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This paper provides an overview of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), a new emerging concept in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. It introduces a typology of NBS, from minimal intervention to the highest degree of engineering, and provides examples of each. It also provides an overview of the ‘Life Metro Adapt’ project, which focused on the climate problems of the Milan Metropolitan City and supported the development of climate change adaptation strategies through alternative, nature-based solutions. Finally, the paper stresses the need for increased awareness of environmental issues, in order to ensure that NBS become ‘commonplace’ today and can be perfected in the future.