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The computational fluid dynamics（CFD ）numerical model is established to analyze the aerodynamic heating of gap for thermal protection system. The heat flux distribution of gap is compared with that of plate. Maximum heat flux appear at the upper of gap，and the heat flux on windward side is greater than that on leeward side. The heat flux is concentrated in upper gap that is approximately equal to the width of gap. The FEM heat transfer model for heat control analysis of gap is established based on the heat flux of gap. The aerodynamic heating and cavity radiation of gap result in the increase of temperature of structure，which is the reason of the short circuit phenomenon of gap. Finally，the influences of gap shape on the heat control performance are studied. As the width of gap increases，maximum temperature of structure increases. As the radius of rounded corner increases，maximum temperature of structure decreases. As the height of gap step increases，maximum temperature of structure increases，when the height of windward side is greater than that of leeward side. However maximum temperature of structure decreases when the height of windward side is less than that of leeward side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The division iterative marching method on aerodynamic heating and structural heat transfer for the thermal environment of the cone body is presented. The flow field is calculated by the finite volume method. Spatial discretization scheme uses AUSM + . Explicit multi - step Runge - Kutta is used to calculate time iteration scheme. However，the structural heat transfer is calculated by the finite element method. Besides， the data exchange on the coupled wall is conducted by the interpolation method based on the virtual space. The verification example on the circular tube is analyzed，and the relative errors between the calculated values and corresponding test values for the heat flux and temperature of the stagnation point are 1.34% and 4.95% respectively at 2 s. Finally，the analysis on thermal environment of the straight biconic body is conducted. The initial wall heat flux is well matched with the experimental result，and the relative error between calculated value and experimental value at stagnation point is 3.1%. The temperature at the stagnation point increases with the time，and the upward trend slows down gradually. Finally it tends to the steady-state value. The time almost has no influence on the wall pressure，but the wall heat flux decreases with the increase of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CFD numerical model is established to study the aerodynamic heating of thermal protection system (TPS) with initial rectangular damage. The high peak heat flux appears on the side walls of the damage area, and the peak heat flux on windward side is greater than that on the leeward side. But the heat flux on the bottom of damage area is very low. The finite element heat transfer analysis models of thermal protection systems with and without damage are established by using the heat flux calculated above. The damage results show that the maximum temperature of tile rises sharply, and it exceeds the ultimate temperature 1 500℃ that tile can bear, so the failure occurs on the tile firstly. But the damage has little influence on the maximum temperature of structure. Finally, damage tolerance analysis on the TPS is conducted. The maximum admissible width of rectangular damage reduces from 22.7 mm to 12.6 mm, and that of arc damage reduces from 34.6 mm to 25.1 mm when the maximum value of external heat flux increases from 100 kW/m2 to 140 kW/m2 under the ultimate temperature of tile. This is, as the maximum value of external heat flux increases, the maximum admissible width of damage area reduces, and the maximum admissible width of the arc damage is greater than that of the rectangular damage under the same external heat flux level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]