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BACKGROUND: Fractures of the lower jaw accounts for up to 85% of the total number of fractures of the facial bones. Its damage leads to the formation of temporary and persistent functional disorders of the stomatognathic apparatus. Understanding the regularities of the processes of restoring the motor functions of the mandible and chewing apparatus is necessary for planning and improving rehabilitation programs in these patients. AIM: To examine the degree and rate of restoration of the amplitude of movements of the mandible in the long-term period of the rehabilitation stage of patients with mandibular fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 40 patients with unilateral and bilateral mandibular fractures, who made up two groups depending on the volume of treatment according to current clinical protocols: group 1 included 22 people who underwent double-jaw splinting during treatment, and group 2 included 18 people who, according to indications, also underwent osteosynthesis of the mandible with subsequent intermaxillary immobilization in the postoperative period. One year after the removal of splinting structures, all mobile patients underwent a clinical assessment of the range of motions of the lower jaw. RESULTS: Even 1 year after the successful treatment of patients in the acute period of trauma, despite the implementation of myogymnastics in the rehabilitation period, the range of motions of the lower jaw remains limited. In group 1, after 1 year of observations, the average values correspond to the lower limits of the norms according to literature data: opening, 4.35 cm; with protrusion, 0.78 cm; laterotrusion with unilateral fractures in the damaged side, 0.95 cm; intact, 0.91; bilateral, the damaged side 1 (right), 0.86 cm, damaged side 2 (left), 0.86 cm. In group 2, during the observation period, these indicators remained significantly lower, not reaching the limits of the norm in any case. Moreover, in both groups, their values were significantly lower than those of the healthy volunteers CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained on the patterns of restoration of the range of motion of the lower jaw after sustaining a fracture and prolonged immobilization in the long-term justify the need to develop and conduct mandatory early comprehensive rehabilitation measures. Their clinical effectiveness should be confirmed from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, which enables the comprehensive assessment of the function of the stomatognathic apparatus. This study established indicators that can be considered control criteria when performing relevant studies.

Acroosteolysis is a rare congenital disease of the musculoskeletal system, first described by Harnasch in 1950. The disease is hereditary. Sporadic cases of the disease are sometimes observed. Men are affected 2-3 times more often than women [1].

At present, there is an increase in the number and proportion of older persons. Accordingly, the requirements to ensure the necessary quality of life of this category of population are increasing. This applies, inter alia, to the issues of their rehabilitation after various diseases and injuries. Among the injuries of the bones of the facial skeleton, the most common type are fractures of the lower jaw. The purpose of this work is to analyze the prevalence, clinical features of mandibular fractures in patients of the older age group and the effectiveness of existing methods of their treatment, according to modern literature data. RSCI, PubMed, Medline databases for the period 1960 - 2019 were used to compile the review. Results. Data from 687 literary sources were used in the preparation of this review. Their analysis shows that older patients represent a stable and statistically significant group, in the General structure of victims with mandibular fractures, and having a number of clinical features, as a result of which conventional methods of treatment are often ineffective. The most common concepts of medical care for this category of patients are characterized. Conclusion. To date, there are no reliable randomized clinical trials based on sufficient statistically material that allows to substantiate the advantages of a particular method of treatment of older patients with mandibular fractures at the evidence level, which requires the continuation of the relevant multicenter clinical studies.

Research is devoted an experimental estimation of osteoinductive properties of demineralized bone implants (DBA) made on technology CITO with use of lyophilization and radiating sterilization by stream of fast electrons. As experimental animals, white rats on ectopic osteogenesis model for a period of 40 days and rabbits to which DBA implanted into defect of the jaw with terms of experiment 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days have been chosen. Results of morphological researches testified to absence of toxicity, presence of high indicators of biointegration and osteoinductance studied DBA. The offered technology of processing of a bone tissue allows to keep biological activity of tissues and to receive biological materials with the expressed plastic properties. Obtained among other data were the bases for the decision of use of these materials in clinic of different bone pathologies.