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Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purification process and antioxidant activity of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll. were studied. Through a single factor test combined with a response surface test, ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction was used to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll.. Through static and dynamic experiments, the effects of resin type, crude extract concentration, eluent, and elution flow rate on the adsorption and desorption performance of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll. were investigated, and the best purification conditions were determined. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll. before and after purification was compared by DPPH free radical and ABTS free radical methods. The results showed that the optimum extraction parameters were ethanol concentration 79%, extraction temperature of 61 °C, extraction time of 2 h, the ratio of liquid to material 20 mL/g, and the extraction rate reached 0.29%. AB-8 macroporous resin had the best effect on the purification of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll.. The best condition was that 40 g/L crude extract was put on the column and 70% ethanol was eluted at 2.0 g/L. Under this condition, the purity of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll. was increased to 5.31%, which was 11.8 times of the concentration of crude extract. The scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS radicals after purification were 82.44% and 86.22%, which were much higher than those before purification. The study indicates that AB-8 macroporous resin was suitable for separation and purification of flavonoids from P. kingianum Coll. and the flavonoids have antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of pine needles on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro by gas production technique in vitro. Pine needles and corn silage were employed as fermentation substrates, the proportions of pine needles in the fermentation substrates (dry matter basis) were 0 (control group), 5% (group I), 10% (group II) and 15% (group IE). Rumen fermentation parameters were determined after being fermented for 48 h. The results showed that the pH value of the fermentation fluid showed no significant differences among all groups (P>0.05). The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and microbial protein in the group IE was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). The concentration of total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid and propionic acid in the group IE was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). The ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid ranged from 2.38~2.49. Gas production in the group IE was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The dry matter degradation rate of the group El was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). The study indicates that the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids, gas production and dry matter degradation rate in the fermentation fluid are significantly reduced when pine needles is 15% of the fermentation substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)