip at a temperature of 20°C were derived. Its equilibrium moisture content at higher temperatures (20, 40 and 60°C) was determined theoretically by the method of Pass and Slepchenko. All results are summarized in analytical, graphical and tabular form.

On the experimental basis of the Chuvash Research Agricultural Institute-a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N. V. Rudnitsky “, the influence of microbiological growth regulators on biometric indicators, yield and its structural elements of seed plantings of potatoes of the Chaika variety was studied. The use of leaf nutrition preparations of the agrotechnology combine “Azur-Niva LLC” contributed to: an increase in the vegetative mass of potato plants by 42 %; an increase in the yield of marketable potatoes from one bush, the number of potato tubers increased by 6.8 pcs., and the mass of tubers by 95 %; an increase in potato yield was 32.8 %.

The agriculture system is a significant contributor to North Macedonia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but with substantial influence by economic policies. In 2020, the sector contributed 9.09% against 7.87% in 2017 and the years before, contributing to past political insecurities. Agriculture performance needs to be reinforced with suitable economic policies, which would solve the prevailing complications in food systems. The temperate of North Macedonia is not favourable for food production, and irrigation is an effective means of providing water. The total arable land in North Macedonia is about 665,000 hectares, which is 50% of the total available land. Only about 163,700 hectares are provided with water through several government irrigation schemes. Aside from the country being water deficient, the mean temperature of the region is also high and is continually on the increase. It is estimated that in 2050, the mean annual temperature would have increased 1.90°C and a decline of 5% in precipitation. North Macedonia can achieve more by having an increased growing season and changing cropping patterns to adapt to climate changes. Since the agricultural sector is less profitable, the government needs to enact more policies to improve the food system performance to experience positive returns.

The livestock sector plays a special role in the formation of the rural economy and the life of society, performing a wide range of different functions. Agriculture, as a result of its activities, provides new jobs, in connection with which unemployment is reduced, there is also a decrease in rural migration, there is a change in the competitive environment, as a result of which the needs of the food market are being satisfied. A comprehensive assessment of the impact of animal husbandry on the development of the territory of the Kurgan region is the goal of our study. The article examines the development trends of the industry on the example of the Kurgan region. The influence of the development of animal husbandry on the provision of food security in the region has been studied. Such indicators as the volume of agricultural products for all types of categories, livestock, production of basic livestock products by categories of farms in the Kurgan region for 2016-2020 were considered and analyzed.

The pneumatic system with a vertical annular aspiration channel for vibration-centered grain separators been developed. The rational values of the disk grain distributor are the length of the sectors 0.15 m, the angle of inclination of the sectors 60°. The rotation speed of the distributor in the seed mode (grain supply 5…15 t/h) should be 100…200 min-1 and in the food mode (grain supply 15…25 t/h) must be 100…150 min-1. The effect of the release of light impurities in the developed aspiration system decreases from 45% to 20% with an increase in the supply of grain G from 5 to 25 t/h, herewith at the same time the loss of a full-fledged grain to waste decreases from 0.6...0.8% to 0.3...0.4%, while the effect of the release of light impurities in the aspiration system of the mass-produced vibration centrifugal grain separator decreases from 11% to 4% with the same losses of grain to waste.

The paper presents the results of studies devoted to the study of the rare for Dagestan species Nectaroscordum tripedale Trautv., Included in the Red Data Books of Russia and Dagestan, as endangered (rarity category 1). The aim of this work was to assess the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the aerial part of N. tripedale. Plant raw materials were collected in the vegetation and flowering phase, and the content of phenolic compounds was studied, both in fresh raw materials and in frozen ones. Determination of the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was carried out in water - ethanol extracts (70% ethanol solution) according to standard methods. The content of phenolic compounds is higher in fresh raw materials than in dried ones. The analysis showed that the leaves contain more flavonoids and anthocyanins than the rest, and the least of them is in the flower arrows. Evaluation of the total content of antioxidants in water - ethanol extracts from the aboveground part of the Dagestan N. tripedale samples. The data of phytochemical studies are of great importance and contribute to supplementing the available information on the dynamics of the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in herbaceous plants on the territory of Dagestan.

Breeding programs for disease resistance were developed from the 19th century on, in both the old (Europe) and new world as a way to promote sustainable viticulture. The main results of breeding, in terms of disease resistance and grape (and wine) quality are described, ranging from the first American hybrids to the most recent varieties. The activity of some representative breeders is discussed and the current situation in Italy is reported. Productive, legislative, and commercial aspects for wine production are considered, especially for European Union where the wine sector is strongly regulated. The perspectives of breeding for disease resistance are discussed, including the new breeding techniques (Nbt) like cis-genesis and genome editing. The importance to interact with the society to make acceptable these innovations is emphasized. While less acceptance problems are expected with table grapes, raisins or rootstocks, more concerns might arise with wine grapes. The role of science is to give the legislator tools to cope with sustainability and to educate the society (from the grape grower to the wine consumer) to a correct understanding. Innovations can be a real advantage only if they are accepted by all the actors of the wine chain.

