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The results of determination of the efficiency of liquid eubiotic preparations, such as Lactobacterin, Bifidumbacterin, Bificol, Colibacterin applied for the normalization of genital microflora in women after labor are presented in the article. The use of a combined eubiotic preparation containing both lactobacilli and bifidobacterii may be recommended.

Under discussion are the results of testing the sorption properties of new filtering materials like CARBOVER (Russian: КАРБОВЕР), which is plasma combination of carbon composite with exfoliated vermiculite surface, and plasma-stimulated carbon material (Russian: ПСУМ), derived from the nanotechnology suggested. The evaluation of sorption properties of the filtering materials has been done for main natural radionuclides of sanitary importance contained in fresh water (226Ra, 210Pb, 210Po, 238U). According to the data of predesigned experiments, the nanotechnology used has been proved effective. The nanotechnology enables plasma stimulation of carbon materials to create sorbents, which are composites with prescribed properties. The key point of the given technology is decomposition of hydrocarbons caused by low-temperature plasma. In the function of low-temperature plasma arc-vacuum discharge plasma is used, with the discharge burning in vapors of graphite cathode. The sorption processes of natural radionuclide 226Ra by these filtering materials are examined in most details. Plasma-stimulated carbon material (in pure form) demonstrates high sorption performance in case of natural radionuclide 226Ra in water. After filtration of distilled water with 226Ra dispersed in it, the specific radioactivity in water has become at least 100 times less. This equally refers to the natural radionuclides 224Ra and 228Ra, which are chemically identical to the 226Ra. The suggested composite filtering material CARBOVER, based on exfoliated vermiculite from the composition of plasma-stimulated carbon material, also has high sorption qualities against the mentioned radionuclides most common in ground waters (with reduction of their specific radioactivity in filtered water of up to 80 %). As well under consideration are topical issues of obtaining biotropic water, which has the ability to strengthen the interfacing between biopolymer macromolecules and water clusters. A number of scientific and technical solutions discussed in the paper have patent protection.

The authors considered first inventive period in the history of the domestic automotive industry, analyzed preserved to our days descriptions of the “horseless carriages” of Shamshurenkov and Kulibin. Relying on the presented material authors conclude that the main way to describe the new inventions became terminologization or specification of the existing term, as a rule, borrowed from related areas of technical knowledge. It is noted that over time, many Russian words have given way to the terms that came from French and German, and then English. This process was driven by the general internationalization of the automotive terminology as well as the superiority of the US automotive industry in the late XIX - the beginning of XX century, during the creation of the modern car. Analysis of inventions of Shamshurenkov and especially of Kulibin from a technical point of view (re-creation of models of self-propelled carriages, decoding surviving drawings), as well as their engineering judgment in a large number of special studies on the professional and amateur levels (model of Kulibin carriage is presented at the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow, periodically in Internet appear materials on tries of self-taught inventors to repeat experiments of Shamshurenkov or Kulibin) is widespread. But there are no works devoted to first attempts to describe the terminology of invented self-propelled structures. In this paper, the authors have tried to fill this gap and, as far as possible, to show how do imagine their inventions the creators Shamshurenkov and Kulibin. Analyzing the experience of Shamshurenkov in the creation of the horseless carriage authors relied on a deep study of engineer and technology historian E. I. Gagarin, who worked in Lomonosov Moscow Automotive Institute (now Moscow Polytechnic University).

The article describes the history of the Laboratory of Microbiology of the D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology since its foundation till present days. The paper summarizes information on the studies of outstanding Russian obstetricians-gynecologists conducted at the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th centuries, using innovative for those times bacteriological methods. At present, the Laboratory of Microbiology is a high-technology department of the Institute, equipped with advanced instruments and staffed with highly proficient personnel. The staff of the Laboratory of Microbiology carefully keeps the history and adheres to the traditions of research work initiated by distinguished scientists in the past.

