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La miocarditis viral es resultado de una inflamación del miocardio provocada por diferentes virus. Esta enfermedad cardíaca constituye sin duda una urgencia cardiovascular en el adulto por las complicaciones que ocasiona. El cuadro clínico se caracteriza por arritmias e insuficiencia cardíaca que pueden conducir a la muerte. La secuela más frecuente de la miocarditis viral a largo plazo es la miocardiopatía dilatada. En el presente trabajo se revisa etiología, fisiopatología, sintomatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la miocarditis viral en el adulto.Viral myocarditis is the result of a myocardial inflammation provoked by different viruses. This cardiac disease is doubtless a cardiovascular urgency in the adult due to its complications. The clinical picture is characterized by arrhythmias and cardiac failure that may to lead to death. The more frequent long-term myocarditis sequela is the dilated myocardiopathy. In present paper etiology, pathophysiology, symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment of viral myocarditis in the adult are reviewed.

El presente trabajo constituye una revisión bibliográfica donde se reflejan los posibles mecanismos de producción de las afecciones cardíacas en pacientes con VIH positivo y con SIDA, donde se concluyó que el VIH podría ser considerado como una infección viral capaz de generar riesgo de afecciones cardíacas, al nivel del endocardio valvular y mural y desencadenar la aparición de endocarditis. El miocardio es una de las estructuras cardíacas más afectadas con la aparición de miocarditis intersticial, miocardiopatía dilatada, neoplasias cardíacas como el sarcoma de Kaposi y el linfoma inmunoblástico de células B. De todas las estructuras cardíacas la más afectada, según estudios de necropsias, es el pericardio con la presencia de pericarditis aguda, derrame pericárdico ligero, moderado y severo, el taponamiento cardíaco y la pericarditis constrictiva. Por último, al nivel del endotelio coronario se ha visto el desarrollo de aterosclerosis coronaria, secundaria a hiperlipidemias, que se atribuyen a la introducción del tratamiento antirretroviral el cual induce la aparición de un síndrome metabólico, el que podría provocar una disfunción del endotelio coronario.This paper is a bibliographic revision of the possible mechanisms of heart disease generation in HIV positive and AIDS patients, which concluded that HIV could be considered as a viral infection capable of generating risk of heart disease at the level of the valvular and mural endocardium and triggering the onset of endocarditis. The myocardium is one of the cardiac structures most frequently affected by the emergence of interstitial myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac neoplasms such as Kaposi's sarcoma and immunoblastic B-cell lymphoma. Of all cardiac structures, the most frequently affected, according to autopsy studies, is the pericardium, with the presence of acute pericarditis; mild, moderate and severe pericardial effusion; cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis. Finally, the development of coronary atherosclerosis secondary to hyperlipidemia has been observed at the level of the coronary endothelium, which is attributed to the introduction of antiretroviral treatment leading to the emergence of a metabolic syndrome, which could cause coronary endothelial dysfunction.

The electric shock is one of the most frecuent cause of death by natural phenomena. Taking into account the lesions provoked by the kind of impact and electric power, it has been stated that the cardiac lesions constitute one of the main causes of mortality. It is presented a case concerning a 38-year-old woman, who suffered a loss of consciousness and a left ventricle dysfunction by electric shock as a consequence of indirect impact. After she had been admitted, she presented polypnea, third sound and moreover sinus tachycardia in the electrocardiogram (E.C.g9. The rest of electrocardiographic anomalies appeared since the second day after her admission in the hospital. This patient had also some disorders proved by ecocardiographic studies, which are most characteristic in case of direct impact. The changes in both, electrocardiographic and ecocardiographic studies were still existing after the discharge, although it has noticed a clinical and ecocardiographic improvements after the medical treatment. In this research was made also, a brief review of those disorders caused by electric discharges.