Search

Aim: To describe the historical evolution of Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) in the international arena, and to describe the characteristics and competencies of this nursing role, with the ultimate aim of encouraging reflection on the implementation of this model of nursing in the Spanish context., Methods: A literature review in the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and CUIDEN was conducted. In addition, several websites were reviewed., Results: At the international level, there is evidence on the impact of the APN in the healthcare system, reducing the number and length of hospital stays and showing greater user satisfaction. Regarding the national context, it is clear the interest on this issue, although the implementation of this advanced practice role is a pending matter., Conclusions: In Spain, the implementation of the APN is a challenge due to the legislative, educational, organizational and political factors that are involved in the official introduction of this new nursing model.

The comprehensive geriatric assessment (VGI) is a diagnostic process dynamic, structured, multidimensional and interdisciplinary to detect problems and needs of older people to develop an intervention strategy, although scientific evidence should not apply to all groups elderly. The VGI is developed by an interdisciplinary team, which plays a key role nursing. The framework nurse and nursing conceptual models, especially the 11 functional health patterns, enable the multidimensional assessment and subsequent intervention. The VGI covers four areas, clinic, mental, social and functional, although its axis, its importance and globalization concept is functional assessment. For this we have the history, physical examination and a series of specific instruments, geriatric assessment scales. They are a complement to, not only the VGI axis.

Pain leads to unpleasant sensory or emotional experience for any individual. In the elderly, given their biopsychosocial characteristics, the pain requires a specific approach, different from other age groups: this is the objective of this article, which dealt with the different types of pain, the assessment and treatment of the same.

The current avatars situate education schools and colleges in training students for competitions so that they be able to: perform successfully in the labor market, develop in a globalized world and deliver "human sense" services these can offer. The pillars of education [1] or the four ways to acquire significant knowledge for life are the basic premises on which is built the new educational dynamics in the context of globalization and global village, prepare students for internationalizaition is now imperative. In a globalized world in which we now live, acquire an ecological awareness, sense of solidarity, responsibility, social justice, peace, harmony, democracy, equity and learn to know, are actions that are thought together and as indispensable for complex life on the planet. The socio-cultural, economic, technological and political demand new ways of understanding the world and require fundamental changes in lifestyles for sustainable development.

Objectives: To determine chronic disease diagnosed at the population and their influence on the use of drugs among noninstitutionalized elderly., Method: A cross sectional study using a standardized questionnaire to people over 65 do not institutionalized., Results: The elderly population suffers an average of 1.91 chronic illnesses. The 38.65% had no disease, 40.40% have any, have 12.72% 7.98% two one suffers three or more. Drug use varies by age (higher in older age) and sex (higher in women). The average number of medications taken per day is 2.58 and the most consumed are hypotensive (56.6%), drugs for headache, leg or foot (37.7%), tranquilizers, soothing (36%) diabetes (25.7%), cholesterol (22.9%), and cardiovascular diseases (20.7%)., Conclusions: There is a positive relationship between drugs consumed and chronic diseases that have the elderly.

This paper deals with the use of commercial cinema in teaching aimed at students and nursing professionals and related professions. It consists of two parts: the first deals with the use of cinema in the health sciences with emphasis on the training of specialists in pediatrics. We present Pompe disease that is the subject of the film Extraordinary Measures (T. Vaughan, 2010). The second sets out a number of guidelines that can guide in the preparation and conduct of a class or session with the film above. These guidelines provide guidance for other films on de health issues. The specific objective of this first part is to present the commercial cinema as a useful resource to train students in values, attitudes and social skills, using the theme and content of the films viewed. It also shows how to incorporate film as educational methodology in the curriculum project.

Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between professional experience in palliative care, and the assistance area in which that palliative care occurs, and the degree of anxiety before the death in professional nursing. We also explored the relationships between demographic and work variables with death anxiety, replicating existing studies., Method: Is a quantitative and descriptive and comparative study in 2009 in La Xarxa Sanitaria Santa Tecla in Tarragona. The study's sample population was nurses of different levels of assistance (n=105) who answered the selected means for the collection of socio-demographic variables and the measurement of the degree of death anxiety (Spanish version of CL-FODS)., Results: We found significant statistic difference on the points of scale anxiety in the presence of the death with the nurses belonging to several assistance areas. The care frequency to moribund people is shown definitely of fear levels to the proper death as well as the assiduity in which professionals talk about death in private surroundings., Conclusions: The assistance area as scene of care moments to moribund people which theses professionals share, and the frequency of the fulfilment of theses cares constitute definite elements to their fear or anxiety to the death.

Objective: To analyze and consider scientific documents which develop the impact of Continuous Training in health sciences., Design: Literature review, Study Selection: 18 articles are included, organised in two categories: a) the theory and application of Continuous Training to healthcare professionals, b) the impact of Continued Training in healthcare organisations., Results: All of the authors position themselves clearly in favour of CT in healthcare organisations in all professional categories (whether healthcare or not), as a strategic instrument of change and growth. The importance of assessing the impact that both professionals and institutions have on the end-product (i.e. the health of people) is emphasised. Despite the difficulties involved, to establish their impact is of vital importance in order to verify their benefits and effectiveness., Conclusions: Regular assessment is essential for introducing changes in training programmes so that they are adapted to the requirements of healthcare organisations and the needs of their professionals.

This article critically examines the biomedical model and how it has influenced the social construction of the meaning of the menopause. This model has been criticized as reductionist since it understands people as entities made of several parts that can be studied separately. Contrarily for nursing, people are formed by several parts in direct relation with the environment and themselves. Therefore, it is not posible to understand people's reality without considering social factors. The menopause has been described in various biomedical texts as a phenomenon similar to a disease, with severe symptoms and negative connotations. However the experiences and meanings that women ascribe to this stage of their life are varied and not always negative. In order to offer appropriate care, it is important for nursing to think about the role of social interaction in constructing the meaning individuals attribute to phenomena.

The goal of the present study is to describe the methodology followed in the implementation of the mentoring research projects developed by the three residents of mental health during the 2009-10 academic years and present the results obtained and recognition. We designed eight targeted monthly tutorials and educational material complementing the methodological support. The development of the project followed an established pattern that allowed progressively advancing in the various phases. When completed the projects, the most relevant were selected for presentation at the XI National Meeting of Residents of Mental Health Nursing, and planned a public presentation of all projects. The main findings from the evaluation work were made for every resident of the experience and the quality of the tutorials. In his narrative are the positive enrichment achieved during the year of residency from the perspective of learning as well as relationship with mentors. In the individual assessment reflect relevant aspects of the authorization process as closeness, trust, resolving doubts, guidelines for intervention. The project presented at the national meeting took second award.

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who receive no education cannot make informed decisions to maintain acceptable metabolic control, increasing the likelihood of complications [1]. Education and prevention of diabetes mellitus (DM) are the central theme of World Diabetes Day during the period 2009/2073. The key messages of this campaign advocating: 1) Know the risks of DM and its warning signs, 2) Know what to do and who to call and 3) Learn how to manage and control. Education is the primary theme of this campaign promoted by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) [1].

Clinical safety is one of the greatest challenges currently facing healthcare organizations. Is a key element in the quality of care processes, care processes among which noted, by its impact, the medication management and administration. All health professionals need, in developing their professional competence, strategies to improve safety in medication management and to incorporate the prevention of errors and adverse events in their training programs and assistance: only from proper planning will be approached for excellence in clinical care and safety.