Background. Trichomoniasis is accompanied by substantial colonization of the genital tract by various opportunistic microorganisms and reduced amount of lactobacilli. Both processes have a negative impact on the reproductive health and fetal development. Today, however, in the treatment of trichomoniasis insufficient attention is paid to the restoration of the normal vaginal microflora. Aim. An attempt was made to assess the vaginal microbiocenosis of patients with trichomoniasis using traditional and novel molecular methods. Matherials and Methods. Archived vaginal samples from 37 women with trichomoniasis were used, which were placed on slides, fixed in the flame and stained according the Gram method and by methylene blue and stored in boxes within last 15 years. The preparations were evaluated using microscopy and the nucleic acid amplification based test Femoflor and tests for the detection of DNA of sexually transmitted agents. Results. According to the microscopic examination, disorders of the vaginal microbiocenosis were detected in 89.2% of patients with trichomoniasis. C. trachomatis was detected in 8.1% of the samples. Obligate anaerobic microorganisms were determined in all samples, accounting for 8% to 100% of the total bacterialthe majority of the women. Facultative anaerobic microflora was also found in all the patients. Lactobacilli were detected in 8.1% of the women, and mycoplasma – in 37.8%. Conclusions. It was shown that in women with trichomoniasis there are often disturbances of the normal vaginal flora, manifested as the presence of a variety of opportunistic bacteria, accompanied by an inflammatory response. Almost half of the preparations showed bacterial vaginosis. Noteworthy, there was high prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis. For the first time, a technique of DNA testing in the materials placed on glass slides after prolonged storage was applied.

Introduction. Abnormal vaginal microflora in the first trimester of pregnancy is a risk factor for miscarriage. Opportunistic microorganisms predominate among microorganisms causing microflora disturbance. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vaginal microflora in the first trimesterф Introduction. Abnormal vaginal microflora in the first trimester of pregnancy is a risk factor for miscarriage. Opportunistic microorganisms predominate among microorganisms causing microflora disturbance. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vaginal microflora in the first trimester of pregnancy in women having history of pregnancy loss. Matherials and Methods . Real-time polymerase chain reaction, microscopic and cultural methods were used to examine 60 pregnant women having history of pregnancy loss and 10 pregnant women with uncomplicated obstetric history. Results. Disorders of the vaginal microflora were observed only in women having history of pregnancy loss. The lactoflora in both groups was shown to consist most frequently of 3 Lactobacillus species: Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenii, and L. iners. However, the species L. iners were detected only in the group of women with history of pregnancy loss. Non-Lactobacillus microbiota was significantly more often observed in pregnant women having history of pregnancy loss. Facultative and obligate anaerobes were detected in both groups. The concentration of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis in women in both groups had no significant differences. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that abnormal microbiota is more often observed in women having history of pregnancy loss. of pregnancy in women having history of pregnancy loss. Matherials and Methods. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, microscopic and cultural methods were used to examine 60 pregnant women having history of pregnancy loss and 10 pregnant women with uncomplicated obstetric history. Results. Disorders of the vaginal microflora were observed only in women having history of pregnancy loss. The lactoflora in both groups was shown to consist most frequently of 3 Lactobacillus species: Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenii, and L. iners. However, the species L. iners were detected only in the group of women with history of pregnancy loss. Non-Lactobacillus microbiota was significantly more often observed in pregnant women having history of pregnancy loss. Facultative and obligate anaerobes were detected in both groups. The concentration of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis in women in both groups had no significant differences. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that abnormal microbiota is more often observed in women having history of pregnancy loss.

Introduction. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with a number of reproductive health disorders, therefore timely and accurate diagnosis of this condition is exceedingly important. Objective. Comparison of effectiveness of clinical and laboratory diagnostics of BV in women with vaginal discharge. Material and methods. In total, 318 patients addressing gynecological clinics with complaints about vaginal discharge participated in the study. Clinical diagnostics of BV was performed in the clinics participating in patient enrollment in accordance with their clinical practice. For laboratory diagnostics, microscopy of Gram stained smears according to the Nugent method and quantitative real-time PCR were used. Sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnostics of BV and the molecular method were evaluated using the Nugent method as reference standard. Results. With the Nugent method, BV was diagnosed in 27% of women, with real-time PCR — in 37% of women. Using clinical signs of BV, the condition was diagnosed in 91% women. Sensitivity and specificity of the real-time PCR were 97% and 87%, respectively. Sensitivity of clinical diagnostics was 100%, but specificity was only 17%. Conclusions. Diagnostics of BV based only on the presence of vaginal discharge leads to false positive results and requires laboratory confirmation. The molecular method has a high sensitivity and satisfactory specificity for BV diagnosis and can be used as an alternative to the Nugent method.

