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In order to know if small children subjected to a long-term treatment with phenobarbital can suffer some alterations in their lineal growth or in their osseous maturity in the same way as those showed by epileptical mother's sons, 85 patients between six months and three years old, who had suffered fit convulsions during a fever process, 20 of them subjected to antithermic treatment, and the 65 left who received a phenobarbital treatment in doses of 5 mg./kg./day have been controlled. In each child, at the beginning of the control and after 12 months, their height, diaphysial diameter and cortical thickness of the metacarpal bones, and bone age is valued. At the same time a calcium, phosphorous and phosphatase-alcaline control was done. The group who had received anti-convulsivants drugs, showed a significant decrease in their lineal growth and in calcium concentration in blood. The control group didn't present any significant variation in any of the controls performed.

54 neonates found to have pelvic dilatation on sonography are reported. They were studied by IVP, voiding cystography and renal function tests. Periodic sonography, urine cultures and DPTA furosemide in severe cases were performed during the follow-up (3-32 months). The ectasias were classified in 4 grades, found a good correlation with urography in grades I, III and IV. Neonatal pelvic dilatation is associated with: 1) urinary tract infection (17.4%); 2) vesicoureteric reflux (25.5%); 3) ureteropelvic obstruction (17.4%). During the follow-up 52% of ectasia disappeared (x: 6 months) and 11% will required pieloplasty (x: 10 months). It is noteworthy the high rate of initial and further urinary tract infection (53% of patients).

We analyze the therapeutical value of an oral glucoelectrolytic solution when treating 132 hospitalized patients ranging from 1 to 36 months of age, with acute diarrhea and/or dehydration. These children were offered ad libitum a solution containing: Na 50 mEq/l, K 30 mEq/l, CO3H 24 mMol/l, glucose 111 mMol/l, and saccharose 55 mMol/l, with an osmolarity of 300 mOsm/1. We observed a simultaneous clinical recovery and normalization of the hydroelectrolytic disturbances (p less than 0.05). Furthermore the differences in the ingested quantities by dehydrated and well hydrated children (p less than 0.05), or as expressed in ml/kg/hour during the first six hours compared with the following hours in the whole group (p less than 0.05), demonstrate a physiological recovers of the patient. We conclude that the use of these solutions should have priority over other treatment even in hospitalized patients.

A new case of short rib-polydactyly with multiple visceral malformations is reported. Authors wish to draw attention to existence of intermediate forms between Majewski type and Saldino-Noonan type.

A case of chromosomic aberration and chondrodysplasia punctata is presented. Nine similar have been previously reported being this case first described in Spain. Hypothesis arouse from these observations suggest that they are different entities but also permit to include bone alterations among chromosomic aberration signs.

Clinic and analytic findings in 18 children showing severe neurological symptoms, following administration of one dose of anti-whoopingcough vaccine are revised. Possible relationship between both circumstances is discussed and favouring factors of outcoming complications are analysed for each patient in order to establish contraindications to be expected from the use of this vaccine.