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Start Over Descriptor "Receptors, Virus drug effects" Publisher eden press
5 results on '"Receptors, Virus drug effects"'

1. Nasal lavage containing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 agonist can prevent and reduce viral load in COVID-19.

Author

Vofo G, Brodie R, and Gross M

Subjects
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists administration & dosage, Anosmia diagnosis, Anosmia etiology, Antiviral Agents administration & dosage, COVID-19 metabolism, COVID-19 virology, Humans, Models, Biological, Nasal Lavage, Nasal Mucosa drug effects, Nasal Mucosa metabolism, Nasal Mucosa virology, Pandemics, Receptors, Virus drug effects, Receptors, Virus metabolism, SARS-CoV-2 drug effects, Viral Load, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 drug effects, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 metabolism, COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Abstract

COVID-19 has been the talk of the year 2020, taking many lives and leaving others in critical conditions. It has clearly and severally been reported that the SARSCoV-2 uses the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 receptors to penetrate and infect cells. Reports have also stated that the nasal and olfactory mucosa are overloaded with these receptors. We emphasize that anosmia in COVID-19 is secondary to the binding of the SARSCoV-2 to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 receptors on the olfactory mucosa. A hypotheses pertaining to the presentation, diagnosis, management and possible prevention of SARS-CoV-2 is proposed. Given the high false negative rates of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, we suggest that COVID-19 negative patients with anosmia without any other nasal symptom should raise a high index of suspicion and should be further evaluated. We propose the formulation and use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 receptors agonist or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) as nasal lavage, to reduce the viral load of confirmed positive patients, and as a mode of prevention, especially in high risk patients, until a vaccine is developed. These medications are readily available and testing this theory involves determination of the correct dosage of angiotensin receptor blockers or ACE inhibitors (via dilution in water) that can be used as nasal lavage and performing efficacy trials. Potential side effects to be monitored for include low blood pressure or changes in heart rate. Administration of a medicated nasal lavage may be easier and rapidly disseminated on the nasal mucosa., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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2. Is hesperidin essential for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 Infection?

Author

Haggag YA, El-Ashmawy NE, and Okasha KM

Subjects
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 drug effects, Anticoagulants administration & dosage, Anticoagulants therapeutic use, COVID-19 complications, COVID-19 epidemiology, Cytokine Release Syndrome drug therapy, Cytokine Release Syndrome prevention & control, Diosmin administration & dosage, Diosmin therapeutic use, Drug Therapy, Combination, Heparin administration & dosage, Heparin therapeutic use, Hesperidin administration & dosage, Hesperidin pharmacology, Humans, MAP Kinase Signaling System drug effects, Receptors, Virus drug effects, Venous Thromboembolism etiology, Venous Thromboembolism prevention & control, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, COVID-19 prevention & control, Hesperidin therapeutic use, Pandemics prevention & control, Phytotherapy, SARS-CoV-2 drug effects, Virus Internalization drug effects, COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 is representing the major global burden that implicated more than 4.7 million infected cases and 310 thousand deaths worldwide in less than 6 months. The prevalence of this pandemic disease is expected to rise every day. The challenge is to control its rapid spread meanwhile looking for a specific treatment to improve patient outcomes. Hesperidin is a classical herbal medicine used worldwide for a long time with an excellent safety profile. Hesperidin is a well-known herbal medication used as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Available shreds of evidence support the promising use of hesperidin in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID 19. Herein, we discuss the possible prophylactic and treatment mechanisms of hesperidin based on previous and recent findings. Hesperidin can block coronavirus from entering host cells through ACE2 receptors which can prevent the infection. Anti-viral activity of hesperidin might constitute a treatment option for COVID-19 through improving host cellular immunity against infection and its good anti-inflammatory activity may help in controlling cytokine storm. Hesperidin mixture with diosmin co-administrated with heparin protect against venous thromboembolism which may prevent disease progression. Based on that, hesperidin might be used as a meaningful prophylactic agent and a promising adjuvant treatment option against SARS-CoV-2 infection., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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3. The war against the SARS-CoV2 infection: Is it better to fight or mitigate it?

