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A thorny debate persists as to the causes of the attacks that affected France since 2015. One view is that France is being attacked because of the secular and liberal values it embodies. According to a second thesis, France is attacked in response to its interventionist foreign policy. Our contribution proposes to respond to this debate via a behavioral, statistical and comparative analysis of attacks in the name of the Islamic State around the world from 2013 to 2019. Our analyses reveal that countries with liberal values (right to blasphemy, tradition of press caricature, and tolerance of homosexuality) are on average not subject to an increased number of attacks. Conversely, countries involved in air strikes in Iraq or Syria are significantly more affected. A temporal analysis confirms the causal effect of military strikes on attacks, and not the opposite effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 launched a high intensity war that represents one of the major conflicts of the post-cold war period. How can we explain a decision so fraught with consequences? What does this aggression say about Russia’s relationship to its former empire and about its ability to waive a neo-imperial model? What does it say about the tools Russia mobilizes to shape its international environment? The purpose of this article is to attempt to answer these questions by exploring Ukraine’s place in its relation to the world, and by questioning singularities of the Ukrainian issue. By mobilizing history and historiography, such exploration means replacing the Ukrainian question in Russia’s power project. It confirms the impact of perceptions and representations in international relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The election of the Harper government is generating a debate among scholars who study Canadian foreign policy. Given the conclusions they have reached to date, other case studies are necessary to contribute to this debate. This article seeks to answer the following question : is Canadian foreign policy formulated and implemented in accordance with the dominant idea or from a strategic neocontinentalist perspective ? A hypothesis regarding the emergence of a neocontinentalist vision will be tested by examining Canada s Iranian policy. Indeed, while it is seen as an important policy by the current government, it remains poorly documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since their origins, the international organizations have known an imbalance relating to the nationalities of the international civil servants. Whereas the principle of geographical distribution has been established from 1920 and is one of the founding principles of the international civil service, it has never been correctly implemented and still now the Western countries are over-represented in the international secretariats in unknown proportion. This article focuses on the policies of presence within the international organizations of the Western countries, which helps to explain the upholding of their domination which is not only numerical. Almost each tenth international civil servant is French. Therefore, the case of this country (which has become a model for other countries) has been studied the most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does President Obama's foreign policy rest upon a "grand strategy" or a "doctrine "? That question is examined here in the light of a critical discourse analysis applied to the current US foreign policy debates, especially the one nou- rished by university researchers and think tank-affiliated experts. We argue that there are at least three possible responses varying according to the definitions applied to the concepts of "grand strategy" and "doctrine" : the hegemonic one, the internationalist one and the neoisolationist one. Following the internationalist approach, we then seek to demonstrate the existence of a new grand strategy of "comprehensive engagement". This strategy seems to be based on three fundamental ideas that underpin Obama 's foreign policy : the idea of US " multipartner" leadership, the concept of "smart power" and the "necessary force" doctrine related to the notion of "just war". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]