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Micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) with outstanding performance are promising candidates for next-generation displays. To achieve the application of high-resolution displays such as meta-displays, virtual reality, and wearable electronics, the size of LEDs must be reduced to the micro-scale. Thus, traditional technology cannot meet the demand during the processing of micro-LEDs. Recently, lasers with short-duration pulses have attracted attention because of their unique advantages during micro-LED processing such as noncontact processing, adjustable energy and speed of the laser beam, no cutting force acting on the devices, high efficiency, and low cost. Herein, we review the techniques and principles of laser-based technologies for micro-LED displays, including chip dicing, geometry shaping, annealing, laser-assisted bonding, laser lift-off, defect detection, laser repair, mass transfer, and optimization of quantum dot color conversion films. Moreover, the future prospects and challenges of laser-based techniques for micro-LED displays are discussed.

The evolution of next-generation cellular networks is aimed at creating faster, more reliable solutions. Both the next-generation 6G network and the metaverse require high transmission speeds. Visible light communication (VLC) is deemed an important ancillary technology to wireless communication. It has shown potential for a wide range of applications in next-generation communication. Micro light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) are ideal light sources for high-speed VLC, owing to their high modulation bandwidths. In this review, an overview of μLEDs for VLC is presented. Methods to improve the modulation bandwidth are discussed in terms of epitaxy optimization, crystal orientation, and active region structure. Moreover, electroluminescent white LEDs, photoluminescent white LEDs based on phosphor or quantum-dot color conversion, and μLED-based detectors for VLC are introduced. Finally, the latest high-speed VLC applications and the application prospects of VLC in 6G are introduced, including underwater VLC and artificial intelligence-based VLC systems.