Onion processing generates large amount of solid waste. Due to the high amount of biologically active substances the onion processing residues could be interesting source of value-added functional ingredients. In this study the response surface methodology was applied to explore the possibilities of modelling and optimization of the methanol extraction of total flavonoids from onion processing waste. The extraction temperature, time and solvent concentration were first optimized employing Box-Behnken design and then the extraction efficiency was further assessed through kinetics. The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be 53oC, 66 min and 61% of methanol concentration. Data indicated that predicted (15.54 mgQE g-1 dw) and experimental (15.58±0.03 mgQE g-1 dw) values of total flavonoids were not significant different (p > 0.05). The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the extraction process were determined also.

The research is aimed at finding new ways that contribute to environmental improvement. It is evident that there is a great need at the moment to find optimal methods of construction and demolition waste recycling while renovating urban areas. The researchers examine the recycling method which is characterized as one of the most effective ways to solve the problem of construction waste disposal. In this paper the authors resort to the method of comparison as well as to graphical, tabular, and abstract-logical methods. They analyze two main methods used to carry out recycling operations: the first method involves recycling waste at the site of construction using mobile crushing plants and the second involves recycling at stationary crushing and grading complexes. Then the authors point out advantages and disadvantages of these methods and examine the efficiency of a stationary complex. The researchers also calculate the prime cost of construction waste processing at a stationary crushing and grading complex and its payback period. It is concluded that the use of a stationary complex for construction and demolition waste recycling is technically and economically feasible.

According to OIE and FAO data in 2009-2019, there have been 2,884 outbreaks of plague of small ruminants (PPR) worldwide, mainly in Africa and Asia. Mortality from this pathology reaches 100 %. The economic damage caused by this disease to animal husbandry consists of a mass mortality, a decrease in the productivity of sick animals and the cost of quarantine measures in a disadvantaged area. Cartographic analysis showed that the highest concentration of PPR outbreaks for the indicated period was observed in five main regions. Northwest Africa (includes Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia); The Black Sea coast of Bulgaria; Eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea (Israel); People’s Republic of Bangladesh; Southern, Southeastern and Eastern parts of the People’s Republic of China. Outbreaks with the largest number of dead animals were concentrated mainly in Bangladesh and China. Outbreaks with the largest number of dead animals were concentrated mainly in Bangladesh and China, where vaccinations have not been carried out in recent years. The study of the correlation between the PPR incidence rate and the number of animals immunized in the most disadvantaged states found only modest reductions in incidence as a result of vaccination campaigns. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was - 0.13 for Algeria, - 0.19 for Bangladesh and - 0.33 for Israel, which appears to be due to the small scale of vaccination campaigns. The obtained results of the epizootic analysis by PPR indicate insufficient coverage of animals susceptible to the pathogen by vaccination and a greater likelihood of new outbreaks of the disease not only in disadvantaged countries, but also the spread of infection in new territories.

Successful treatment of veterinary infectious diseases in the context of widespread use of antibiotic therapy depends on the effectiveness of the drugs used to contain or destroy the etiological agent. It is generally accepted that the resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents is variable, including due to the horizontal movement of resistance with the help of mobile genetic elements. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern analysis is an important component of the diagnosis and treatment of veterinary diseases. The article describes a study that includes isolation and identification of microorganisms from samples taken from pathological material of pigs and the analysis of sensitivity to eleven antimicrobial drugs by the disk-diffusion method.

Biostimulants are increasingly assuming a key role in viticulture, thanks to the well-known ability to influence the physiological behavior of plants, promoting the quality of the grapes and improving vine response to abiotic stress. Seaweed extracts are among the most used and studied biostimulants, while there are very few cyanobacterial-based biostimulants currently available on the market. This work had the purpose of investigating the effects of an extract ofArthrospira platensison eco-physiology, water potential, yield and quality of grapes inVitis viniferaExperiments were conducted in open field (seasons 2017 and 2018) in Tuscany, carrying out foliar treatments with theA. platensisextract 20 days and ten days before the expected harvest. Following the treatments, gas exchanges and water potential were monitored, and berry samples were collected to evaluate the technological and phenolic quality of the grapes. In general, the treatments only marginally influenced gas exchanges and water potential, with diversified results in relation to the seasonal climatic trend (2017 season, hot and drought; 2018 milder season), indicating a more conservative behavior of the treated vines compared to the control vines. In addition,A. platensisalways increased the berry weight, maintaining unchanged or improving the technological and phenolic quality of the grapes at harvest compared to the control. Although no univocal response to treatment emerges, the results globally suggest a positive impact of the leaf distribution ofA. platensison the eco-physiology and quanti-qualitative characteristics inV. viniferacandidating cyanobacteria for the formulation of new biostimulants.

