Search

The EWS (Early Warning system) is a new technology applied in the advanced and prone to the earthquake risk countries. According of the new project SIMORA new methodology is performed to the seismogenic structure and a seismotectonic model of the region is developed. As the activated fault was not known (so called “blind faults”) deep geophysical complex investigations have been applied. It includes detailed gravity and magnetic fields measurements, new interpretations, comparison with the known and unknown seismic active structures and detailed study of the space-time seismicity patterns. Due to the applied research together with more detailed additional field measurements by electric resistive methods, radioactivity measurements and magnetic susceptibility profiling is expected to make a clear view of the local and regional geophysical fields. After the model is established the new approach for the selection of the strong motion devices locations is executed. Field measurements about the seismic noise (anthropogenic or natural) are performed. The spectral characteristics and amplitude levels are clarified according to the international requirements about reliability. The devices are intended to be put around the seismic source. In parallel such devices can serve as an instrument of the early warning to the local authorities and population.

Several models with illustrative pictures are presented covering different seismic possible explicit hazardous situations in Bulgaria: -Vrancea seismic source and distances model -Vrancea seismic source and differences in travel times P and S waves model -Pernik city source kinematics model - distances and travel times of the seismic waves The reliability of the models and obtained results strongly depends on several factors: -The exact positions of the seismogenic faults -The locations of the ground strong motion devices -The kinematics of the travel times of P and S waves -The triggering levels of the device sensitivities -The velocity of data transfer and the reliability of the communication links, etc. The legislation issues and the levels of the warnings need further development due to the sensitivity of the public to the “true and false” alarms. All described issues are under investigations in this paper.

The tsunamigenic sources of nonseismic origin are investigated. The relevant sources for the Black Sea (except earthquakes) might be: - underwater slides - meteorological impact (sashes) - meteorites The relevant sources about tsunamis in the Baltic Sea might be: - meteorological impact (storm surges) - meteorites - fast ferries (anthropogenic impact) Many examples and modeling results are presented illustrating the above mentioned nonseismic tsunami sources with quantitative characteristics of the modeled waves.