The application of cold therapy is called thermotherapy Can distinguish two major forms: local and general. At the local level is widely used in the field of physical rehabilitation, rheumatology and various surgical specialties. However the evidence on issues relating to its potential benefits, physiological reason underlying its action, or application form is not sufficiently supported. Regarding the application of cold techniques, higher expectations are focused on hypothermia induced or therapeutic, for its significant neuroprotective effects after ischemia secondary to cardiac arrest. Interest in hypothermia begins in the third decade of the twentieth century the first scientific report on induced hypothermia was published in 1945 and described its application in patients with TBI. In the following decades appeared critical research on their application, but also great shadows of its benefits. The development of protocols and the great advances in the care provided in ICUs, have increased the capacity to prevent and control the side effects of the application of this therapy Based on the literature review, describing the main uses of therapeutic hypothermia, the major indications of these techniques and the evidence of its benefits and complications arising from their use.

Burns are now a major health problem with implications both for patients who suffer them, as for nurses who care for them. Burns can affect seriously the health of patients, can alter your entire body and cause the death. For nurses represent the care of a patient with a complex situation, where valuation is not easy and you need a comprehensive care, which requires an immediate response to prevent damage aesthetic, functional and psychological, and sometimes even death. It is intended to emphasize the importance of making a comprehensive assessment, rapid and comprehensive of those who suffer this type of injury to act immediately on those complications that can cause death.

The presence of children with chronic diseases to school can be a concern for teachers, pupils and parents. Was conducted this study using auto reply survey in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (CAM). The questionnaire was sent to 1161 teachers. Seventy three recognize have a student with chronic diseases in their classrooms and 56% believe their presence will generate some degree of doubt or insecurity about the possibility of occurrence of acute complications. The main reason for it was the absence of explicit instructions on handling certain situations. They find some conditions can induce school absenteeism, difficulties for physical activity and excursions attendance. They agree that school is a good place for health education and expressed readiness to learn to improve their knowledge and skills in this regard.

Objective: This study was conducted with the objective to assess, in real clinical conditions in primary care and geriatric centers, application and utility of nanocrystalline silver dressings dressings combined with hydrocellular in relation to the development during 20 shifts dressing or complete healing of the characteristics of the lesions included in the study, Material and Methods: Prospective observational multicenter open, repeated measures. It could include injuries of different etiologies (pressure ulcers stage 11-111, lower limb and traumatic wounds or surgical origin), with clinical signs of local infection (at least three of the following: redness, purulent discharge, heat, edema and pain). Only one wound was included per patient. An analysis of effectiveness by intention to treat all lesions included., Results: We recruited 103 patients who met the inclusion criteria but were collected in which 77 patients were used for nanocrystalline silver dressings in some phase of the study, They had a median of 80 years of age and 58.4% were women. By type of injury: 53.2% pressure ulcers, 31.2% lower extremity ulcers and 14.3% traumatic or surgical wounds. Over 50% of the lesions was older than eight months and a larger area of 22.75 cm2. At first, 70.1% had redness, purulent discharge 64.9%, 37.7% heat edema 42.9% and 65.8% pain. Remained in the study a median of 42.5 days at a rate of change of dressing every 2.5. During this time in 96.1% of the lesions were removed for clinical signs of local infection in a statistically significant (p < or = 0.001). 27.3% healed from injuries and those not healed, 92.9% experienced improvement, and its healing curves were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 92.2% of clinicians assessed treatment with these products as good or excellent., Conclusion: The use of the products used in this study consistent with the concept and PLH TIME, has proved useful in this type of injury reducing the clinical signs of infection, promoting granulation tissue and necrotic removing the burden being able to manage the exudate of an optimal healing and getting one out of three masses.

Diabetes Mellitus during infancy childhood or adolescence does not differ from adult diabetes mellitus in terms of basic principles nor therapeutic treatment methods but the characteristics patients have during those ages signify that diabetes has a special repercussion and becomes harder to treat in patients during those ages.

This article has been written to pay homage to Florence Nightingale as a pioneer and beacon for scientific curiosity which should serve as the nursing professional's guide for fine praxis. For this purpose, the author studied the evidence regarding Ms Nightingale's supposed theories; these have been arranged into four large groups in order to make those findings which support her theories easier to understand.