Introduction. Urinary tract infections are the most common infections in obstetrics and gynecology. Bacteriological method to investigate urine is laborious and time-consuming, therefore development of accurate and rapid methods for the detection of significant bacteriuria is important. Objective. Evaluation of quantitative real-time PCR based approach for the detection of significant bacteriuria in pregnant women. Material and methods. A retrospective investigation of mid-stream urine samples obtained from pregnant women was performed. Urine culture was performed using quantitative method, and a case was considered as significant bacteriuria if ≥ 105 CFU/ml were detected. Urine samples were analyzed for main uropathogens / groups of uropathogens using quantitative multiplex real-time PCR. Diagnostic characteristics of PCR were computed relative to the results of urine culture. Results. In total, 896 urine samples were tested. Of them, significant bacteriuria was found in 28 cases (3%). The frequency of detection of Escherichia coli was 50%, Enterococcus spp. — 25%, Klebsiella spp. — 7%, Proteus spp. and S. saprophyticus 4% each, Streptococcus spp. — 14%. Sensitivity and specificity of the detection of significant bacteriuria using quantitative real-time PCR for the majority of bacterial species / groups were 99% to 100%. Sensitivity and specificity of the quantitative real-time PCR based method were 96% and 98%, respectively. Conclusions . Prevalence of significant bacteriuria among pregnant women is 3%. Half of the uropathogens isolated from pregnant women with bacteriuria are E. coli. Sensitivity and specificity of quantitative PCR for the detection of significant bacteriuria are 96% and 98%, respectively.

Introduction. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the primary cause of pathological vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae are considered key components of the vaginal microflora in BV. Etiology, pathogenesis and modes of transmission of BV are actively studied, however these questions still remain unanswered. Objective: investigate predictor factors of BV in women with vaginal discharge. Material and methods. In total, 318 women were included. As clinical material, vaginal samples were used. BV was diagnosed using the Nugent method. For quantitative determination of G. vaginalis and A. vaginae DNA, real-time PCR was used. Behavioral and anamnestic data were obtained from questionnaire filled out by the patients. Results. BV was diagnosed in 27 % of women. G. vaginalis and A. vaginae DNA was detected, respectively, in 93 % and 83 % of patients with BV, 73 % and 59 % - with intermediate microflora, 52 % and 38 % - with normal microflora. Difference between the three types of microflora in the frequency and concentrations of these microorganisms were statistically significant. Detection of G. vaginalis and A. vaginae were significant predictor factors of BV (OR 12.2; 95 % CI 5.1-29.4 and OR 7.9; 95 % CI 4.2-14.9, respectively), with chances to diagnose BV being manifold increased when clinically significant concentrations of these bacteria were detected (≥3×106 and ≥8×105 DNA copies/ml for G. vaginalis and A. vaginae, respectively). Detection of clue cells in Gram stained preparations was shown to be the strongest BV predictor (OR 765.6; 95 % CI 99.6-5883.2). Conclusions. BV is diagnosed in more than one fourth of women with vaginal discharge. Detection of G. vaginalis and A. vaginae, especially in clinically significant concentrations, and clue cells in Gram stained preparations are significant predictor factors of BV.

Postoperative cystoid macular edema is an autoimmune reaction due to the blood-retinal barrier breakdown occurring at anterior segment inflammation. Aim: To analyze the effectiveness of various anti-inflammatory therapeutic schemes used in cataract surgery. Materials and methods. Phacoemulsification using similar consumables had been performed in 792 patients (932 eyes). They were divided into three groups: 1st group included patients receiving 1 to 3 dexamethasone (0.3 ml) and mesatone (0.1 ml) injections and Tobradex eye drops starting with 5 times a day for 4-5 weeks and then tapering (356 eyes); 2nd group (331 eyes) used eye drops of levofloxacin 0.5% solution and dexamethasone; and the 3rd group (325 eyes) in which instillations of ofloxacine and dexamethasone were combined with 0.09% eye drops solution of bromfenac (Broxinac) eye drops, the latter being prescribed QD for 2 days before and 16 days after surgery. Results. Treatment outcomes were less favorable in Group 1 (complications found in 15.2% of patients). Perioperative antibiotic eye drops of 0.5% levofloxacin solution provide a high level prevention of bacterial infection prevention after phacoemulsification. Patients treated with a combination of dexamethasone 0.1% solution eye drops and non-steroidal drug Broxinac had the lowest rate of postoperative inflammatory complications (7.0%).

