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Zbog svoje sačuvanosti i povijesne važnosti u Viškom boju Gospina baterija u Visu ima posebno mjesto u korpusu fortifikacijskih građevina iz vremena druge austrijske uprave na otoku. U tekstu se daje povijesni pregled događaja koji su prethodili gradnji Baterije, rekonstruira kompletan proces izgradnje, pojašnjava njezina uloga u ratnim zbivanjima sredinom 19. stoljeća, kao i transformacije od austrijskog napuštanja vojnih položaja na otoku Visu od kraja 19. stoljeća sve do početka 21. stoljeća. U dodatku tekstu daje se osvrt na značaj kartografske zbirke Ratnog arhiva u Beču u kontekstu proučavanja povijesti graditeljstva., Our Lady’s battery in Vis was built during the second Austrian administration (from 1814 to 1918) at the bottom of the spacious bay of Vis, not far from the parish church of Our Lady of Spilica, after which it was named. As part of the defence system of the war port of Vis, it was the last point of defence in case of enemy breach into the interior of the bay of Vis. Since immediately after the Austrian demilitarization of the island it was converted into a public, civilian facility that has been maintained to this day, the original appearance of Our Lady’s Battery has been almost completely preserved. The battery, therefore, stands out in the corpus of Austrian fortification buildings on the island of Vis, mostly devastated or demolished and, today, unrecognizable, and unreadable in space. The text provides a historical overview of the events that preceded the construction of Our Lady’s Battery and explains its role in war events in the middle of the 19th century, especially in the conflict between the Italian and Austrian navies, where the Italians wanted to secure supremacy over the Adriatic by conquering the island of Vis, and which, by the 1866 Battle of Vis, ended with the Italian fleet defeated. The paper gives an overview of the transformations of the Battery that took placeafter the Austrians left the military positions on the island of Vis at the end of the 19th century and all the way until the beginning of the 21st century. According to the analysis of historical drawings, maps and technical plans from the cartographic collections of the War Archives at the Austrian State Archives and the Croatian State Archives, some of which are published for the first time, the complete process of building Our Lady’s Battery has been reconstructed, beginning with the conception of the fortification system of the island of Vis and the formation of the defence system of the war port of Vis through the design and construction process to its final appearance and armament. As archival material, the drawings are not only a source of data on the original appearance of the historic building, but they also provide data on the standard of production and furnishing of technical drawings and document a high level of knowledge of Austrian military engineers and constructors regarding the application of innovative technical solutions during construction. The appendix to the text provides an overview of the significance of the cartographic collection of the Austrian State Archives, the War Archives in Vienna in the context of the study of the history of construction.