The authors describe the profile corresponding to students enrolled in first, second and third year courses to become registered nurses in Catalonia, along with their professional and job expectations; the authors examine students' perceptions of the university environment. This information will be a great aid to, on the one hand, update the performances and initiatives taken by those responsible for nursing schools, and on the other hand, to obtain a preliminary view on future nursing professionals. At the same time, this information will provide useful elements for students themselves to reflect on their studies and their future as professionals.

Author personal reflection on the importance of association in the nurse profession as one of the most important tools of development; also that notices the necessity to use mass media like bridge of connection with the society.

After reviewing and analyzing different definitions of what health is, the authors designed a transversal descriptive study whose objective was to discover the meaning of health in 13 different community collectives and to identify the socio-cultural factors which determine health. Study subjects were asked to define health with key words. These key words were grouped by category and the authors analyzed the ten most repeated words each collective in this study named. The authors studied 1167 subjects and obtained 3624 words which were grouped into ten categories. Study results show that health professionals and students have a learned and distinct concept of health, linked to an differentiated educational, professional focus while the remaining health groups relate to key words connected to the degree of satisfaction for their prioritized necessities which vary according to the age, sex and circumstances each person has.

The authors research the opinions of first year nursing students about why the nursing profession does not receive the same degree of consideration which similar academic professionals receive. At the same time, the authors studied to see if this lower professional consideration is due to the predominant presence of females in the nursing profession. To collect data, the authors ran a transversal, descriptive, qualitative study by means of nominal group and discussion group techniques. Among the main results, the authors highlight that Nursing is considered a socially unknown profession and receives little acknowledgment inside the new health care model; furthermore, the fact that the majority of nurses are female does bear an influence on the vision of the nursing field and this female predominance harms competitiveness in the profession since nurses must conciliate their family lives with their professional lives.

The authors evaluate the physical, psychological, family relations effects and socio-economic repercussions that the care of a patient suffering Alzheimer has on his/her relatives by means of a descriptive study based on interviews with the main caretaker and self-administered questionnaires filled in by the rest of the patient's family. The main caretaker profile is a woman who is the spouse of patient and has an average age of 64.5 years. 14.7% receive some payment for the care of the patient. The main caretaker's self-perception of her state of health is worse than that of other family members; furthermore, she has a greater sensation of being overloaded. Anxiety and depression are also present. Social and working relationships are considered to be sufficiently or very affected by 21.8% and 21.4% of the caretakers respectively. 30.3% believe their intrafamily relationships are negatively affected.

This study is based on an analysis of the Semyu 112 nursing files which detected an elevated number of patients suffering pain while moved by our services; 16% of the cases registered this situation. Even though this percentage may seem low, it should be considered a high percentage if one bears in mind the therapeutic arsenal at our disposal and the advanced training we have received, as well as the suffering a patient experiences and the consequences this pain could have for vital functions. A large number of patients moved who suffered pain went untreated, and many others did not receive any analgesics but rather sedatives (neuro-surgical evaluations) blood vessel dilators, or other similar pharmaceuticals. Only 39.71% of patients who suffered pain were treated with analgesics which should make us reflect and look for improvements for this situation.

The authors describe the diseases which are detectable by means of neonatal screening programs available in the different Spanish Autonomous Communities. They analyze some of the ethical and social implications which may occur and they emphasize what those programs mean for nursing professionals, fundamentally midwives and nurses who work in primary health care units or pediatric units.