Author

Dal Moro F, Vendramin I, and Livi U

Subjects
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Animals, Betacoronavirus drug effects, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections complications, Cytokine Release Syndrome etiology, Cytokine Release Syndrome physiopathology, Estrogens physiology, Humans, Hypertension complications, Hypertension physiopathology, Inflammation, Interleukins physiology, Models, Animal, Models, Biological, Nitric Oxide therapeutic use, Obesity complications, Obesity physiopathology, Off-Label Use, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A drug effects, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A physiology, Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors pharmacology, Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors therapeutic use, Pneumonia, Viral complications, Receptors, Virus drug effects, Receptors, Virus physiology, SARS-CoV-2, Sildenafil Citrate pharmacology, Sildenafil Citrate therapeutic use, Tadalafil pharmacology, Tadalafil therapeutic use, Betacoronavirus physiology, Coronavirus Infections drug therapy, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral drug therapy
Abstract

In trying to understand the biochemical mechanism involved in the recent pandemic COVID-19, there is currently growing interest in angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2). Nevertheless, the attempts to counteract COVID-19 interference with this enzymatic cascade are frustrating, and the results have thus far been inconclusive. Let's start again by considering the involved factors in an alternative way: we could postulate that COVID-19 could be more aggressive/fatal due to a high level of "basal" inflammation with low Nitric Oxide (NO) levels in hypertensive, diabetic and obese patients. Interestingly, the "protective" effects of several factors (such as estrogens) may play a role by increasing the formation of endogenous NO. From a therapeutic point of view, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors such as oral Tadalafil, could be used in order to increase the basal NO levels. In this way, we don't fight the virus, but we may be able to mitigate its effects., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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4. Spironolactone may provide protection from SARS-CoV-2: Targeting androgens, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

Author

Cadegiani FA, Goren A, and Wambier CG

Subjects
Androgen Antagonists pharmacology, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use, COVID-19, Cardiotonic Agents pharmacology, Cardiotonic Agents therapeutic use, Coronavirus Infections complications, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections physiopathology, Enzyme Induction drug effects, Humans, Hypertension complications, Hypertension drug therapy, Hypertension physiopathology, Kidney drug effects, Male, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists pharmacology, Obesity complications, Obesity physiopathology, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A biosynthesis, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A drug effects, Pneumonia, Viral complications, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral physiopathology, Prognosis, Receptors, Virus drug effects, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2, Serine Endopeptidases drug effects, Sex Distribution, Spironolactone pharmacology, Virus Internalization drug effects, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Androgen Antagonists therapeutic use, Androgens physiology, Betacoronavirus physiology, Coronavirus Infections drug therapy, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists therapeutic use, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral drug therapy, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects, Spironolactone therapeutic use
Abstract

In coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), four major factors have been correlated with worse prognosis: aging, hypertension, obesity, and exposure to androgen hormones. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) action are critical for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell entry and infectivity. ACE2 expression and RAAS are abnormal in hypertension and obesity, while TMPRSS2 is overexpressed when exposed to androgens, which may justify why these factors are overrepresented in COVID-19. Among therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2, we hypothesized that spironolactone, a long used and safe mineralocorticoid and androgen receptors antagonist, with effective anti-hypertensive, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and anti-androgenic properties may offer pleiotropic actions in different sites to protect from COVID-19. Current data shows that spironolactone may concurrently mitigate abnormal ACE2 expression, correct the balances membrane-attached and free circulating ACE2 and between angiotensin II and Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), suppress androgen-mediated TMPRSS2 activity, and inhibit obesity-related RAAS dysfunctions, with consequent decrease of viral priming. Hence, spironolactone may provide protection from SARS-CoV-2, and has sufficient plausibility to be clinically tested, particularly in the early stages of COVID-19., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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5. Purposing Saikosaponins for the treatment of COVID-19.

Author

Bahbah EI, Negida A, and Nabet MS

Subjects
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections complications, Cytokine Release Syndrome drug therapy, Cytokine Release Syndrome etiology, Humans, Immunologic Factors pharmacology, Lymphocyte Activation drug effects, Molecular Docking Simulation, Oleanolic Acid pharmacology, Oleanolic Acid therapeutic use, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A drug effects, Pneumonia, Viral complications, Receptors, Virus drug effects, SARS-CoV-2, Saponins pharmacology, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Betacoronavirus drug effects, Coronavirus Infections drug therapy, Drug Repositioning, Immunologic Factors therapeutic use, Oleanolic Acid analogs & derivatives, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral drug therapy, Saponins therapeutic use
Published
2020
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