Vineyard is a multifunctional ecosystem associated to a multitude of environmental benefits and ecosystem services. Despite the increased research efforts on the analysis of biodiversity patterns and ecosystem services in vineyard, the lack of approaches to multifunctionality suggests to develop integrated approaches allowing to manage the complexity of vineyard landscape. The present study introduces an innovative methodology aimed at developing a unitary framework able to describe vineyard ecosystems biodiversity considering both local (morphological characteristics, internal ecological infrastructure, and management) and landscape (land-use) components. The case of Franciacorta wine-growing area is described considering a total of 112 ha located in three wine companies. Four informative layers related to different components of Franciacorta territory were defined: i) morphology; ii) internal ecological infrastructure; iii) landscape composition; iv) management. This study provides a useful instrument to increase knowledge about vineyard system biodiversity and to protect ecosystem services provision in Franciacorta territory. The methodology applied can easily be extended to the whole wine-growing compartment.

Karnobat sheep plays an important role in the development of sheep breeding in Southeastern region of Bulgaria. They are valuable source of genetic material. The aim of present experiment was to determine the allele variation of CAST gene in Local Karnobat and Karnobat Merino sheep breeds. A total of 60 blood samples were collected – 30 per breed. DNA was extracted and genotypes of all animals were identified by means of PCR-RFLP technique. The restriction reactions were accomplished by specific enzyme MspI. As expected both breeds were characterized with low level of genetic diversity due to the fact that mostly maintaining selection has been implemented. In Local Karnobat sheep breed was identified only one heterozygous individual from all 30. In Karnobat merino were identified allele M with frequency 0,97 and allele N with frequency 0,03. Genotypes MM and MN were revealed with frequencies 0,93 and 0,07, respectively. According to the statistical analysis both breeds were in HWE equilibrium.

The use of sea buckthorn fruits in medicine, cosmetology and as a source of ingredients that improve the quality of food has already been studied and continues to be studied. One of these ingredients can serve as pectin substances of sea buckthorn, isolated from it in its pure form. Considering the relevance of this direction, the main task of this work was the study and identification of pectin substances isolated from the fruits of wild sea buckthorn growing in Azerbaijan. Using cavitation-membrane technology, samples of pectin substances from sea buckthorn pomace were obtained under optimal technological conditions, after which the physicochemical characteristics were studied and their identification was carried out using physicochemical methods - elementary analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy. Data have been obtained indicating that sea buckthorn pectin is a low-esterified pectin, which consists of a mixture of linear and highly branched polymers of α-D-galacturonane and other polysaccharides, whose macromolecules include galacturonic acid residues and neutral sugars. The high complexing ability of the obtained pectin in relation to lead ions has been established, which makes it possible to recommend it as an active ingredient for therapeutic and prophylactic products. The data obtained allow us to get a more complete picture of the biotechnological potential of local sea buckthorn as a source of pectin substances.

The article presents the materials of microbiological studies of the contents of the uterus of cows with acute catarrhal-purulent form of postpartum endometritis. Studies have shown that the microflora was represented by Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecium, Citrobacter freundii, Streptococcus pyogenes. The antibacterial activity of microflora to the drugs Enroflor®, Geomicini® F and Mitrec® was studied. The results of use of drugs for the clinical recovery of animals, the restoration of sexual cyclicity in cows were analyzed. The features of fertilization of cows after intrauterine use of various drugs for sexual cycles and for the entire duration of the experiment were studied. It was found that the highest therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of cows with acute catarrhal - purulent form of postpartum endometritis is provided by drug Mitrec®.

In this article, the authors consider the problem of ensuring food security of territories as one of the areas of sustainable economic development. The authors' studies have shown that solution to this problem largely depends on the regulation at the state level of individually balanced human nutrition in order to ensure the optimal ratio of the components necessary for life.

The materials on the study of the content of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in fish are presented. It has been established that the level of heavy metals and pesticides in fish is influenced by the territorial location of the pond production. Therefore, the content of lead, cadmium and mercury in the liver and gonads of carp was higher than the permissible values for fish growing in ponds located in the city limits near highways. The pesticides DDT and HCH were detected in the organs of fish in the territories of pond fish farming of farms. Residual concentrations of pesticides contained in fish did not exceed the maximum permissible levels. In order to safely consume fish grown near highways by the population, we recommend the removal of internal organs (liver and gonads) from fish products.