The authors identify possible psychological mistreatment and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a sample of women who were attended to in the "Sant Josep" Primary Health Care Center in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat in Barcelona Province between February and June 2005 by means of an observational, descriptive and transversal study with a consecutive study of women older than 18 who were attended to by nurses for whatever health problem they had or who filed administrative paperwork. Data was obtained through the use of a self-administering questionnaire on which these items were recorded: social-health variables, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and questions elaborated ad hoc in order to identify mistreatment. More than half of the study participants complied with the criteria used to indicate symptoms of anxiety and depression, which recommended a follow-up session. The authors observed an association between depression and mistreatment. Part of the results of this study were presented in The 1st World Congress on Gender-Specific Medicine in February 2006 in Berlin. Financial Sources: The School of Nursing at the University of Barcelona (PREU12004/10) and the Catalan Institute for Women (U-39/05).

Care for dependent persons falls, fundamentally, on their family members who usually perceive this situation as a problem due to its repercussions on the family group in general and on the health and quality of life for the informal caretaker in particular. The burden which an informal caretaker assumes depends on diverse variables among which the most important are considered to be social assistance and the forms of help which the caretaker has to rely on. At the same time, the resources and help available are determined by the vision which the formal system has for informal caretakers; therefore, it is important that nurses, as caretakers in the formal system, have a clear idea about the situations that are created and that nurses reflect on the alternatives which allow a dependent person to be cared for without forgetting the needs and rights of the caretakers.

Intestinal nutrition can be administered orally or by means of a catheter; the latter method is the focus of this article. The authors' objective is to provide up-to-date information in a succinct manner about the enteral feeding technique. The authors hope health professionals know the advantages as well as the inconveniences of the latest intestinal nutrition advances regarding access ways and the means to administer these. Intestinal nutrition formulas will not be dealt with in this article. However, a health professional should know that there is a wide variety of diets available depending on the complexity of macronutrients included in a diet, the quantity of proteins in a mixture, and that these are designed, in addition to feeding, to treat the specific pathological process a patient suffers from, such as diabetes of cancer.

Due to the fact that complications from infections are more frequent and serious related to intravenous therapy it is necessary to implement multidisciplinary measures which reduce their incidence. The recommendations made by the CDC help to guarantee the quality of the services which nursing professionals provides to patients when applying this procedure.

Since the introduction of the modern techniques for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the 1960s, professionals have discussed the need to standardize its application and teaching both among health care professionals and the general public. The "ILCOR", Committee to Coordinate Resuscitation Techniques, in an effort to simplify resuscitation techniques, set out some recommendations in August 2000 which were adopted by the leading organizations such as AHA and ERC, in charge of diffusing Vital Suport techniques. In these, different levels of attention have been incorporated depending on the qualifications which the person has who is provide this treatment. The most important changes are the necessity to put Emergency Medical Services into action rapidly; the techniques to follow if there are one or two persons apply resuscitation techniques; for artificial resuscition emergency care, new volumes depending on the use or non-use of oxygen; the acceptance of devices to open up alternate air passageways; recommendations whether or not it is pertinent to check on a patient's pulse depending on the qualifications of the person attending that patient; heart message techniques exterpulmonary resuscition woth only thorax compression and automatic external defibrillation.

This is a magnificent article by one of the most qualified nursing authors in our country. In order to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the incorporation of Nursing in Spanish universities, this author reviews the role the magazine ROL has played in this field, the milestones which have brought about changes in our health system, the current situation of university degrees in Nursing, and the our integration into the European studies system. This author finishes with a hopeful and combative vision of the future which awaits us.

The authors describe an educational software program to use to administer medicines. They describe how a computer can help become an educational resource in nursing and the phases used to develop and evaluate this program. This program has five modules: 1. General instruction, 2. Avoiding errors, 3. Procedures, materials and supervision, 4. Possible complications, 5. Professional orientation; in addition, there is a summary module. This system has a total of 27 study units, 7 knowledge tests, 17 videos, and 34 photos. 24 students in undergraduate nursing were the study group on which this program was evaluated. Results were positive and some suggestions to improve this program were obtained. The authors concluded that this study is an improvement in teaching since this proposes a technological innovation which has possibilities for future development and due to its application of the latest technology for the nursing profession.