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Due to its excellent potential, wind power has gained importance as a renewable energy source in Colombia, especially in the offshore Caribbean region. However, one of the main challenges in the development of offshore wind projects is the analysis of the wind resource. This study presents the generation of a specific typical meteorological year (TMY) for wind energy in the Colombian Caribbean region, known in the literature as Reference Wind Year (RWY). The methodology used was based on the Sandia method, widely accepted in the analysis of wind resources. A comparison between the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the statistic approach Finkelstein-Schafer (FS) was applied to evaluate multiple meteorological parameters in the study area associated with wind resource potential assessment, such as wind speed and direction, temperature and atmospheric pressure, compiled for 10 years (2012-2021). The representative years were weighted according to their importance and combined into a dataset. The results indicated that the proposed method was able to generate highly representative and accurate data for the case study in La Guajira, Colombia, guaranteeing its suitability for implementation in other locations with different climatic conditions.

The objective of this work was to develop a bibliometric analysis of academic production related to sustainable projects based on clean, green and renewable alternative energies and their interaction with the health sector and health management on a global scale. To do this, a documentary research process based on bibliometric tools was proposed. The research is limited to the period between 2003 and 2023, executing the following search equation: (TITLE-ABS-KEY ("clean energy" ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "alternative energy" ) OR TITLE-ABS -KEY ("solar energy" ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "green energy" ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "renewable energy" ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "health sector" ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "healthcare sector" ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "public health service" ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "health management" ) ). The years with the highest production were 2020 (21), 2021 (23), 2022 (30) and 2023 (34), while the countries that have contributed the most to the topic are China (111), the USA (97) and the United Kingdom (71), which together contributed 57.76% of all publications. Of 145 sources found that published on the topic, the 18 main sources concentrate 48% of the publications. The three most cited articles were EMADIAN SM, 2017, WASTE MANAGE, WATTS N, 2018, LANCET and FULLER R, 2022, LANCET PLANET HEALTH, with a total of 1567 citations. Among the most relevant institutions in relation to the topic of study, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON stands out above all with 19 publications, followed by TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY (9) and WUHAN UNIVERSITY (8); between the three institutions they account for 20.57% of the publications found. This analysis provided critical insights for academics and professionals and underscored the relevance and dynamism of this research area in addressing clean energies and sustainable projects related with health management and health sector worldwide.

The study focuses on integrating non-conventional renewable energy sources into Colombia's power system. The regulatory framework allows small prosumers to trade energy surpluses with grid operators. The research analyzes the financial feasibility of implementing photovoltaic systems for residential users. Technical aspects governing energy production and implementation costs are examined. Colombian residential users, divided into six socioeconomic strata, undergo individual analysis based on their energy rates and consumption patterns. The study area is Bucaramanga, known for intermediate solar potential. Precise cost estimates for implementing photovoltaic systems that meet user energy requirements are provided. Financial viability indicators (NPV, IRR, Payback Time) are evaluated for three scenarios: existing energy prices, 50% government financing, and a 10% tariff reduction due to government intervention. Results show financial viability for strata 4, 5, and 6, but not for strata 1, 2, and 3. Government intervention can make strata 2 and 3 feasible. Lowering the kWh price adversely impacts the project's financial feasibility for all strata, particularly the lower-income ones. The study is valuable for potential investors and policymakers seeking to promote photovoltaic systems in the residential sector. It provides insights into economic viability and helps develop effective policies for Colombia's sustainable energy transition.

Planning a wind power generation project is intricate, considering the number of variables to be careful in the acceptable zone selection for its siting. One of the difficulties of developing a wind farm is finding the most satisfactory location to build it; this can take years of feasibility studies. The main objective of this research is to use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize a group of criteria and sub-criteria as decision-making support for the selection of suitable areas in which implementing wind energy projects in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. The criteria to be applied in this study were selected based on the most recurrently employed criteria in other research papers and the experience of the authors. Thus, a hierarchical structure with 4 criteria (technical, environmental, social, and economic) and 14 subcriteria was implemented. All criteria were prioritized using the methodology proposed by AHP, for which 10 experts with experience in offshore wind projects were consulted, through a form designed with a matrix structure. The results allowed prioritizing a set of criteria necessary for offshore energy planning projects, in which the criteria of Protected Area (19.62%), Wind Speed (13.84%) and Military Areas (9.79%) were the most relevant.

The implementation of electrification programs in non-interconnected rural areas in Colombia is a challenge for the country in order to reduce the social gap in these regions. This task is responsibility of the Mining and Energy Planning Unit (UPME), which has as challenges the implementation of renewable energy projects that allow diversifying the national energy matrix. For this reason, this paper proposes a support framework for multicriteria decision-making in the electricity supply of non-interconnected rural areas for the Colombian Caribbean Region. The multicriteria method of the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (FAHP) was used, which allows the incorporation of a fuzzy triangular scale to improve the imprecision in the judgments made by experts. A hierarchical structure with 6 renewable energy alternatives, 4 criteria and 16 sub-criteria was designed, which allowed the implementation of a paired comparison survey that was answered by 10 experts from the region. The results obtained show the relevance of all alternatives, which is evidenced by a percentage difference of less than 5% between all the options. The best alternative was solar PV (20,27%). Regarding the criteria, the most relevant were economic (39,6%) and environmental (30,8%). The most relevant sub-criterion was the renewable fraction, related to the possible reuse of equipment (20,2%).