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Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the geological environment of the diversion tunnel is changeable, and shield construction is a complex construction process, the risk probability is high, the risk is difficult to predict, and the economic loss and personal injury caused by the risk are immeasurable. Looking for and analyzing the possible risk sources in shield construction of diversion tunnel is helpful to ensure the safe construction of tunnel engineering. In this paper, for a diversion tunnel, the WBS-RBS method was used to build a risk matrix, identify the risk sources of tunnel shield construction through the study of the matrix, and then determined the weight of each risk factor of the tunnel through the Analytic Hierarchy Process, obtained the impact degree of each risk factor on the progress of tunnel shield construction, and formulated corresponding risk control measures according to the impact degree, so as to provide effective management methods for tunnel shield construction. It made the safety management of tunnel shield construction from post remediation to pre prevention, reduced the probability of risk occurrence, and improved the level of safety management of tunnel shield construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carbon ecological compensation is an effective means to coordinate regional ecological protection, promote economic development and achieve carbon neutrality. In order to build a diversified ecological compensation mechanism, promote the low-carbon transformation of the basin and achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the Yellow River Basin, this paper took 9 provinces （regions） along the Yellow River as the research area, combined carbon neutrality targets with ecological compensation mechanisms and constructed a theoretical framework model of carbon ecological compensation. Based on carbon emissions and carbon sinks, the subject and object of carbon compensation were determined and supplementary example was used to explore the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of carbon ecological compensation in the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017. The results show that the regional heterogeneity of carbon compensation credits in the 9 provinces （regions） along the Yellow River, affected by the level of economic and social development, resources endowments, carbon resources use efficiency, willingness to pay and ability is relatively larger in terms of the temporal and spatial pattern. Except for Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu and Inner Mongolia in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River contribute more to carbon emission reduction and sequestration and they are carbon compensated areas. The middle and lower reaches of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong are carbon payment areas. The carbon deficit of Shanxi and Shandong is significantly higher than that of other provinces and the improvement of the ecological environment has a certain degree of lag. It is urgent to transform the economic development model to improve the matching degree of regional carbon emissions and resources endowment characteristics. Based on the results, policy recommendations for the construction of low-carbon transition and diversified ecological compensation mechanism in the Yellow River Basin are condensed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)