The article considers the main problem points in characteristic of Christian Church state in the conquered Arab-Muslim territories of the Iberian Peninsula. The author analyzes them in terms of the social role of the Church in conditions of coexistence of Christians with the politically dominant Muslim community.

This article analyzes trends of exacerbation of interreligious confrontation between the Western and Islamic civilizations in the modern world. The author highlights the major problem areas and suggests possible ways of resolving the conflict in the context of a broad intellectual movement for the partnership of civilizations.

Multiple myeloma with monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) A exhibiting is a type of the classic multiple myeloma, occurring every fifth patient. This type of disorder is associated with hypercholesterolemia that is refractory to the conventional therapy with anti-hyperlipidemic agents.This article presents a case of a patient B., 72 years old, whose disease debuted with high numbers of ESR and hypercholesterolemia. Ig Ak was identified by immunochemical analysis. Patient was diagnosed as having stage IA IgAk type multiple myeloma, diffuse lobular shape, with hyperlipidemia. Positive effect sustained after three courses of chemotherapy: level of IgA eventually subsided, and lipid metabolism returned to normal values.

The basic concepts of history of local entities or civilizations of the XX century are considered in the article. The author analyzes them in terms of the question of the meaning of history and the possibilities of historical knowledge as well as methodological potential for specific historical research.

The article is devoted to the variety of political management methodology in modern political science teaching. Theoretical and empirical methods are considered. Political management is investigated as an applied trend closely interconnected with theoretical political science which is taught at higher schools.

Article considers a special category of citizens – political absenteeists characterized by indifference to politics, deviating from participation in it. The authors revealed the available absenteeists science calculation methods, identified the types of absenteeists and analyzed the motives for Russians non-participation in policy.

Scientific paper analyzes the technology of modern political party management. Political technologies are discussed based on the hypothesis about their evolution. The work takes into account the political approach of comparative linguistics and methodology of the quantitative content analysis.

The article deals with modern teaching methods allowing to overcome the objective difficulties in the teaching of history in a technical college in complex. Particular attention is paid to abstract works of students in the learning process using modern multimedia technology and interactive teaching methods suggesting a direct interaction between teacher and students.

Components of a successful lecture which attracts the interest of the students are: needs of the lecturer to share his experience with students energetically, enthusiastically in the form of an easy conversation; reflect the characteristics of his personality, his individual opinion on the issues discussed; widely apply innovative methods of training; provide organic link between human and technical education.

This article is devoted to criticism of the traditional philosophy of history, formed in the middle of XX century in the framework of the philosophy of neo-positivism. The author analyzes the antihistoricism concept of K.R. Popper and its influence on the development of historical science, in particular, the emergence of theories of industrial and postindustrial society.

The study aimed to investigate the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract in infants born via vaginal delivery or Cesarean section. In the first hours postpartum, microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract occurred in 78 % of the infants born via vaginal delivery, and in 27 % of the infants born via Cesarean section. The effects of antibiotics and probiotics, which were administered to the women during pregnancy and labor, on the composition of gastrointestinal micro-flora in infants were studied. In the infants born to mothers receiving antimicrobials lactobacilli in gastric aspirate and meconium were not detected. Using probiotics during pregnancy did not have any effect on lactobacilli detection in the infants.

The influence of instillagel on microorganism strains (bacterial, yeast-like fungi, genital mycoplasma) isolated from women's genitalia was studied. The preparation exerts bactericidal, fungicidal and mycoplasmacidal action on the studied microorganisms. The use of instillagel for the treatment of 32 patients resulted in a complete clinical and microbiological recovery. Thus, this preparation can be used as one of additional means in the treatment of vaginitis, vulvovaginitis, bacterial vaginosis.

The article presents the data on the efficiency of using betadin to treat 17 non-pregnant women who had bacterial vaginosis or vaginitis with ureaplasmas and other microorganisms in their vaginal discharge. The use of suppositoria betadin for 14 days and specific antibacterial or antimicotic therapy allowed achieve clinical recovery and elimination of ureaplasmas in 82,4% cases.