It is impossible to organize proper feeding of farm animals without a detailed study of the composition of the nutritional content of feed. Legume-grass mixtures occupy one of main places in solving the problem of high-quality feed production. Since mixed crops of legumes and cereals retain high fodder quality of green mass due to high protein content in legumes. To meet the need for a high-quality feed base, it is necessary to look for ways to increase the yield of fodder crops. The use of innovative technologies is one of the components of modern crop production. The aim of the study was to study the methods of seed treatment in conjunction with the technology of mixed crops; it allows obtaining a green mass with the desired productive properties. Thus, the article presents the materials of a field study on the development of a highly productive green feed. The results of the study of combined and mixed crops on the nutritional value and productivity of annual forages of peas, millet, and barley using pre-sowing seed treatment with ultrafine particles of SiO2; MoO2; Fe3O4 and growth regulators AgroVerm and RibavExtra were obtained. As a result of the experiment, it was shown that the use of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with ultradispersed SiO2 particles in combined crops showed the maximum leaf surface area of 85.5 thousand m2/ha. By the time of harvesting, the safety of plants on variants with the use of SiO2; Fe3O4; MoO2 was 88.4%; 87.5%; 86.5% respectively. According to the collection of digestible protein, variant with the use of ultrafine particles SiO2 was 20% in both sowing methods. Low protein content was 16.1%; 16.4% in the control variants respectively. According to the content of feed units in 1 kg of dry matter, SiO2 variants prevail with 0.91. Thus, the research is the basis for possible studying of combined and mixed crops with the use of pre-sowing seed treatment with ultrafine particles. It allows obtaining high-quality feed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of early leaf removal (ELR) and cluster thinning (CT) on the phenolic composition of cv. Teran berries and wines, and the sensory profile of wines at 6 and 24 months after fermentation. Although only ELR increased the concentration of total anthocyanins in the berries as compared to the untreated control (UC), both ELR and CT had higher concentration of total anthocyanins and greater colour intensity in the resultant wines than the UC. Similar effects were obtained with total phenolics in the berries and the wines; while CT obtained higher concentration of total phenolics in the berries than UC only in one season, same treatment obtained higher concentration of total phenolics in the wine in both seasons as compared to UC. Only minor sensory differences in wines were obtained at the age of 6 months, while treatments were highly discriminated 24 months after fermentation, when both ELR and CT wines had more enhanced fruitiness, aromatic intensity, complexity, body, balance and wine overall quality than UC. The obtained results indicate that adequate wine aging period is needed for a relevant assessment of the impact of vineyard management practices on wine sensory characteristics.

The article presents substantiation for expanding the market for functional food products, in particular, confectionery - caramel. Proper nutrition is an integral part of a modern person diet; due to their properties, they increase the immunity and immune status of a person. The aim of the work is to create composite mixtures for sugar-free caramel using modern software. The studies were carried out using the MathLab software package, in particular the Statistica 10.0 software. A methodology for creating recipes using system packages has been developed. To enrich the caramel, the following components were selected: apple juice, coltsfoot extract, orange juice, mint and burdock extract, cranberry and lingonberry juices. An optimal recipe has been designed and equations are presented for calculating the dosages of the components of the enriched sugar-free caramel based on a natural sweetener isomalt with the addition of plant-based additives containing macro and micronutrients necessary for the normal functioning of the human body with a diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus.

This article examines the role of multipliers – subsectors of agriculture, as the core of the agroeconomic system of any region, using the example of the Ural Federal Okrug, and also evaluates their sustainability based on materials from 2010-2015. Three basic subsectors are analyzed as multipliers: grain production, dairy farming and poultry farming. As a result of the author's calculations using the appropriate methods, a conclusion was drawn about the dependence of the basic industries on each other, as well as on the market model in a particular territory.

The antimicrobial activity of potentially probiotic strains is important for their possible application in the development of successful strategies for bio-preservation of different foods. The antimicrobial activity of the potentially probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum L4 against the pathogenic bacteria Salmonella abony; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli and the phytopathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus was determined using agar-diffusion assay with wells. Lb. plantarum L4 exhibited high antagonistic activity against all test microorganisms included in the study, which was due not only to the production and accumulation of lactic acid and other organic acids, but also to the production of other bioactive substances. The bioactive substances were then submitted to the action of different enzymes. This allowed to observe that they have protein nature, suggesting that they are likely bacteriocins or bacteriocin-like substances. The substances produced by Lb. plantarum L4 did not lose their antimicrobial activity during heat treatment at temperatures above 100 °С for 15 min and they exhibited high inhibitory activity against the test-microorganisms when pH ranged between 4 and 7. After further examination of the properties of the produced antimicrobial compounds, Lb. plantarum L4 can be used in the development of strategies for bio-preservation of different food products.