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The current study aims to quantify HPLC-DAD polyphenolics in the crude extracts of Desmodium elegans, evaluating its cholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant, molecular docking and protective effects against scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. A total of 16 compounds were identified which include gallic acid (239 mg g -1 ), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (11.2 mg g -1 ), coumaric acid (10.0 mg g -1 ), chlorogenic acid (10.88 mg g -1 ), caffeic acid (13.9 mg g -1 ), p-coumaroylhexose (41.2 mg g -1 ), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (22.4 mg g -1 ), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6.16 mg g -1 ), (+)-catechin (71.34 mg g -1 ), (-)-catechin (211.79 mg g -1 ), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (17.9 mg g -1 ), kaempferol-7-O-glucuronide (13.2 mg g -1 ), kaempferol-7-O-rutinoside (53.67 mg g -1 ), quercetin-3-rutinoside (12.4 mg g -1 ), isorhamnetin-7-O-glucuronide (17.6 mg g -1 ) and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (15.0 mg g -1 ). In a DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the chloroform fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC 50 value of 31.43 µg mL -1 . In an AChE inhibitory assay, the methanolic and chloroform fractions showed high inhibitory activities causing 89% and 86.5% inhibitions with IC 50 values of 62.34 and 47.32 µg mL -1 respectively. In a BChE inhibition assay, the chloroform fraction exhibited 84.36% inhibition with IC 50 values of 45.98 µg mL -1 . Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed that quercetin-3-rutinoside and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide fit perfectly in the active sites of AChE and BChE respectively. Overall, the polyphenols identified exhibited good efficacy, which is likely as a result of the compounds' electron-donating hydroxyl groups (-OH) and electron cloud density. The administration of methanolic extract improved cognitive performance and demonstrated anxiolytic behavior among tested animals., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Genus Quercus is a well-known source for its polyphenolic content and important biological activity. Plants belonging to the Quercus genus were traditionally used in asthma, inflammatory diseases, wound healing, acute diarrhea, and hemorrhoid. Our work intended to study the polyphenolic profile of the Q. coccinea (QC) leaves and to assess the protective activity of its 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Together, the potential molecular mechanism was investigated. Nineteen polyphenolic compounds (1-18), including tannins, flavone, and flavonol glycosides. Phenolic acids and aglycones were purified and identified from the AME of QC leaves. Treatment with AME of QC showed an anti-inflammatory effect evidenced by a remarkable decline in the count of white blood cells and neutrophils which was in harmony with decreasing the levels of high mobility group box-1, nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 1 beta. In addition, the antioxidant activity of QC was documented through the significant reduction in malondialdehyde level and elevation of reduced glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, the mechanism involved in the pulmonary protective effect of QC involved the downregulation of the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. The AME of QC showed a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI through the powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities which are linked to its abundancy with polyphenols., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

About 12% of world population is affected by different forms of urolithiasis of which the recurrence rate in female is 47-60% and in male is 70-80%. Standard therapeutic agents (allopurinol, citrate, cystone and thiazide diuretics) are used to prevent and treat urolithiasis but these are not universally-effective due to common kidney stone relapse and other side effects. Surgical treatment causes long-term renal damage, hypertension and stone recurrence. Polyphenols, the plant-derived bioactive molecules, have showed protection against cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases, among a number of other ailments. The role of these phytochemicals in urolithiasis management is emerging. Hence, the present review discusses peer-reviewed published literature till date on this aspect and highlights that polyphenols could effectively inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate urinary stones (most common renal stone), correlating with their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Further, we have proposed the prospects and challenges in developing the plant polyphenols into drugs against kidney stone prevention. This review might be a stepping stone for further investigation into the clinical implications of the polyphenols in urolithiasis remediation., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)